2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第32期

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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and translate it into Chinese.1. Upon learning of this cultural preference, Hallmark reacted quickly. Even though Chinese and Japanese descendants of Romeo and Juliet are now able to buy greeting cards in t

2、heir native language, Hallmark has made sure the supply of greeting cards in English is plentiful. Thus, their customers can achieve both a display of their hip cosmopolitan flair, while also sending their sweetie that all-important message of love at the same time.2.English as a lingua franca is no

3、thing more than a useful tool: it is a “language for communication”, a medium that is given substance with the different national, regional, local and individual cultural identities its speakers bring to it. English itself does not carry such identities, and it is not a “language for identification”

4、. And because of the variety of functional uses of global English, English has also a great potential for promoting international understanding. Its different speakers must always work out a common behavioural and intercultural basis.【答案】1.在了解到这一文化偏好之后，霍尔马克公司快速做出了反应。尽管“罗密欧与朱丽叶”的中国和日本后裔现在都能买到母语贺卡，但霍尔

5、马克公司同时确保了英语贺卡的供应充足。这样，他们的顾客既可以展示他们时尚的世界性眼光，同时也可以向他们的爱人传达最重要的爱的信息。2.作为一种通用语，英语只不过是一种有用的工具:它是一种“交流的语言”， 是一种由其使用者赋予了不同民族、地区、地方和个人文化特色的物质媒体。英语本身并没有这种身份，它也不是一种“身份识别语言”。而且，由于全球英语功能用法的多样性，英语在促进国际理解方面也具有巨大潜力。不同的使用者必须始终制定出一个共同的行为和跨文化基础。2. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write you

6、r translation on the Answer Sheet.农历十二月初八是中国的传统节日腊八节，腊代表中国农历的十二月，而八是数字“八”的发音，因此，这个节日被称为腊八节。关于腊八起源的传说有很多，我们已经不能辨其真假。时至今日，我们确定的是这个节日起初是为了祭祀祖先，祈求丰收。从传统上讲，腊八粥是腊八节最重要的元素。粥要熬制数小时，然后作为祭品祭献给祖先。【答案】The Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lun

7、ar Chinese calendar. La is the name given to the 12th lunar month and 8 is pronounced as ba in Chinese, which translated is Laba. There are several legends about the origin of this festivity and we could not tell which one is true. But what we know today is that this festival started as a sacrificia

8、l offering to ancestors. It was also a time for the ancient Chinese to pray to heaven and earth that there would be a bountiful harvest. Traditionally, the Laba rice porridge is the most important element of the festival. The porridge must be boiled for many hours and then offered as a sacrifice to

9、the ancestors.3. 单选题Our license will（ ）next week，so we shall need a new one.问题1选项A.exploreB.denyC.expireD.explode【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explore“探索，探测”；B选项deny“否认，拒绝”；C选项expire“期满，终止”；D选项explode“爆炸，激增”。根据句意“我们的执照下周就要到期了，所以我们需要一个新的。”选项C符合句意。4. 单选题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten bl

10、anks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word table following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the table is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer

11、 Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the table more than once.Many American students（1）higher education to prepare for professional employment. In your academic training you will need to begin planning for the（2）from college to career. A career is really a processit is how you progress throug

12、h a （3）of jobs and occupations during your working years. A college education can help you get started on your career journey.In America society, the type of occupational fields you choose and jobs you hold（4）your entire lifestyle: your concept, income, prestige, choice of friends, and where you wil

13、l live. This freedom to choose from thousands of employment choices can be（5）or troublingif you dont know where and how to begin.Career planning is a comprehensive process that takes much time and（6）. Career planning can greatly increase your（7）of obtaining employment in the occupation you choose. H

14、owever, career planning includes much more than a job search. It begins with carefully considering what you want and need in life.Career planning can be divided into four（8）steps that include self-assessment, occupational exploration and selection, career preparation, and job seeking. Although each

15、students goal will be（9）, one suggested timetable to help you keep on course is to complete one step in each university year. Your（10）may be longer or shorter depending on your career goal.问题1选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effo

16、rtK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题2选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题3选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.schedu

17、leH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题4选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题5选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.ser

18、iesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题6选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题7选项A.transmis

19、sionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题8选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.p

20、ursueO.transition问题9选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题10选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.p

21、rospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition【答案】第1题:N第2题:O第3题:D第4题:L第5题:C第6题:J第7题:K第8题:B第9题:H第10题:G【解析】第1题:1.此空应填一个动词，因此FMLN可选，此处句意为一些美国学生为了就业做准备而追求更高的教育。N项符合句意。2.此空应填一个名词，transmission“传播，传染”；transition“过渡”。句意：在你求学时你应该做好从大学向就业的过渡。故O项正确。3.a series of“一系列的”。4.句意：在美国社会，你选择的职业领域和工作会影响你的整个生活方式。5.由o

22、r troubling可知此空应填与troubling意思相反的形容词，故C项正确。6.由time and可知此空应填名词，句意：职业规划是一个需要花时间和努力的复杂过程。7.prospect“前途，前景”。句意：职业规划可以极大地增加你所选择的职业领域获得工作的前景。8.由that从句的内容可知此空应填continual“持续不断的”。9.句意：尽管每个学生的目标是不同的。10.由longer or shorter可推知G项正确。句意：根据你的职业目标，你的日程表可能长也可能短。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:第6题:第7题:第8题:第9题:第10题:5. 单选题Electrical res

23、istance is a common property of all materials,（ ） .问题1选项A.differs only in degreeB.only in degree it differsC.it only differs in degreeD.differing only in degree【答案】D【解析】考查分词结构。分析句子结构可知，两个独自的句子用逗号隔开且没有连词，说明后半句应使用非谓语成分，即动词的分词形式或不定式，这里只有选项D是非谓语结构，所以选项D正确。6. 单选题The old couple decided to（ ） a boy and a g

24、irl though they had three of their own.问题1选项A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。adapt“适应”；bring“带来”；receive“接受”；adopt“采取，收养”。句意：这对老夫妻决定收养一个男孩和一个女孩，尽管他们自己已经有三个小孩了。D项符合题意。7. 单选题When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth

25、. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thoma

26、s Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A, you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. and is famous law of diminishing returns begins t

27、o take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24,000, while the full professors managed to earn just $23,030.A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized

28、 fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world.If you

29、 become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, driving

30、cars, waiting on tables, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the doorkeeper earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make

31、you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1.According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who（ ） .2.Many Ph. D s are out of a job because（ ）.3.The nation is only interested in people（ ）.4.Which of the

32、following is Not true?5.The writer sees education as（ ）.问题1选项A.will not be a disgrace to societyB.will become loyal citizensC.can take care of themselvesD.can meet the nations demands as a source of manpower问题2选项A.they are improperly educatedB.they are of little commercial value to their societyC.th

33、ere are fewer jobs in high schoolsD.they prefer easier jobs that make more money问题3选项A.with diplomasB.who specialize in physics and chemistryC.who are valuable to the gross national productD.both A and C问题4选项A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before pu

34、rsuing a master degree.C.The higher your education level, the more money youll earn.D.If you are too well-educated, youll be over-educated for societys demands.问题5选项A.a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a countrys demands for technical workersB.a way to br

35、oaden ones horizonsC.more important than finding a jobD.an opportunity that everyone should have【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your socie

36、ty. 他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，社会希望教育能够转向培养出作为人力资源来满足国家需要的人才。选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“你只能到目前为止把收入水平与教育水平等同起来。也就是说，要让你对国民生产总值有用，但又不能让任何人从你身上赚取太多利润。”由此可知，很多博士生失业，正是因为对社会没有什么商业价值，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。本题的答案定位也是在原文最后一个自然段。根据上一题可知，国家只对那些国民生产总值有价值的人感兴趣。所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“Do you know,

37、 for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? 比如说，你知道吗?长途卡车司机的年收入比全职教授要高。”由此可知，并不是教育水平越高，赚的钱就越多。所以选项C不正确。5.判断推理题。原文第一自然段提及“当你的父母建议你接受教育以提高你的收入时，他们只告诉了你一半的真相。他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，作者认为教育不仅仅是一种提供工作保障和财政保障的手段，也是一种满足国家对技术工人需求的手段，所以选项A符合原文。8.

38、 单选题Can you find（ ） at the hotel for the night?问题1选项A.lodgingsB.accommodationsC.placesD.houses【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。lodging“寄宿”；accommodation“住处，膳宿”；place“地方”；house“住宅，家庭”。句意：你今晚能在酒店找到地方住吗？B项符合题意。9. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following five underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on th

39、e Answer Sheet.Warning and other signs blamed for two million accidentsNearly two million drivers in the UK have had accidents due to “Baby On Board” signs and childrens toys that obscure their view, according to alarming new research.One in 20 motorists says stickers and playtime paraphernalia are

40、to blame for a collision-equivalent to 1. 85 million of Britains 37 million drivers.1.The revelation triggered a warning by road safety charity Brake to cut down on clutter in the car.Deputy chief executive Julie Townsend said “Baby On Board” signs are useful in alerting the emergency services that

41、a child may be involved in the event of a crash.“This help can become a hindrance if drivers display signs when their child isnt in the vehicle，” she said.2. “Worse still is the danger that can be posed by drivers blocking out their view by staining windows with lots of sign.”“Drivers1 priority shou

42、ld always be getting there safely without putting themselves, young passengers or other road users at risk.”3.A survey commissioned by price comparison website C found that 37 percent of parents have displayed signs and four out of five of them believe they improve safety4.But 46 per cent admit doin

43、g so at all timesregardless of whether or not their child is in the car and 15 per cent confess they only have them for their novelty value.The poll of 2, 000 drivers also found that 46 percent of drivers regard them as a hazard and 33 percent say they are tacky.“There are benefits and dangers to “B

44、aby on Board” signs. 5.They can offer useful information for nurses in the case of a crash but having too many novelty items displayed could be a safety issue,” said a Confused, com spokesman.【答案】1.因此，道路交通安全慈善机构Brake提醒大家清理车辆的相关物品。2.“更糟的是，如果车主在车窗上散乱地贴了很多车贴，会妨碍视线，造成危险。”3.比价网站C开展的一项调查发现，37%的父母使用了车贴，其中4

45、/5相信这能使行驶更安全。4.但有46%的受访者承认，不管孩子在没在车里，他们都会使用车贴，还有15%承认自己这样做只是因为新奇有趣。5.在遇到交通事故时，这种车贴可以为医护人员提供有用的信息，但如果车上贴了太多花里胡哨的车贴，就会造成安全隐患了。”10. 单选题Many women still feel that they are being （ ） by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.问题1选项A.held backB.held forthC.held onD.held out【答案】A【解

46、析】考查词组辨析。hold back“隐瞒，退缩，抑制，阻止”；hold forth“滔滔地说，提供”；hold on“不挂断电话”；hold out“伸出，提供”。句意：很多女性仍然认为男性文化阻碍了她们的发展，尤其是在职业领域。A项符合题意。11. 单选题If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very（ ）.问题1选项A.waxyB.slipperyC.stickyD.greasy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。waxy“蜡制的，柔软的”；slippery“狡猾的，不稳定的”；sticky“粘的，粘性的”；gre

47、asy“油腻的，油脂的，谄媚的”。句意：如果你在车底下修车，你通常会沾满油脂。D项符合题意。12. 单选题In our country, millions of ordinary men and women are working to（ ） poverty and backwardness.问题1选项A.figure outB.wipe outC.carry outD.take out【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项figure out“理解，算出”；B选项wipe out“消灭，消除”；C选项carry out“实行”；D选项take out“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我们伟大的社会主义

48、国家里，千百万普通男女正在为消除贫穷落后而无私地工作着。选项B符合句意。13. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic “Uncivilized Behaviors in Public” You should write at least 160 words and you should base your composition on the outline (in Chinese)below:1.在公共场合有哪些不文明行为2.造成这些不文明行为的原因3.怎样改进这些

49、不文明行为【答案】略14. 单选题Real-time web searchwhich scours only the latest updates to services like Twitteris currently generating quite a buzz because it can provide a glimpse of what people around the world are thinking or doing at any given moment. Interest in this kind of search is so great that, accordi

50、ng to recent leaks, Google is considering buying Twitter.The latest research from the interact search giant, though, suggests that real-time results could be even more powerfulthey may reveal the future as well as the present.Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian combined data from Google

51、 Trends on the popularity of different search terms with models used by economists to predict trends in areas such as travel and home sales. The result? Better forecasts in almost every case. It works because searches reveal something about peoples intentions. Google has demonstrated before that sea

52、rch data can predict flu outbreaks, and last week World Bank economist Erik Feyen said he could cut errors in a model that forecasts lending to the private sector by 15% using Google search data.But real-time results could have even more predictive power: knowing what people are actually doing, not

53、just thinking, at a particular instant gives a strong hint of the future consequences.Johan Bollen of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Alberto Pepe of the University of California, Los Angeles, applied a mood rating system to the text from over 10,000 Future Me emails sent in 2006 to gauge peoples

54、 hopes, fears and predictions for the future. They found that emails directed at 2007 to 2012 were significantly more depressed in tone than messages aimed at the subsequent six years. Could they have predicted the worlds current economic slump?Without more data, that is no more than an intriguing p

55、ossibility. So Bollen plans to look at more Future Me emails, as well as Twitter messages, to search for mood swings that foreshadow other economic changes. If he finds any such links, the same sources might be used to try and predict future economic fluctuations.So will our online footsteps become

56、a central part of economic forecasting? Well have to wait and seeor perhaps do a quick web search.1.What is “real-time” web search like Twitter?2.What is the result of research established by Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian?3.What can we infer from Para. 5?4.Whats the meaning of “Wi

57、thout more data, that is no more than an intriguing possibility.”？5.Whats the attitude of author to real-time search?问题1选项A.It tells us what people did in past days.B.It generates quite a buzz in recent days.C.It provides latest news about everything.D.It informs what people do in the future.问题2选项A.

58、They gain nothing special from the combination of data and models.B.They indeed reveal something about peoples intentions in such areas.C.They find that the future trends cannot be predicted from the research.D.They totally understand the future trends of these areas from research.问题3选项A.It is possi

59、ble for researchers to get some hints from the Future Me emails.B.There is no relationship between the depression and economic slump.C.There is a potential relationship between depression and economic slump.D.The Future Me emails may indicate peoples reaction about future prediction.问题4选项A.More data

60、 are necessary to turn this possibility to be reality.B.The possibility is just all intriguing possibility without data.C.No amount of data cannot be a strong proof for the possibility.D.More data are needed to turn it out to be a pure possibility.问题5选项A.Negative.B.Critical.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferen

61、t.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Real-time web searchwhich scours only the latest updates to services like Twitteris currently generating quite a buzz because it can provide a glimpse of what people around the world are thinking or doing at any given moment. 实时网络搜索像twitter一样只搜索最新的信息目前正引起相当大的轰动，因为它可以让人们窥见世界各地人们在任何特定时刻的所思所为。”可知实时的网络搜索可以实时提供人们的信息，故C项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“The result? Better forecasts in almost eve