2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第8期

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题After the election, a new situation is likely to（ ）.问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。rise“上升，增强”；raise“提升，增加，养育”；arise“出现，上升，起立”；arouse“引起，唤醒，鼓励”。句意：选举之后，一种新形势可能要出现了。C项符合题意。2. 翻译题Im pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadnt bee

2、n fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life is going to hit you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith. Im convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. Youve got to find what you love. And that is as true fo

3、r your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you havent found it yet, keep lookingand dont settle. As with all m

4、atters of the heart, youll know when you find it. And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep lookingdont settle.【答案】我非常确定，如果苹果公司没有开除我的话，这一切不会发生。这贴药很苦，但我认为病人需要它。有时候，生活会用砖头敲你的脑袋。不要失去信心。我确信唯一让我不断前进的就是我喜欢我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜爱的东西，对于工作是如此，对于你的爱人也是一样。你的工作将占据你生活的

5、很大部分，唯一能使你满意的方法便是做你认为伟大的工作，而做伟大工作的唯一方法便是去喜爱你做的事情。如果你还没有找到你喜欢的事情，继续寻找，不要停下来。只要你全心全意去找，当你找到时，你就会知道的。就像其他任何真诚的感情一样，随着岁月的流逝，这种关系只会越来越紧密。所以继续寻找，不要停下来。3. 单选题People tend to be more aggressive when theyre young and more _ as they get older.问题1选项A.progressiveB.permissiveC.conservativeD.intensive【答案】C【解析】【选项释

6、义】A. progressive 进步的；先进的 B. permissive 放任的；纵容的C. conservative 保守的 D. intensive 加强的；集中的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句中，young“年轻的”和older“年老的”形成对比，因此空格处的形容词与aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的”作对比，因此选C .conservative保守的，符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】人们年轻的时候往往激进，年老时则倾向于保守。4. 翻译题The climate of Australia varies greatly fr

7、om region to region, with a tropical climate in the north, an arid or semiarid climate in much of the interior, and a temperate climate in the south. Despite these variations, the moderating influence of the surrounding oceans and the absence of extensive high mountain ranges help prevent marked ext

8、remes of weather. However, some areas occasionally experience extreme weather conditions, such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe drought. Because Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonal variations, on the whole, are

9、 small. Generally, coastal and highland areas, especially in the southeast, are cooler than interior locations, and the north, particularly the northwestern coast, is the hottest region. The temperate regions of southern Australia have four seasons, with cool winters and warm summers. 【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区

10、而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。5. 单选题Like many lovers of books, Mary and her husband, Richard Goldman, seldom walked p

11、ast a bookstore without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.When Mary was hospitalized with heart trouble in 1989, they decided it was time to get serious. Richard, who worked for a business company, was eager to work for himself, and Mary needed to slow dow

12、n from her demanding job.They started by talking to bookstore owners and researching the industry. “We knew it had to be a specialty store because we couldnt match the big chains dollar for dollar.” says Mary. One figure caught her attention: Shed read somewhere that roughly 20 percent of books sold

13、 were mysteries, and many buyers spent more $300 a year on books. She and Richard were themselves mystery readers.On Halloween 1992, they opened the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Cafe near their home. With three children in college, the couple could not spend all the familys money to start a shop. To

14、cover the $ 100,000 cost, they drew some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.The store merely broke even in its first year, with only $120,000 in sales. But Mary was always coming up with new ways to attract customers. The shop had a coffee bar and it offered gifts to mystery l

15、overs and served dinners for book clubs that met in the store. She also invited dozens of writers to discuss their stories.Today Mystery Lovers makes sales of about $420,000 a year. After paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sales clerks, Richard and Mary together earn about $34,000.“T

16、he job you love may not go hand in hand with a million-dollar income,” says Richard. “This has always been about an enjoyable life for ourselves, not about making a lot of money.”1.When Mary was in hospital, the couple realized that（ ）.2.After Mary got well from her illness they began（ ）.3.How did t

17、heir bookstore do in the first year?4.According to Richard, the main purpose of running the bookstore is（ ）.5. What is the authors attitude about doing something you like but cannot earn lots of money?问题1选项A.they had to put their plan into practiceB.health was more important than wealthC.heart troub

18、le was a serious illnessD.they both needed to stop working问题2选项A.to study industrial managementB.to buy and read more mystery booksC.to do market research on book businessD.to work harder to save money for the bookstore问题3选项A.They had to borrow money to keep it going.B.They made just enough to cover

19、 all the costs.C.They succeeded in earning a lot of money.D.They failed though they worked hard.问题4选项A.to pay for their childrens educationB.to get to know more writersC.to set up more bookstoresD.to do what they like to do问题5选项A.He is for it.B.He is against it.C.He has no special attitude.D.We dont

20、 know.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段讲述了Mary夫妇特别喜欢书，他们经常谈论有一天开一个自己的书店。再由第二段“When Mary was hospitalized with heart trouble in 1989, they decided it was time to get serious. 1989年玛丽因心脏病住院时，他们决定是时候认真对待这件事了。”可知Mary夫妇决心认真对待他们的开书店的计划。故A项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“They started by talking to bookstore own

21、ers and researching the industry. 他们首先与书店老板交谈，并对这个行业进行了研究。”可知他们开始对书店行业进行市场调研。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第四段“To cover the $ 100,000 cost, they drew some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank. 为了支付这10万美元的费用，他们从亲戚和银行借了一部分存款。”以及第五段“The store merely broke even in its first year, with only $120,00

22、0 in sales这家店在开业第一年仅仅实现了收支平衡，销售额只有12万美元”可知B项“他们赚的仅够支付成本”正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“This has always been about an enjoyable life for ourselves, not about making a lot of money. 对我们自己来说，这一直是一种享受生活的方式，而不是为了赚很多钱。”可知Richard开书店的原因是出于对书的热爱。故D项“做自己想做的事情”正确。5.观点态度题。全文讲述了一对夫妇出于对书的热爱，最后开了一家书店的故事，没有涉及作者的观点态度。故C项正确。6. 翻译题

23、As a fashionable leisure activity, traveling is favored by a growing number of people. Due to the rapid development of economy, the improvement of living standard and the governments support of tourism, traveling is becoming more and more popular in China. Traveling has gradually become an essential

24、 part of peoples daily life. On holidays, numerous Chinese tourists would swarm into scenic spots across the world. When traveling, people can broaden their horizons, enrich their knowledge and appreciate beautiful natural landscapes, which would eventually help to relax themselves physically and me

25、ntally.【答案】旅游作为一种时尚的休闲活动，为越来越多的人所喜爱。经济的迅猛发展、生活水平的提高，以及政府对旅游业的支持使得旅游在中国越来越流行。旅游已逐步成为人们日常生活必不可少的部分。每逢假期，大批的中国游客就会涌入世界各地的景点。旅游时人们可以开阔视野，增长知识，欣赏大自然的美丽风光，最终得以放松身心。7. 单选题The old king（ ）. They are making a new king.问题1选项A.was believed to be killedB.is believed being killedC.is believed having been killedD.

26、is believed to have been killed【答案】D【解析】考查语法。由第二句“他们正在选举一位新国王”可知，之前的国王被认为已经杀害了，故用现在完成时的被动，再结合be believed to “被认为”可知D项正确。句意：他们认为之前的国王已经被杀害了，他们正在选举一位新国王。8. 单选题The exam would finish at 11:30, we still have 10 minutes _ before we hand in our paper.问题1选项A.in handB.in caseC.in the name ofD.in the way【答案】A

27、【解析】【选项释义】A. in hand 在手头；在进行中 B. in case万一；假使C. in the name of 以的名义 D. in the way 妨碍；挡道【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，前半句表示考试将在十一点半结束，空格前表示我们还有十分钟，空格后为交卷前，引申含义为我们还有十分钟交卷，即卷子在手中还有十分钟。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】考试将在11点半结束，在交卷之前我们还有10分钟。9. 单选题He is well acquainted with many of the（ ）Jesus Christ tol

28、d to his followers.问题1选项A.anecdotesB.parablesC.legendsD.myths【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。anecdotes“奇闻轶事”；parables“比喻，尤指圣经里的寓言故事”；legends“传说，传奇”；myths“神话”。句意：他对许多耶稣告诉其追随者的故事很熟悉。故B项正确。10. 单选题Water will continue to be（ ）it is todaynext in importance to oxygen.问题1选项A.howB.whichC.asD.what【答案】D【解析】考查语法。后面破折号的内容是对前一句做

29、进一步的补充说明，空格处所在句子为表语从句，所填词引导表语从句且在句中做宾语。故D项正确。句意：水将依然处于仅次于氧气的重要地位。11. 单选题Job hunting is never easy, but what if data could be used to make the process a little less stressful? Companies such as Linkedin and M hold vast amounts of information on peoples professional lives, but there is one organizatio

30、n that surpasses them all: the federal government. Although rich and comprehensive, government labor data can often be hard to access, bound by net tape and cloaked in jargon.“With todays technologies, we can do a lot more to build open data sets for skills,” said Aneesh Chopra, the While Houses fir

31、st chief technology officer and founder of Arlington-based start-up Hunch Analytics. During his tenure, Chopras role involved making government data more accessible. Its a mission he has continued after his departure, assembling a band of public officials, tech entrepreneurs and think-tank analysts

32、whose focus is firmly on the labor market.A robust economic recovery tempered by flat wages has reinforced the need to connect Americans with higher-paying technology jobs, according to the White House. That was the rationale behind the Presidents new initiative, announced last week, to train and hi

33、re Americans for more than 500,000 unfilled information technology jobs through partnerships with local communities.“Theres not a standard, real-time, modern way to identify all the skills our economy needs in play today. Work force and talent planners have a daunting job in ensuring they have a rea

34、dy-now workforce, so the more data they can get, the better informed they are.” said Leighanne Levensaler, senior vice president of products at Workday, a human resources software company that was involved in the project.The closest thing to a standard national database is the Labor Departments Occu

35、pational Information network Website, known as O* Net. Built in the 1990s, the site compiles data on more than 900 occupations, with details about job skills, average compensation and a search tool to find jobs by state. But although the site is continually updated, it has been slow to keep pace wit

36、h the changing job market, according to Copra and Levensaler.A push to modernize O* Net is the groups next big undertaking. The Presidents 2016 budget proposal includes a $ 5 million request to study and test approaches modernize and potentially streamline data collection for O* Net. The measure see

37、ks to “provide up-to-date coverage of occupations and skills, particularly for high-growth, changing industries.” Chopra convened a roundtable of government officials, academics and private-sector executives last month to discuss measures to improve O* Net. Workday and LinkedIn are among the compani

38、es interested in the effortwhich is still at a conceptual stage, Chopra said.To open-data advocates such as Chopra, theres no better time to harness the power of information for the economy. “No one company, no matter how amazing they are, has the capacity to get every employer in America to open up

39、 their skills data for every job posting,” he said, “The government has the capacity to convene stakeholders to open up the data.”1.In what respect is the company database inferior to that of federal government?2.The passage implies that Aneesh Chopra（ ）.3.Which of the following statements would Lei

40、ghanne be most likely to agree with?4.We can infer from the passage that O* Net（ ）.5.In the last paragraph, Chopra emphasizes（ ）.问题1选项A.AmplitudeB.AccessibilityC.IntegrityD.Authority问题2选项A.serves as the White Houses chief technology officerB.sets up a company on the basis of government dataC.sticks

41、to the improvement of government data setsD.hires a group of experts on behalf of the government问题3选项A.The government should issue information about higher-paying vacancies.B.It is impossible to include all kinds of professional skills in database.C.Workforce should be prepared at any time for jobs

42、in great need.D.More information helps planners to connect work force with positions.问题4选项A.functions as a standard national databaseB.tries to compile the change of job dataC.gets financial support from the governmentD.attracts companies into the update project问题5选项A.the importance of information t

43、echnologyB.the governments role as an organizerC.the necessity of opening up job databaseD.the limitation of all information companies【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Companies such as Linkedin and M hold vast amounts of information on peoples professional lives, but there is one organi

44、zation that surpasses them all: the federal government. Linkedin和M等公司拥有大量有关人们职业生活的信息，但有一个机构的信息比它们都多：联邦政府。”可知联邦政府比其他公司的数据库的信息要多。故A项正确。Amplitude丰富性，充足；Accessibility 获取性；Integrity 完整性 ；Authority权威性。2.推理判断题。由第二段“During his tenure, Chopras role involved making government data more accessible. Its a missi

45、on he has continued after his departure, assembling a band of public officials, tech entrepreneurs and think-tank analysts whose focus is firmly on the labor market. 在乔普拉的任期内，他的职责是让政府数据更容易获取。离职后，他一直在继续这项使命，组建了一群专注于劳动力市场的政府官员、科技企业家和智库分析师。”可知C项“坚持改进政府数据库”正确。3.推理判断题。由第四段“Work force and talent planners

46、have a daunting job in ensuring they have a ready-now workforce, so the more data they can get, the better informed they are. 劳动力和人才规划人员要确保他们拥有现成的劳动力，这是一项艰巨的任务，因此他们能得到的数据越多，就越了解情况。”可知D项“更多的信息有助于规划人员将劳动力与职位联系起来”正确。A项“政府应该发布高薪职位的信息”；B项“数据库中不可能包含所有的专业技能”；C项“劳动力应该在任何时候为有巨大需求的工作做好准备”文中都未提及。4.推理判断题。由第五段“B

47、uilt in the 1990s, the site compiles data on more than 900 occupations, with details about job skills, average compensation and a search tool to find jobs by state. But although the site is continually updated, it has been slow to keep pace with the changing job market, according to Copra and Levens

48、aler. 该网站创建于上世纪90年代，收集了900多个职业的数据，包括工作技能、平均薪酬等细节，以及一个按州找工作的搜索工具。但据科帕拉和利文塞勒说，尽管该网站不断更新，但仍跟不上就业市场变化的步伐。” “The measure seeks to provide up-to-date coverage of occupations and skills, particularly for high-growth, changing industries. 该措施旨在提供最新的职业和技能，特别是高增长、变化的行业。”可知该公司想实时更新职位信息。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“To o

49、pen-data advocates such as Chopra, theres no better time to harness the power of information for the economy. No one company, no matter how amazing they are, has the capacity to get every employer in America to open up their skills data for every job posting, he said, The government has the capacity

50、 to convene stakeholders to open up the data.对于Chopra这样的公开数据倡导者来说，现在是驾驭信息力量促进经济发展的最佳时机。他说: 没有一家公司，不管他们有多了不起，有能力让美国的每一个雇主公开他们的技能数据。而政府有能力召集利益相关者公开这些数据。”可知Chopra强调政府在使雇主公开技能数据过程中的重要性。故B项正确。12. 不定项选择题Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763

51、 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century. Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.The kind of conflict most emphasized by these histor

52、ians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person supported. Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists represented an upper

53、 class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic classes. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebel side, we find little evidence for the contention that

54、lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent

55、 that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social struc

56、ture was in fact so fluid-though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed-that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations

57、like “the better sort”. Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.Having said this, however, one must

58、 add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. “The Paxton Boys” incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples of the widespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against co

59、lonial or state governments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict-which also existed between North and South-deserves further investigation.In summary, historians must be car

60、eful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.1. The au

61、thor suggests which of the following about the representativeness of colonial or state governments in America from 1763 to 1789?2. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about sectional conflicts in America between 1763 and 1789?3. It can be inferred from the passage th

62、at the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War?4. The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with which of the following statements

63、 about the social structure of eighteenth-century American society?I. It allowed greater economic opportunity than it did social mobility.II. It permitted greater economic opportunity prior to 1750 than after 1750.III. It did not contain rigidly defined socioeconomic divisions.IV. It prevented economic disputes from arising among members of the society.5. The author most likely refers to “historians such as Beard and Becker” (lines 5-6) in order to_.问题1选项A.The governments inadequately represented the interests of people in western regions.B.The governm