2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第50期

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they _ to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. proceed 开始；继续进行 B. appeal 呼吁；恳求C. resort 诉诸；采取 D. incline 倾向于【考察点】词组辨析【解题思路】句意为只有动物在被困住的时候，它们才会采取暴力措施来逃走。C选项res

2、ort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。【干扰项排除】A选项proceed to继续下去；B选项appeal to呼吁；上诉；要求；对有吸引力；D选项incline to倾向于。Incline to更多指具有什么倾向。但是该题目应该选采取暴力措施。因为题意为动物们已经被困住了；以上选项均不符合句意。【句意】一般来说，只有当动物被困住时，它们才会采取暴力措施以逃脱。2. 单选题Other guests at yesterdays opening ceremony, which was broadcast（ ）by the radio station included the Governor and

3、 the Mayor.问题1选项A.aliveB.liveC.livelyD.living【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。alive“活着的，活泼的，有生气的”；live“直播的，活的”；lively“活泼的，生动的”；living“现存的，活跃的，逼真的”。句意：昨天，广播电台现场直播的开幕式上，其他来宾包括州长和市长。由broadcast可推知是现场直播。故B项正确。3. 单选题Although the invention of the printing press led to a significant reconceptualization of textual productio

4、n in the 15th century, （ ）the invention of the computer.问题1选项A.no less significant in the 20th century isB.no less significant in the 20th century wasC.what was equally significant in the 20th century wereD.what has been equally significant in the 20th is【答案】B【解析】考查语法。although表让步关系，no less “不相上下”。句意

5、：尽管印刷机的发明在15世纪引起了对文本生产的重大重新认识，但20世纪计算机的发明也不相上下。20世纪计算机的发明已经发生，故用一般过去时，再结合although表让步关系，可知no less能与其构成让步关系。故B项正确。4. 单选题By 1914, ten of the Western states had granted women the right to vote, but（ ）.问题1选项A.only one in the EastB.only one eastern stateC.in the East only one state didD.only one in the Ea

6、st had【答案】A【解析】考查语法。前后句子的谓语相同，故后半句的谓语部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十个州已经赋予妇女投票权，但是东部只有一个州的妇女有投票权。故A项正确。5. 单选题Remember that only a few of the living things that are produced can live. In general, thoselive that are best fitted for living（ ）they do.问题1选项A.whereB.whatC.whyD.how【答案】A【解析】考查语法。where引导定语从句，即those liv

7、e that are best fitted for living where they do (will live).句意：记住只有少数被生产出来的生物才能生存。一般来说，只有那些生活在最适合它们生活的地方的生物才能生存。6. 单选题Since you are unhappy with this job, I recommend that you_ as soon as possible.问题1选项A.resignedB.will resignC.could resignD.resign【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. resigned辞职 B. will resign辞职C. could

8、 resign辞职 D. resign辞职【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】这里考查recommend的用法。sb. recommend that sb. (should) do sth.表示建议某人做某事。这里的should可以省略。因此D选项 resign正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项搭配错误。【句意】既然你对这份工作不满意，我建议你尽快辞职。7. 单选题They asked us to come to their party but we（ ）the invitation.问题1选项A.rejectedB.refusedC.declinedD.spurn【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。

9、reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decline“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。8. 单选题The mood of the evening is_ just as it is every year when this topic is brought up.问题1选项A.destroyedB.damagedC.ruinedD.spoiled【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. destroyed破坏；摧毁 B. damaged

10、损害C. ruined毁灭 D. spoiled破坏；破坏的兴致【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“破坏”的意思。空格处是一个被动语态。空格处的动词用来说明mood“心情”被怎么样了。Mood做主语，句意为每当这个话题被提起时，夜晚的心情就被破坏了。只有D选项spoil指破坏的兴致符合句子语境。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项destroy的基本意思是用任何力量“破坏，毁坏”，用于物时，指破坏或毁坏有用的事物; 用于人时，指用武力或暴力“杀死”“毁灭”“消灭”敌人等；B选项damage的基本意思是“损害，伤害”，主要指自然力或人为地在价值、完整性、效能等方面造成损

11、害，一般是局部地、非彻底地、可修复地，可以用于有形物，也可以用于无形物，还可表示对经济信心等造成坏的结果或影响；C选项ruin的基本意思是“破坏，毁掉”，常指因暴力、自然灾害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毁坏，强调倒塌成碎片，也可指健康、声望、容貌、气节、价值等受到严重损坏。以上选项均不能和mood搭配。【句意】就像每年提起这个话题一样，整个晚上的气氛都被破坏了。9. 单选题（ ）can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.问题1选项A.EverybodyB.AnybodyC

12、.SomebodyD.Nobody【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。nobody can help but“情不自禁”，相当于everybody cant help but. 句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小说所代入的世界所吸引。故D项正确。10. 单选题He failed to（ ）himself to the new environment.问题1选项A.adoptB.adaptC.attachD.abduct【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。adopt“采用，收养”；adapt“适应”；attach“使联系，使依附”；abduct“绑架，诱拐”。句意：他不能适应新环境。B项符合题意。11.

13、单选题The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce（ ）.问题1选项A.that occurred when a childB.that occurred when they were childrenC.that has occurred as each was a childD.occurring when children【答案】B【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定

14、语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。12. 单选题Although these states and their people are_, they share the common goal of economic development.问题1选项A.controversialB.involvedC.diverseD.visible【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. controversial有争议的；有争论的 B. involved有关的；卷入的；复杂的C. diverse

15、不同的；多样化的 D. visible明显的；看得见的；现有的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据“共同目标（common goal）”可知：这些地区经济发展的目标相同。空格处的从句用although连接，表示尽管。这句话的意思为尽管这些地区和人所以空格处应该填一个与后面“相同”的反义词表示转折。综上所述，C选项diverse“不同的；多样化的”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“不同的”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】尽管这些国家及其人民各不相同，但他们都有共同的经济发展目标。13. 单选题Mary once_ with another music

16、ian to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. merged（尤指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失 B. collaborated合作C. coincided一致；符合；同时发生 D. constituted组成；构成【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格后有with表示和一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】玛丽有一次与另

17、一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。14. 单选题Everyone knows that the speed of an airplane _ that of a ship.问题1选项A.transplantsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. transplants 移植 B. transfers 转移C. transcends 胜过，超越 D. transforms 转换【考查点】形近词辨析。【解题思路】空格处的that指代的是speed，也就是说比较飞机与船的速度。C选项transcends“胜过，超越”符合句子逻辑。【

18、干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】大家都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。15. 单选题The post office is not（ ）for damage to a parcel sent by mail unless it is insured.问题1选项A.qualifiedB.liableC.guiltyD.jealous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。qualified“合格的，有资格的”；liable“有责任的，有义务的”；guilty“有罪的，内疚的”；jealous“妒忌的，猜疑的”。be liable for“有责任，有义务”。由unless

19、可知邮局对没投保的包裹的损坏不承担责任。故B项正确。句意：邮局对邮局的包裹的损坏不承担责任，除非这些包裹投保了。16. 单选题My pain（ ）apparent the minute I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”问题1选项A.must beB.had beenC.must have beenD.had to be【答案】C【解析】考查语法。must have done表示对过去肯定的假设。句意：我的疼痛一定很明显，因为当我走

20、进房间时，我见到的第一个人问道“你还好吧？”。由for可推断我的疼痛比较明显。故C项正确。17. 写作题The graphs below show the change of infant mortality and life expectancy in a country. Write an essay of 200 words. Your essay must be based on the instructions as follows:1. Describe the graphs2. Give some reasons3. Predict the future infant morta

21、lity【答案】略18. 单选题At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: “Are immigrants good or bad for the economy?” The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boo

22、st to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality?There are a n

23、umber of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the stress that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add

24、to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of whats going on, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenl

25、y. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employersmeatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers savings probably translate into lower p

26、rices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Ha

27、rvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% from 1980 to 2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in

28、other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all

29、 the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affectedsay, low-skilled workers, or California residentsthe impact isnt all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions, says Daniel Tichenor, a political science profess

30、or at the University of Oregon. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.” Too bad most people dont realize it.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?2.In what way does the author think ordinary Ame

31、ricans benefit from immigration?3.Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?4.What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?5.What is the irony about the debated over immigration?问题1选项A.Whether immigrants are g

32、ood or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.B.The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story.C.The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.D.The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immig

33、ration.问题2选项A.They can access all kinds of public services.B.They can get consumer goods at lower prices.C.They can mix with people of different cultures.D.They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.问题3选项A.They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.B.They are more likely to encounter in

34、terracial conflicts.C.They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.D.They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills.问题4选项A.It may change the existing social structure.B.It may pose a threat to their economic status.C.It may lead to social instability in the country.D.It may place

35、a great strain on the state budge.问题5选项A.Even economists cant reach a consensus about its impact.B.Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.C.People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.D.There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.【答

36、案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. 绝大多数美国民众认为移民是有害的。然而，大多数经济学家的共识是，无论是合法的还是非法的移民，都对经济有小小的促进作用。”可知公众与经济学家就移民是好

37、还是坏有不同的看法。故D项正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段“Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes，and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. 移民提供了廉价的劳动力，降低了从农产品到新住房等一切商品的价格，让消费者口袋里多了一些钱。”可知移民给普通美国人带来的好处是：降低了物价，使他们手中能有多一些钱。故B项正确。3.推理判断题. 由题干关键词“native low-

38、skilled workers”定位到第三段倒数一、二句“Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% from 1980 to 2000. 本地的低技能工人在与外国劳工的竞争中受害最深。根据哈佛大学经济学家George Borja

39、s的一项研究，从1980年到2000年，移民使美国高中辍学生的工资下降了9%。”可知C项“他们很难找到一份薪水体面的工作”正确。4.细节事实题。由第四段“What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. 换句话说，他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。”可知D项“它会给国家预算带来很大压力”正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is min

40、imal. Even for those most acutely affectedsay, low-skilled workers, or California residentsthe impact isnt all that dramatic. 具有讽刺意味的是，尽管所有的争论都过于激烈，移民的净影响却微乎其微。即使对那些受影响最严重的人比如，低技能工人或加州居民影响也不那么显著。”可知C项“人们对影响不大的事情大惊小怪”正确，即人们对于移民的影响过于大惊小怪。19. 单选题This book is divided into five sections. Each section（ ）a

41、 different aspect of the problem.问题1选项A.deals withB.copes withC.solvesD.handles【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。deal with“处理，涉及”；cope with“处理，应付”；solve“解决，解答”；handle“处理”。句意：这本书分为五个部分，每个部分都涉及问题的不同方面。A项符合题意。20. 单选题He seems to think the plan will work, but I am（ ）about its success.问题1选项A.unbelievingB.unbelievableC.incredibleD.skeptical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“难以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的，极好的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：他似乎觉得这个计划会凑效，但我对它的成功表示怀疑。前半句表达的是一个人相信的态度，由but可知后半句态度与之相反，即怀疑的态度。故D项正确。be skeptical about对表示怀疑。