2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师点拨押题密卷30（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively（ ）by the use of humor.问题1选项A.acquaintedB.installedC.regulatedD.facilitated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint “使熟悉”；install “安装”；regulate “调节”；facilitate “促进”。句意：幽默可以有效促进职场员工的

2、凝聚力发展和团队合作意识。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes,（ ） more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.问题1选项A.have allowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。通过分析句子，可知句子缺少的是谓语动词，主语是the growth，谓语动词应该用单数，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题

3、Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.B.It is the worst managed airport in German history.C.It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.D.It has become something of a joke among Germans.问题2选项A.The city wan

4、ted to attract more tourists.B.The city wanted to boost its economy.C.The city had just been reunified.D.The citys airport are outdated.问题3选项A.Problems of different kinds kept popping up.B.Shortage of funding delayed its construction.C.The construction firm breached the contract.D.The municipal gove

5、rnment kept changing hands.问题4选项A.Complaints by local residents increase.B.Huge maintenance costs accumulate.C.All kinds of equipment gets rusted.D.Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】Recording ThreeToday Im going to talk about Germanys dream airport in Berlin. The airport

6、 looks exactly like every other major modern airport in Europe, except for one big problem: more than seven years after it was originally supposed to open, it still stands empty. Germany is known for its efficiency and refined engineering, but when it comes to its new ghost airport this reputation c

7、ould not be further from the truth. Plagued by long delays, perpetual mismanagement and ever-soaring costs, 22 the airport has become something of a joke among Germansand a source of frustration for local politicians, business leaders and residents alike.Planning for the new airport began in 1989. A

8、t the time, it became clear that 23 the newly-reunified Berlin would need a modern airport with far greater capacity than its existing airports. The city broke ground on the new airport in 2006. The first major sign of problems came in summer 2010, when the construction corporation pushed the openin

9、g from October 2011 to June 2012. In 2012, the city planned an opening ceremony but less than a month beforehand, inspectors found significant problems with the fire safety system and pushed the opening back again to 2013.It wasnt just the smoke system: 24 many other major problems subsequently emer

10、ged. More than 90 metres of cable were incorrectly installed; 4,000 doors were wrongly numbered; escalators were too short, and there was a shortage of check-in desks.So why, with so many problems discovered, didnt the airport corporation decide to give up on the project and start over? The reason i

11、s simple: people are often hesitant to terminate a project when theyve already invested time or resources into it, even if it might make logical sense to do so.The longer the delays continued, the more problems inspectors found. Leadership of the planning corporation has changed hands nearly as many

12、 times as the opening date has been pushed back. Initially, rather than appointing a general contractor to run the project, the corporation decided to manage it themselves despite lack of experience with an undertaking of that scale.To compound the delays, 25 the unused airport is resulting in massi

13、ve costs. Every month it remains unopened costs between 9 and 10 million euros.Assuming all goes well, the airport should open in October 2020. But the still-empty airport stands as the biggest embarrassment to Germanys reputation for efficiencyand a continuing drain on city and state resources.22.

14、What does the speaker say about the dream airport in Berlin?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者如何评价柏林的梦想机场？说话者提到该机场成了德国人的笑话，因此D选项“这在德国人中成了一个笑话”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它现在是欧洲最大最繁忙的机场”录音中并没有信息提及，并且这个机场尚未竣工，所以A选项可排除；B选项“它是德国历史上管理最差的机场”利用录音中perpetual mismanagement设干扰，录音只是提到机场长期管理不善，但无法知道是不是德国历史上最差的，因此排除B选项；C选项“它已经成为德国效率的典型象征”，录音

15、提到德国因为效率而闻名，但现在这个机场错漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C选项明显错误。23. Why was there a need for a new airport in Berlin?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问为何柏林需要一个新机场？录音提到，重新统一后的柏林需要一个比现有机场容量大得多的现代机场，说明现有机场的容量对重新统一后的柏林来说是不够的，无法匹配新时期的需求，也就是说“这个城市的机场已经过时”，因此D选项正确。A选项“这个城市想吸引更多游客”和B选项“这个城市想要发展经济”在录音中均未提及；C选项“这个城市刚刚重新统一”是对录音中newly-reunified的断章取义

16、，“重新统一”只是当时的时代背景，表明进入了一个新的时期，但并非计划兴建新机场的原因。24. Why did Berlin postpone the opening of its dream airport again and again?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问为什么柏林一再推迟其梦想机场的开放？录音提到，发现问题第一次推迟之后，又发现消防安全系统存在重大问题，接着再推迟，随后又出现了许多其他的主要问题，拖延的时间越长，检查发现的问题就越多。因此A选项“各种各样的问题不断涌现”正确。B选项“资金短缺延误了工程建设”和C选项“建筑公司违反了合同”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“市政府不断

17、更换”利用录音中的changed hands设干扰，更换的是规划公司的领导层，并不是市政府，因此D选项不正确。25. What happens while the airport remains unused?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问机场闲置时会发生什么？录音提到，闲置的机场造成了巨大的成本，因此B选项“巨大的维护成本会积累起来”正确。A选项“当地居民的抱怨增加”，录音中只是提到居民对于机场的态度是frustration“沮丧”，并没有提到居民的抱怨在增加，因此排除A选项。C选项“所有设备都生锈”和D选项“柏林的旅游业受到影响”在录音中均没有信息提及。4. 单选题Questions 1

18、3 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.B.They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.C.They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.D.They will buy something from the convenience stores.14.问题2选项A.They may eventually dri

19、ve one to bankruptcy.B.They should be done away with altogether.C.They are meant for the extremely wealthy.D.They can bring only temporary pleasures.15.问题3选项A.Small daily savings can make a big difference in ones life.B.A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.C.Retirement saving

20、s should come first in ones family budgeting.D.A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with ones colleagues.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A【解析】Passage TwoIts no accident that most gas stations have convenience stores attached. 13 Few of us can fill up the tank without buying a few snacks, cigarettes, sof

21、t drinks or other items we can live without. I deserve it. Thats what hard working men and women say to justify their lavish vacations, big stereo systems or regular restaurant meals. They do deserve such indulgences. However, they also deserve a home of their owna secure retirement and freedom from

22、 worrying about unpaid bills. No one should have to live with what a Texas mother described as constant stress, tension, even fear about money. 14 Sadly, the pleasure that comes from extravagances often disappears long before the bills do. The video camera that one single mother bought for a special

23、 occasion, for example, is not much fun now. Shes figured out that it will take her another three years to pay it off at $30 a month. And the New Yorkers who spent a bundle on an outdoor hot tub now admit they rarely use it, because we cant afford to heat it in winter. The solution: set prioritiesad

24、d up the annual cost of each item, then consider what else you could buy with the same money. That will help you decide which items are really worth it. One Chicago woman, for example, discovered that daily lunches with coworkers cost her $2,000 a year; she decided to take lunch to work instead. 15

25、“I now put $20 a week into my vacation fund and another 20 into retirement savings,” she says. “Those mean more to me than lunch.”13. What does the speaker say about drivers who stop at gas stations?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于停在加油站的司机，说话者说了什么？录音开头提到，大部分加油站旁边都会有便利店。很少人在加油站给车辆加油时不会顺道去买一些零食、烟、软饮料等。由此可知，D选项“他们会在

26、便利店买一些东西”正确。A选项“他们会挑选一些纪念品或者礼物”；B选项“他们会将车辆拿去清洗或进行其他服务”和C选项“他们会利用时间休息一会儿”在录音中均未提及。14. What does the speaker say about extravagances?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于奢侈，说话者说了什么？录音提到，一些努力工作赚钱的人认为他们花钱奢侈地度假、买巨型的立体音响，或者去餐馆吃饭都无可厚非，但是这种享受奢侈消费带来的快乐很短暂，通常在你的账单尚未还清时就已消失殆尽。由此可知，D选项“它们只能带来短暂的快乐”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它们最终会使人走向破产”；B选项“它

27、们应该被彻底摒弃”和C选项“它们代表着非常富有”均不正确。15. What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问说话者想通过芝加哥女士的例子表明什么？录音最后举了一个例子：一个生活在芝加哥的女士发现，自己每天跟同事一起吃午饭所花的钱一年累计下来达两千美元。后来该女士就开始自己带午餐。接着她说到自己如今每星期都会把节省下来的钱分别存储到旅游资金和退休积蓄上，对她来说这钱省下来比花在午餐上更加有意义。由此可知，A选项“每日少量的积蓄对个人生活意义重大”符合题意。B选项“如

28、果一个人每周节省20美元，度假是可以接受的”，录音中只提到女士每周把20美元存到旅游资金 中，并没有说节省下来的这笔钱就能负担得起旅游费用，因此排除B选项；C选项“退休储蓄应该排在家庭预算第一位”和D选项“交际的好方法就是与同事一起吃午饭”在录音中均没有信息提及，所以不正确。5. 单选题More than 100（ ）cats that used to roam the streets in a Chinese province have now been collected and organized into a tram to fight rodents that are destroy

29、ing crops.问题1选项A.looseB.tamedC.wildD.stray【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。loose “宽松的”；tamed “驯服的，平淡的”；wild “野生的”；stray “迷路的，流浪的”。句意：100多只曾经在中国某个省份街上流浪的猫被收留并被组织去对付破坏庄稼的啮齿动物。6. 单选题Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Population explosion.B.Extinction of rare species.C.Chronic hung

30、er.D.Environmental deterioration.问题2选项A.About half of them are unintended.B.They contribute to overpopulation.C.They have been brought under control.D.The majority of them tend to end halfway.问题3选项A.It is beginning to attract postgraduates attention.B.It is neglected in many of the developing countr

31、ies.C.It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.D.It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D【解析】Recording ThreeWhy should you consider taking a course in demography in college? Youll be growing up in a generation where the baby boomers are going into re

32、tirement and dying. You will face problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter whats really behind the

33、 arguments.I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population. So lets start with a few problems. 23 Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day, and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slu

34、ms, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they dont have infrastructure to take the garbage away, they dont have secure water supplies to drink.Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You cant read the labels on the b

35、ottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women dont have access to birth control they want, so that they can control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. 24 Abo

36、ut half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. Its not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses like influenza, the bac

37、teria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs, and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations, in the past, present and future, usin

38、g quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.I see demography as a central subject related to economics. It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world, 25 to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourselfimportant as that may bebut of people around

39、you and of other species with whom we share the planet.23. What is one of the problems the speaker mentions in his talk?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问说话者在他的讲话中提到的问题之一是什么？录音中段提到，说话人首先要向听众介绍几个人口问题，这些问题分别是：长期饥饿、贫困、文盲、妇女节育和意外怀孕的问题。四个选项中，只有C选项“长期饥饿”正确。A选项“人口爆炸”；B选项“稀有物种的灭绝”和D选项“环境恶化”录音中均没有信息涉及，因此可排除。24. What does the

40、speaker say about pregnancies?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于怀孕，说话者说了什么？录音中提及，全球意外怀孕的比率将近一半。A选项“其中大约有一半是无意中怀孕的”是录音原文原词的复现，因此正确。B选项“造成了人口过剩”；C选项“生育已得到了控制”和D选项“大部分在孕期中都容易流产”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。25. How does the speaker view the study of populations?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者如何看待人口研究？讲话人在最后表明，他认为人口统计学是 经济学的一个中心议题；是在现实世界中更明智、

41、更有效的干预手段；能改善人类的福祉，这不仅关乎我们自身，也关乎我们周围的人，以及与我们共享这个星球的其他物种。D选项“这对地球上所有物种的福祉至关重要”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它开始吸引研究生的注意”；B选项“许多发展中国家都忽视了它”和C选项“它正在成为跨学科研究的主题”，录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。7. 单选题Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.They have to learn how to avoid body contact.B.They need to keep

42、 moving to avoid getting hurt.C.They believe in team spirit for good performance.D.They are likely to get injured when moving too fast.问题2选项A.They keep themselves busy even after retirement.B.They do not start enjoying life until full retirement.C.They tend to live a longer life with early retiremen

43、t.D.They do not have many years to live after retirement.问题3选项A.It slows down our aging process.B.It prevents us from worrying.C.It enables us to accomplish more in life.D.It provides us with more chances to learn.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B【解析】Passage OneRelated to the “use it or lose it” law is the “keep

44、moving” principle. We learn about stagnation from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly. The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentally or physically. 9 Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually gets hurt the most is the one who is standing still. Of c

45、ourse, youll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential massage is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay in the harbor. The same is true for airplanes. You dont preserve an airplane by keeping it on the ground.

46、 You preserve it by keeping it in service. We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service. 10 Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesnt last very long after retirement. The more well hear is dont retire. If a fellow says “Im 94 years old and I worked all my life”, we

47、need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved. George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of 84, and Pablo Picasso put brush to canvas right through his eighties. Isnt the issue how old we think we

48、are? 11 A bonus with the “keep moving” principle is that while we keep moving, we dont have a chance to worry. Hence, we avoid the dreaded paralysis by analysis.9. What does the speaker say about players of contact sports?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问关于接触式运动的运动员，说话者说了什么？录音开头提到，从事接触式运动的人都知道，受伤最严重的往往是那些站着不动的人。B选项“

49、他们需要保持移动以免受伤”是此处的同义表述，因此B选项正确。录音中提及接触式运动是不可能避免身体接触的，因此A选项“他们必须学会如何避免身体接触”不正确；C选项“他们相信有团队精神才能取得好成绩”在录音中没有提及；录音中强调的是站着不动的人往往受伤最严重，因此D选项“移动速度过快时可能受伤”不正确。10. What do longevity statistics reveal about the average person?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问寿命统计数据揭示了普通人的什么？录音提到，寿命统计数据显示，一般人退休后活不了多久（the average person doesnt l

50、ast very long after retirement）。因此D选项“他们退休后没有多少年的生活时间”正确。本题的干扰项是A选项，录音中有提到几位名人在很大的年纪也一直忙个不停，但并没有说这是一般人退休后的状态，因此A选项不正确；B选项“他们直到完全退休后才开始享受生活”和C选项“提前退休他们往往寿命更长”在录音中均没有提及，因此可排除。11. What bonus does the “keep moving” principle bring us according to the speaker?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问“不断前进”的原则能给我们带来什么好处？录音最后部分提到：

51、“不断前进”原则的一个好处是，当我们不断前进时，我们没有机会担忧（we dont have a chance to worry），B选项是此处的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它减缓了我们的衰老过程”和C选项“它使我们能够在生活中取得更多成就”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“它为我们提供了更多的学习机会”主要是a chance造成了干扰，录音中说的是a chance to worry，并不是chances to learn，因此不正确。8. 单选题Right in the middle of the mayors speech that brought forth various reasons f

52、or the recent sharp rise in prices, an angry voice was heard in the crowd, “the government（ ）hanged!”问题1选项A.isB.wasC.beD.were【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在市长的演讲期间，他提出了价格最近急剧上涨的原因。人群中传来愤怒的声音：“政府应该被绞死”。此处考查的是省略了should的虚拟语气, 因此后面要用be，选项C符合题意。9. 单选题In both America and Europe, it is（ ）to tip the waiter or waitress

53、 anywhere from 10% to 20%.问题1选项A.elementaryB.temporaryC.voluntaryD.customary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。elementary “基本的”； temporary “暂时的”；voluntary “自愿的”；customary “习惯的”。句意：在美国和欧洲，给服务员百分之十到百分之二十的小费是一种习惯。选项D符合题意。 10. 单选题Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.To fight childhood

54、obesity.B.To help disadvantaged kids.C.To urge kids to follow their role models.D.To encourage kids to play more sports.问题2选项A.They are most effective when appearing on TV.B.They best boost product sales when put online.C.They are becoming more and more prevalent.D.They impress kids more than they d

55、o adults.问题3选项A.Do what they advocate in public.B.Always place kids interest first.C.Pay attention to their image before children.D.Message positive behaviors at all times.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D【解析】Recording ThreeToday, Id like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy ha

56、bits but at the same time promote junk food? 23 Currently, there is mounting criticism of Michelle Obamas Lets Move! Campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and has signed on singer Beyonce, and basketball player Shaquille ONeal, both of w

57、hom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Now theres a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrityespecially a professional athletecan be in influencing childrens behavior.In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University,

58、researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts. The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children. After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with th

59、e athletes, most involved sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder. Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes,

60、93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.Its no surprise that high profile athletes can influence childrens eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the childrens environment. Advertisements featuring professional athletes an

61、d their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure, on TV, radio, in print and online. And in 2010, 24 the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson

62、is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing. We cant expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar. At best, kids might be confused. At worst, theyll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water. But those two beverage

63、s arent the same.If children are turning to athletes as role models, its in their best interest if their idols are consistent. 25 Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.23. What is the aim of Michelle Obamas campaign?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问米歇尔奥巴马竞选的目的是什么？录音开头提到目前针对米歇尔奥巴马的“让我们动起来”的运动有越来越多的评论，该运动鼓励孩子多参加运动来对抗儿童肥胖。因此米歇尔奥巴马发起该运动的目的就是对抗儿童肥胖，A选项与原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“帮助弱势儿童”；C选项“敦促孩子们跟随他们的榜样”在录音中均未提及；D选项“鼓励孩子多运动”最具干扰性