2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第5期

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The course normally attracts 20 students per year, （ ）up to half will be from overseas.问题1选项A.in whichB.for whomC.with whichD.of whom【答案】D【解析】句意: 这门课程通常每年会吸引二十名学生，其中有一半是留学生。语法题。考查定语从句。题干后半部分为定语从句修饰先行词20 students。定语从句中缺少关系词。选项D中, of表示 “在中”, 后面接关系代词which。2. 单

2、选题He said that hed sooner die than （ ）.问题1选项A.betrayB.to betrayC.betrayedD.begraying【答案】A【解析】句意: 他声称自己宁死也不会背叛自己的祖国。固定搭配。 had sooner+动词原形+than do sth. 宁可做某事而不做某事。3. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier

3、age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers, and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible mom

4、entum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the t

5、rend toward independence. The current generation of home-alones came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy workers have embraced a

6、 free market in love as well as economics. Modem Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens

7、. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together s

8、uggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who live

9、s alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman an

10、d Prince Charming, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for g

11、oing dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because （ ）.2.What is said about European society in t

12、he passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they h

13、ave embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small families.B.It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.C.It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D.It is being threatened by irresistible pr

14、ivatization.问题3选项A.warm and lightheartedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modem women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to fee

15、l lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earnersB.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C.To examine the trend of young people living alone.D.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships【答案】第1题:A第2

16、题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century (从家庭生活向独身生活方式的转变是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分)。故选A(他们受到强烈的个人主义意识驱使)。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: The current generation of hom

17、e-alones came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism(当代独自生活的这一代人的成长时期正是欧洲从社会民主政治过渡到更精明、更个性化的美国风格 的资本主义气候的时期)。因此B项(接近美国风格的资本主义)正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第三段: While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large prop

18、ortion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice(虽然领取养老金的人，特别是老年妇女，在独居者中占很大比例，但最新的单身人群是30多岁和40多岁的高收入者，他们越来越把独居视为一种生活方式选择), 因此选D: 最新的单身人群是healthy and wealthy(健康富有)。4.判断推理题。由题干关键词Eppendorf定位至最后一段: sh

19、e says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life(她从未想要去做她母亲所做的一切一一为了照顾家庭，抚育儿女而放弃事业。我已 做了并一直在做想做的事：过一种自主的生活)。由此可知, A项(一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活)正确。5.作者意图题。本文主要写的是新一代的年轻人受到社会和经济的影响越来越趋向于个人独居生活，尤

20、其是欧洲青年单身化趋势的原因。故C项(探讨年轻人独居趋势)比较能概括作者的写作目的。4. 单选题Ever since the presidents sexual scandal was made public, there has been a （ ）fall in hispopularity.问题1选项A.domesticB.imaginaryC.drasticD.numerous【答案】C【解析】句意: 自从总统的性丑闻公开以来，他的声誉持续急剧下降。形容词辨析。domestic 国内的,家庭的; imaginary想象中的，幻想的; drastic急剧的，严厉的; numerous众多的

21、，许多的。故C符合句意。5. 单选题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 to 8 hours sleep alternation with some 16 to 17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent th

22、is cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally, takes from five

23、days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, a

24、nd 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of pe

25、rmanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among

26、those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person h

27、as adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does

28、 so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be us

29、ed as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1.Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in （ ）.3.The

30、best solution for implementing the 24-liour working system seems to be（ ）.4.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of

31、 sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the intro

32、duction of automationB.the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have l

33、onger shiftC.to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when

34、 the routine is changedD.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working

35、 system.C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: The question is no mere academic one.The case, for examp

36、le, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines (这已经不是一个学术的问题。例如，在需要机器24小时连续工作的自动化操作的工业生产中，需要人们从白天工作变为晚上工作的问题变得越来越重要了)。故选C“因为一些工业领域要求上夜班”。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: It norm

37、ally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night (通常一个人需要五天至一周的时间来适应与常规生活颠倒的睡眠吋间和猜 醒时间，即白天睡觉，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week (不幸的是，在工业生产中

38、，工作班次每星期都变换的事经常发生)。故选B “频繁更换工作吋间的工人的日常生活周期被打乱”。3.细节事实题。第三段第一句指出: The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers (看来，唯一真正可以解决问题的方法就是将晚班交给一些长期上夜班的工人)。故选C“安排一些人只上夜班”。4.细节事实题。第四段指出: People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperatu

39、re during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night (白天正常工作的人， 在其清醒的时间内，体温通常都比较高，但是在夜晚则比较低)。因此选D “人在工作效率高吋，休温都比较高”。5.判断推理题。根据第四段.it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection (可以了解到个人是如何快速适应正常时间的颠倒，同时也可成为筛选的基础)以及So far, how

40、ever, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice (然而，到目前为止，这种形式的筛选似乎并没有在实践中得到应用)可知选择永久的夜间值班者仅仅是一种基础的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故选项B错误。根据最后一段One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperat

41、ure during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night (了解一个人何时适应的一种方法是测量他的体温。白天正常工作的人在清醒的时候会有高温，晚上会有低温)可知选项A “体温可以作为衡量工人工作的一个指标”正确。根据最后一段Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a revers

42、ed routine (因此，在清醒期间每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快地适应一个颠倒的习惯) 可知选项C “每隔一段吋间测量体温，可以显示个人是如何适应常规变化”正确。根据第三段She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work (她发现在日班

43、和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障碍和其他障碍的发生率很高，但在长期夜班的人中，这些现象没有异常发生) 可知选项D “长期上夜班的或上长白班的人很少出现睡眠被打乱的现象”正确。6. 翻译题Put the following sentences into Chinese.In industrialized countries, machines accomplish the very tiring physical work that unskilled laborers used to do in both manufacturing and agriculture.Imagine the earth

44、reduced to the size of a marble but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the k

45、ind of lives they have to live.The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia.Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands

46、 and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch.Electric power was too important to human beings. Shutting it off for even a short time would have let to complete confusion.Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong, and are loved for no other reason than just because the

47、y exist.Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.Evidence of the moderation of the major parties is that much business is conducted across party lines.It has been found tha

48、t day-dreaming improves a persons ability to be better adapted to practical, immediate concerns, to solve everyday problems, and to come up more readily with new ideas.【答案】在工业化国家，机器完成相当繁重的体力活，即非技术工人曾经在制造业和农业所做的工作。设想一下地球缩小到玻璃弹子的大小，但仍然有同样的质量和重力，你就能对黑洞的力量有所了解了。重要的是，在对与我们不同的人以及他们所过的生活有足够的了解之前，我们应当避免先入为主

49、。准则规定，当病人承受着极大的痛苦，没有治愈的可能，并且再三要求的情况下才能服用安乐死。力争在其他方而有所突破的工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。电力对人类非常重要。短时间的电源切断都可能导致整体混乱。成功的育儿之道源于让孩子知道，他们属于这个家庭，他们被宠爱,不因为别的，只因为他们自身的存在。由于没有健康的自尊心，他们在处理问题时，不是提出问题，而是用行动把问题表现出来，或是退缩以及采取对自己和他人保持冷漠的态度。主要政党采取温和的政策,证据是许多事务都是超越党派界限进行的。研究发现，做白日梦能提高一个人的能力，使其能更好地适应实践性和紧急性的事务，来解决日常问

50、题，并且能更快想出新的办法。7. 单选题Basic research provides the （ ）fund of scientific knowledge, on which the applied researchers draw to give society a rich rate of interest.问题1选项A.capitalB.endowedC.enhancedD.initiative【答案】A【解析】句意: 基础研究为科学知识提供了资本基金，应用研究人员从中提取资本基金后以高利率回报社会。形容词辨析。Capital fund资本基金; endowed fund捐助基金;

51、enhanced fund增强型基金; initiative fund项目基金。因此A符合句意。8. 单选题There was only a small （ ）in the citys population over the last ten years.问题1选项A.intimacyB.immortalityC.incidenceD.increment【答案】D【解析】句意: 在过去十年内这个城市的人口只有一个小幅度的增加。名词辨析。Intimacy亲密，隐私; immortality永生,不朽; incidence发生率, 影响; increment增加。故D项符合句意。9. 单选题Fra

52、nces （ ）of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.问题1选项A.assumptionB.consumptionC.resumptionD.presumption【答案】C【解析】句意: 上个月法国恢复在南太平洋的核试验引起了政治辩论和群众的抗议。形近词辨析。Assumption假定，假设; consumption消费; resumption恢复; presumption推测，假定。因此C符合句意。10. 单选题The man

53、ager is so much under the influence of his secretary that she is the （ ）head of the department.问题1选项A.potentialB.virtualC.probableD.natural【答案】B【解析】句意: 老板受到了他秘书的极大影响以至于她是实质上的老板了。形容词辨析。Potential有潜力的; virtual实质上的; probable可能的; natural自然的。因此B符合句意。11. 单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebra

54、ted on December 25th （ ）the birth ofJesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】句意: 圣诞节是基督教祌圣的日子，通常在12月25日举行庆祝，以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。短语辨析。in accordance with 依照, 与一致; in terms of 就而言, 根据；in favor of 赞成; in honor of向 表示敬意, 为庆祝。故D符合句意。12. 单选题If I （ ）harder at school, I wo

55、uld be sitting in a comfortable office now.问题1选项A.workedB.were to workC.had workedD.were working【答案】C【解析】句意: 如果我上学的时候努力学习，现在我就坐在一间舒适的办公室里了。语法题。考查虚拟语气。前半句是对过去事实的一种假设, 因此应该用过去完成时。13. 单选题He stood there, （ ）a pen.问题1选项A.asking forB.ask forC.asked forD.to ask for【答案】A【解析】句意:他站在那, 想要一只笔。语法题。考查动词的-ing形式作状语

56、。此处已有谓语动词stood，所以后面是ask的Ing 形式作伴随状语。故选A。14. 单选题No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to（ ）问题1选项A.the otherB.any otherC.anotherD.other【答案】A【解析】句意: 讨论中，双方未达成协议，因为双方都不愿意让步。代词辨析。由句中neither side推断出有两方，两方中另一方用the other。15. 单选题It is not （ ）much the language as the backgr

57、ound that makes the book difficult to understand.问题1选项A.thatB.asC.soD.very【答案】C【解析】句意:这本书的语言不如背景让其难以理解。固定搭配。not so as “不如”。由句中关键词“not” 与“as”的对应知这里表示一种否定的同级比较，故C项“so”正确。16. 单选题One of the favorite foods in the United States is the hamburger, a kind of flat round bread with fine-cut beef in between. Th

58、e favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes to get it over the counter, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant to eat it in their cars or in their homes. At so

59、me fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. Most of the restaurants sell hamburgers or other popular foods among Americans. In addition, there are many fast food restau

60、rants that serve Chinese food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice cream. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life. First, they are not formal restaurants. Peopl

61、e wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore, people can often eat at a fast fo

62、od restaurant without spending too much money, while they may not be able to go to more expensive rest1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?2.Fast food restaurants are popular because they （ ）.3.According to the writer, American people（ ）.4.According to the passage, the favorite restaurants in the U.S. are（ ）.5.The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.Chinese food is also served in some fast food restaurantsB.People can have almost every kind of food in fast food restaurantsC.Fast food can be taken out of the restaurantsD.Fast food can be taken out of th