2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第14期

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Here _ you want to see.问题1选项A.comes the girlB.come does the girlC.the girl comesD.coming the girl is【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：你想见的女孩来了。here位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式，倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，所以A选项comes the girl符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题These desks and seats can be _ to the height to

2、any child.问题1选项A.adaptedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.attached【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapted“适应”；B选项adopted“采用”；C选项adjusted“调整；校正”；D选项attached“附加”。句意：这些课桌和椅子可以_到任何孩子的高度。根据语境，这里是指这些课桌和椅子可以调整高度，所以adjusted“调整”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knewthat a cup of tea i

3、s the answer to any crisis.Dr. Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people following a （1） situation and revealed that even a single cup of tea has a （2） calming effect. His team gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and （3） offered h

4、alf of them a cup of tea and the other half a glass of water. The water groups anxiety levels soared （4） 25 percent compared with before the task, （5） the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxietydespite the difficult test, they were relaxed than when they stared.According to a

5、 survey carried out for the research, 68 percent of Britons （6） tea in a dilemma, making it the nations most common response to trouble of （7） kind. About 60percent said the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on. “The （8） of making and drinking teaparticularly d

6、uring times of stressis at the very （9） of British culture,” Cross said.This study shows that the social psychological （10） of tea enhance the effects of its chemical make-up on our bodies and brains.问题1选项A.light-heartedB.seriousC.comfortableD.stressful问题2选项A.significantB.rigorousC.severeD.selective

7、问题3选项A.previouslyB.afterwardsC.besidesD.lately问题4选项A.onB.inC.byD.at问题5选项A.whileB.howeverC.meanwhileD.nevertheless问题6选项A.give upB.owe toC.look onD.turn to问题7选项A.whicheverB.whateverC.howeverD.whoever问题8选项A.ceremonyB.functionC.ritualD.observance问题9选项A.beginningB.momentC.endD.core问题10选项A.aspectsB.facesC

8、.sitesD.ways【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。A选项light-hearted“轻松的”；B选项serious“严肃的”；C选项comfortable“惬意的”；D选项stressful“紧张的，有压力的”。句意：伦敦城市大学的心理学家马尔科姆克罗斯博士测试了一组人在_情况下的焦虑水平，发现即使是一杯茶也有镇静作用。根据语境，需要镇静的情况只有当人处于紧张的状态，所以stressful“紧张的，有压力的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.考查形容词辨析。A选项significant“

9、有效的”；B选项rigorous“严密的”；C选项severe“严峻的；剧烈的”；D选项selective“有选择性的”。句意：发现即使是一杯茶也有_的镇静作用。根据语境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比较合理，符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.考查词义辨析。A选项previously“预先”；B选项afterwards“然后”；C选项besides“以及”；D选项lately“近来”。句意：他的团队给42名志愿者进行了心算测试，_给其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根据语境和横线前面的and得知是先做测试再给水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合题意。因此B选项正

10、确。4.考查固定搭配。A选项soar on非固定搭配；B选项soar in非固定搭配；C选项soar by“激增了”；D选项“激增到”。句意：与任务前相比，喝水对比组的焦虑水平飙升_25%。根据下文the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety（喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%），可知这里在对喝水对比组和喝茶对比组的结果进行说明，可推测结果在内容方面一致，所以soar by“激增了”符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.考查语法。句意：_喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%。4个选项意思都为然而。A选项while引

11、导从句；B选项however，C选项meanwhile和D选项nevertheless后面紧跟逗号，横线后面为完整的从句，所以A选项while符合题意。因此A选项正确。6.考查词组辨析。A选项give up“放弃”；B选项owe to“由于”；C选项look on“看待”；D选项turn to“求助于”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会_喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指人们选择通过喝茶帮助自己脱离那个焦虑的困境，所以turn to“求助于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7.考查代词辨析。A选项whichever“无论哪个”；B选项whate

12、ver“无论什么”；C选项however“无论如何”；D选项whoever“无论是谁”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会求助于喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对_种类的麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指无论遇到什么麻烦，人们选择喝茶，所以whatever“无论什么”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项ceremony“（公共或宗教的）典礼；（正式或传统的）礼节”；B选项function“盛大的集会”；C选项ritual“习惯；（尤指）宗教仪式”；D选项observance“宗教（或传统节日）的仪式”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的_尤其是在压力大的时候。根据语境，

13、在压力大的时候喝茶是一种习惯，所以ritual“习惯”符合题意。因此C选项正确。9.考查形容词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”；B选项moment“时刻”；C选项end“结束”；D选项core“核心”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的习惯尤其是在压力大的时候是英国文化的_。根据语境，这里指喝茶是英国文化中不容忽视的一部分，所以core“核心”符合题意。因此D选项正确。10.考查形容词辨析。A选项aspects“方面”；B选项faces“表面；面部”；C选项sites“地点”；D选项ways“方法”。句意：这项研究表明，茶在社会心理_增强了其化学成分对我们身体和大脑的影响。根据语境，这里是指从社会心理的

14、角度来说，茶对我们的影响更大了，所以aspects“方面”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. （1） that logic. 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still （2） in their minds. Americans watched hurrican

15、e Katrina, the most expensive disasterIn U.S. history, on. （3） TV. Anyone who didnt know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made （4） worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our （5） to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted, some amount of d

16、elusion(错觉)is probably part of the （6） condition. In A.D.63 Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake and the locals immediately went to work （7） in the same spot-until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a （8） of the past year in disaster history suggests that

17、 modern Americans are particularly bad at （9） themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we （10） did about the dangers we face. But it turns out that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is rarely the storm, the quake or the surge itself. More often it is ourselves.问题1选项A.ToB.ByC.OnD.Fo

18、r问题2选项A.freshB.obviousC.apparentD.evident问题3选项A.visualB.vividC.liveD.lively问题4选项A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much问题5选项A.reluctanceB.rejectionC.denialD.decline问题6选项A.naturalB.socialC.worldD.human问题7选项A.revisingB.refiningC.rebuildingD.retrieving问题8选项A.reviewB.reminderC.conceptD.prospect问题9选项A.preparingB.prot

19、estingC.protectingD.prevailing问题10选项A.neverB.everC.thenD.Before【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B【解析】1. 考查介词辨析。通过对前句humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.（人类只有在遭受灾难之后才会认真地避免灾难），于是后句紧跟的连词应该是表示解释说明，而A项to“至于”，C项on“在上面”，D项for为因果连词，只有by可以表示通过

20、。2. 考查词义辨析。A项“新鲜的”，B、C、D三项都是明显的意思，evident多用于推理及抽象的事；obvious多用于指“容易知道或发现，无须解释或证明的”的事；apparent多用于指“一目了然的”的事，或者“思想上容易理解的”的事，根据文章的意思，此处应该是表示记忆犹新的意思，因此A项fresh符合题意。3. 考查词义辨析题。C项live这个单词除了有生活的意思之外，还有现场直播的意思。A项“视觉的”，B项“生动活泼的”，D项“活泼的”，vivid指人的表情、故事等“生动”“逼真” “活泼”等；lively指人及生物等充满生机和活力，即“活泼的”、“充满生气的”根据句意：美国人通过电

21、视直播观看了卡特里娜飓风，这是美国历史上最昂贵的灾难。可知C项符合。4. 考查比较级。在比较级前面添加副词，只能用副词原级，不能再用比较级，因此B和C错误。根据文章的感情色彩，文章表示的是贬义，因此用much不用little。5. 考查词义辨析。A项reluctance“不情愿”，B项“拒绝”，C项denial“否定”， D项“拒绝”。B项和D项中reject一般指否决、不予接受（建议，提议，想法和要求等）；decline表示“婉拒”。通过分析这个复杂句我们看到了前面的一个关键词willful blindness“盲目”。该句句意：由于我们任性的盲目冒险以及我们 在一切陷入困境之前共同努力，使

22、他们变得更加糟糕。而这里用A项reluctance，正好和前面的willful“故意的”成反义词对应。6. 考查词义和句意理解。固定搭配human condition“人的生存条件”，该句句意：诚然，一定程度的错觉可能是 的一部分。根据前文所说人们不愿意共同努力，可知人们有这种想法是受生存条件的影响，第二段后文通过举例来阐释这句话。所以此处选D项。A项“自然条件”，B项“社会条件”，C项“世界状况”，均不符合文意。7. 考查词义辨析。A项“修订”，B项“提炼”，C项“重建”，D项“重新得到”。该句句意：公元63年，庞贝城被一场地震严重破坏，当地人立即前往同一地点进行 。句子前面的连词and，表

23、示两句并列。地震之后要干什么呢？当然就是重建了。所以此处选择C项。8. 考查词义辨析。A项“回顾”，B项“提醒，暗示”C项“概念”，D项“希望”。句子开头一个强转折but，表示后面要说的和前面的内容是相反的意思。同时，后面有一个history，通过这个单词就知道前面用review。该句句意：但 过去一年的灾难史，可以发现现代美国人，故选A。9. 考查固定搭配。C项protect sb. from sth保护某人免受某事。A项prepare“准备”，B项protest“抗议”，D项prevail“流行，成功”。结合句意：现代美国人尤其不善于 自己免受威胁，故选C。10. 考查词义辨析。本句中di

24、d是用助动词取代实意动词know，因此这里的连词只能用ever表示以前，而before做副词时一定放在句末或后跟名词，所以此处的句意：对于我们所面临的灾难，我们比以前知道的更多。因此只有B项符合。5. 单选题The doctor enjoyed both his work and his life. He had never felt any _ between these two things.问题1选项A.conflictB.constrictC.constructD.constraint【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”；B

25、选项constrict“约束；收缩”；C选项construct“建造；构造”；D选项constraint“限制；约束”。句意：这位医生热爱他的工作和生活。在这两件事之间，他从未感觉到任何_。根据语境，同时热爱工作和生活，表明这两者没有矛盾，conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Tea dinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain w

26、ere much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it w

27、as a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ship

28、s of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. U

29、ntil then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they mus

30、t copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a

31、duchess found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four oclock stopped her getting a sinking feeling as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her, and tea-time was born.1. Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?2. This passage

32、mainly discusses _.3. Tea became a popular drink in Britain _.4. People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because _.5. We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of _.问题1选项A.The Britons got expensive tea from India.B.Tea reached Brita

33、in from Holland.C.The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.D.It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.问题2选项A.the history of tea drinking in BritainB.how tea became a popular drink with milkC.how a duchess got the habit of drinking tea in the afternoonD.how tea-time

34、 was born问题3选项A.in eighteenth centuryB.in sixteenth centuryC.in seventeenth centuryD.in the late seventeenth century问题4选项A.it tasted like milkB.it tasted more pleasantC.it became a popular drinkD.Madame de Sevigne was influential问题5选项A.a famous French ladyB.the ancient ChineseC.the upper social clas

35、sD.people in Holland【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第三句It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland（在商店里买不到茶，有的人让人从荷兰寄来茶），可知B选项“茶叶是从荷兰传入英国的”正确。根据第二段第一句Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East In

36、dia Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.（在17世纪早期东印度公司的船只开始直接从中国运茶之前，茶叶在英国一直稀缺且非常昂贵。），可知A选项“英国人从印度买到昂贵的茶叶”错误；在这之前英国人从荷兰卖茶，故D选项“直到17世纪，英国人才开始喝茶”错误。C选项“英国人是最先在欧洲喝茶的人”：文章没有提到在欧洲没有提到哪个国家最先喝茶，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.主旨大意题。根据整篇文章从英国从古至今在各个时期不同茶的来源方式、饮茶方式和习惯等，可知这篇文章在讲英国饮茶的历史，故

37、A选项“英国饮茶的历史”正确。B选项“茶如何和牛奶一起成为一种受欢迎的饮料”，C选项“公爵夫人是如何养成下午喝茶的习惯的”和D选项“下午茶是如何诞生的”是其中一部分内容，故错误。因此A选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第二段in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.（17世纪早期，在接下来的几年里，大量茶叶流入这个国家，导致价格下降，许多人买得起。）

38、，可知在17世纪早期，茶在英国受欢迎，故C选项“17世纪”正确。A选项“18世纪”，B选项“16世纪”和D选项“17世纪后期”错误。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第三段第二、四、五句Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added Because she was such a great lady her frien

39、ds thought they must copy everything she didSlowly this habit spread until it reached England.（在那之前，人们喝茶不加牛奶，直到一位名叫塞维尼夫人的法国著名女士决定看看牛奶加茶是什么味道。因为她是如此伟大的一位女士，她的朋友们认为她们必须模仿她所做的一切慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国），可知是因为塞维尼夫人的影响人们开始喝茶加奶，故D选项“塞维尼夫人很有影响力”正确。A选项“它尝起来像牛奶”和B选项“它尝起来更美味”：奶加上茶的口感是欧洲人持续这样喝的原因，故错误。C选项“它成为了一种受欢迎的饮料”：这是

40、欧洲人喝茶加奶的结果，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.判断推理题。根据第三段第五句Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.（慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国，直到今天，只有很少的英国人喝茶不加牛奶。），可知英国喝茶主要受法国影响，法国主要受塞维尼夫人影响，故A选项“著名的法国女士”正确。B选项“古代中国”：文中只说欧洲对茶的了解慢于中国，没有提到古代中国和英国人喝茶的因果关系。C选项“上层阶级”：没有提到塞维尼夫人是什么阶层，其他地方也

41、没有强调上层阶级。D选项“荷兰人”：最初英国从荷兰买茶，跟喝茶习惯没有直接因果关系。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题She cannot find her dictionary now. I think that she_ it in the classroom.问题1选项A.has to leaveB.must have leftC.leftD.will leave【答案】C【解析】考查过去时态。根据句意：她现在找不到字典了。我想她把它 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE _教室里了。应用过去时，故只有C符合。8. 翻译

42、题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be provided or withheld by management. Employment itself is such a means and so ar

43、e wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsistence level and is motivated primarily by higher needs. Management cannot

44、provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself, or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this c

45、reation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quite adequately for the satisfaction of physiological and safely needs. The onl

46、y significant exception is where management practices have not created confidence in a “fair break” and thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has deprived itself of the ability to use as motivators the devices on which conventi

47、onal theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incentives, or threats and other coercive devices.4. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motivate because the human needs on which this approach relies are today unimporta

48、nt motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essentially useless in motivating people whose important needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant to the situation. 5. People, deprived of opportunities to satisfy at work the

49、 needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as we right predict with indolence, passivity, resistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benefits. It would seem that we are caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考

50、译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。2. 【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。4. 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5

51、. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。9. 单选题We can _ with a lot of unhappiness by uncovering and discarding the beliefs that fuel it.问题1选项A.disposeB.dispenseC.dismissD.dispute【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。A选项dispose“处理；安排”，不与with连用；B选项dispense“分配；分发”，dispense

52、 with sth.“免除；省掉某物”；C选项dismiss“不予考虑；去除”，dismiss with“用去除”；D选项dispute“争论”dispute with“与辩论”。句意：我们可以通过揭露和抛弃加剧不快乐的信仰来_很多不快乐。根据语境，这里指去除不快乐的感受，所以B选项dispense with sth.“免除；省掉某物”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain

53、 had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas. Elizabeth, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands t

54、reasury and diminishing Spains supremacy. Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again.To satisfy his ambition a

55、nd also to retaliate against Englands theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Spanish Armada, in January 1586. Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited

56、 more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Amada could withstand any battle with England.The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to p

57、ort. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable. The Spanish feet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable. English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several shi

58、ps and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and di

59、sorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8.Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed

60、that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.1. Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spains _.2. King

61、Philip recruited many _ soldiers and sailors.3. The _ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.4. The two battles left the Spanish fleet _.5. The Armada was _ on one side.问题1选项A.unlimited powerB.unrestricted growthC.territoryD.treaties问题2选项A.warlikeB.strongC.accomplishedD.timid问题3选项A.completeB.warlikeC.independentD.isolated问题4选项A.open to changeB.triumphantC.open to attackD.defeated问题5选项A.closed offB.damagedC.aloneD.circled【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C