2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷76（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth century painters of the United States, yet she had barely started painting before she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself: “I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone

2、 to help me.” No one could have had a more productive age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. (“We came in bunches, like radishes.)At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty seven, she married Tomas Moses, the hired

3、 hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby, but only switched t

4、o oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of

5、 Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures: detailed and lively portrayals of the rural life she had known for so long, with a marvelous sense of color and form. I think really hard till I think of something rea

6、lly pretty, and then I paint it” she said.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2.According to the passage, Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to（ ）.3.From Grandma Moses description of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she was（ ）.4.Grandm

7、a Moses spent most of her life（ ）.5.In line 14, the word “spotted” could best be replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.Grandma Moses: A Biographical Sketch.B.The Children of Grandma Moses.C.Grandma Moses: Her Best Exhibition.D.Grandma Moses and Other Older Artists.问题2选项A.decorate her homeB.keep activeC.improve her

8、salaryD.gain an international reputation问题3选项A.independentB.prettyC.wealthyD.timid问题4选项A.nursingB.paintingC.embroideriesD.farming问题5选项A.speckledB.featuredC.noticedD.damaged【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合做文章标题的是”。文章全文讲述了Grandma Moses的个人及艺术生涯，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses开始画画是

9、为了”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me），第二段提到“想让自己把持忙碌来打发时间”（she wanted to keep busy and pass the time），由此可知选项B“保持活跃”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“从第一段中Grandma Moses对于自己的描述可以得知”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, w

10、aiting for someone to help me），可以看出她是一个非常独立的人，选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses大部分时间花在了”。文章第二段提到“他们大半生时间是在农场度过的”（They farmed most of their lives），由此可知选项D符合题意。5.词义题。题目问的是“spotted可以由哪个词代替”。文章第二段中提到“（她的画作）很快被一个经销商，买走了她画的所有东西”（and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted），可以推测画作

11、很快被发现，接着被买走，因此，spotted在这里的意思应该是“被发现，被注意到”，选项C符合题意。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.众所周知，莎士比亚(Shakespeare)是英国著名的伟大作家，在很多国家，他的许多作品拥有众多读者。我想大家都看过他的著名作品罗米欧与朱丽叶 （Romeo and Juliet),他们之间的爱情令人永生难忘。朱丽叶似乎舍不得罗米欧离开她，正像罗米欧不愿意离开他的朱丽叶一样，对于情人来说，最甜蜜的音乐就是他们在夜间互吐衷肠的声音。我们每个人都应活在这个充满爱的世界里，因此，我们每时每刻都需要你的

12、关爱、你的祈祷和鼓励。我们要相互尊重，相互帮助。我们必须珍惜人生，珍惜生命。 因为生命对每个人来说都只有一次。所以我们都要过一种有意义的生活。如果人生的不幸降临到你的头上，请你也不要放弃，你一定要勇敢地生活，战胜疾病。幸福永远属于那些对生命执着追求的人。【答案】As is known to all, Shakespeare is a famous and great British writer, with numerous readers in many countries. Im sure that everyone has already read his masterpiece, Ro

13、meo and Juliet. The love between Romeo and Juliet is always unforgettable. Juliet seems to be reluctant to let Romeo go from her as Romeo is unwilling to part from his Juliet. For lovers, the sweetest music is the sound of each others tongue at night.Each of us deserves to live in a world of love, s

14、o we need your love, your prayers and your encouragement, mutual respect and aid all the time. We must cherish life, for there is only one life for everyone. Therefore, the lifetime should be spent in a meaningful way. No matter what kind of misfortune befalls you, do not give up, instead, you must

15、live bravely to conquer disease. Happiness always belongs to those who pursue life persistently.3. 单选题It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder Americans, life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be r

16、eplaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death and our failure to confront that

17、 reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost

18、 of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is s

19、cientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for med

20、ical care that sustains life beyond a certain age say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duly to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people

21、 now routinely work though their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Summer Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs all Internet start-lip in his 80s. These leade

22、rs are living proof that prevention works and we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measur

23、es may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be over-funding the quest for unlikely cures while under-funding research on humbler therapies that c

24、ould improve peoples lives.1.What is implied in the first sentence?2.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that（ ）.3.The authors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of（ ）.4.In contrast to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care（ ）.5.The text intends to expres

25、s the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B.Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C.Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D.Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.问题2选项A.medical resources are often waste

26、dB.doctors arc helpless against fatal diseasesC.some treatments are too aggressiveD.medical costs are becoming unaffordable问题3选项A.strong disapprovalB.reserved consentC.slight contemptD.enthusiastic support问题4选项A.more flexiblyB.more extravagantlyC.more cautiouslyD.more reasonably问题5选项A.medicine will

27、further prolong peoples livesB.life beyond a certain limit is not worth livingC.death should be accepted as a fact of lifeD.excessive demands increase the cost of health care【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“第一句话暗含着”。文章第一段第一句提到“据说，死亡在英国是迫在眉睫，在加拿大是不可避免，而在加利福尼亚是可以选择的”（It is said that in E

28、ngland death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional），第二三句提到“很少有人怀疑美国人的寿命在上个世纪已经几乎翻倍。坏死的髋骨可以更换”（Small wonder Americans, life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced），由此可以看出美国人对自己的医疗技术非常有信心，选项C“美国人对他们的医疗技术过分自信”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者使用癌症患者的

29、例子去表明”。文章第一段倒数第三句话提到“由于医疗费用由第三方支付，我们要求尽可能为我们做任何治疗，尽管这些治疗毫无用处”（Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless），然后提到癌症治疗，由此可以推测作者认为这种做法使得医疗资源被浪费了，选项A符合题意。3.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对理查德拉姆的评论的态度是”。理查德拉姆认为“老人和虚弱的病人应该坦然面对死亡，为他人让路”

30、。文章第三段提到“我不会那么极端”（I would not go that far），即在某些程度上不认同理查德的观点；最后一段提到“但是社会在延长人的寿命的追求上是有极限的”（Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit），所以在这个意义上作者同意理查德的看法，因此选项B“保留意见”符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“与美国相比，日本和瑞典正资助自己的医疗”。文章最后一段提到“在医疗上的花费远远低于我们的日本和瑞典人，获得比我们更长，更健康。作为一个民族，我们可能在寻求无效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在提高人们

31、生活质量的普通医疗方面花钱太少”（people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be over-funding the quest for unlikely cures while under-funding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives），由此可推测，日

32、本与瑞典在医疗上的花费更合理。选项D符合题意。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章试图阐述”。文章第一段提到“但是，即使是一个伟大的医疗保健系统也无法治愈死亡，而我们未能正视这一现实。死亡是正常的，即使在理想的条件下，基因也会解体和灭亡”（But not even a great health-care system can cure death and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed t

33、o disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions），因此选项C符合题意。4. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The Olympic Games can be traced back to the ancient times. The Greeks liked all kinds of sports, because sports made the body strong. The games were held every four years and hundreds

34、of thousands of people gathered on vast flatlands to appreciate the competition between athletes from all parts of Greece. The events included running, wrestling, and horse races. There were events for both adults and children. In most of the games, adults and children wore little or no clothing. In

35、stead, oil was spread over the body. The trophy was a laurel made of olive leaves. It was the greatest honor to be crowned with a laurel.Hard work enables me to survive the most difficult time in my life abroad, during my first few employments. However, after I joined my current company, my workahol

36、ic was soon challenged by my boss. When I called him at home after office hours for business purpose, he politely reminded me that he preferred talking about work with me later in the office. When the holiday season approached, he always asked me to schedule my leave beforehand. He talked with me ab

37、out his holiday and also enquired about mine. For him leave is the right, but also a need.【答案】奥运会可以追溯到古代。希腊人喜欢运动，因为运动能让身体强壮。奥运会每四年一次，成千上万的人聚集在广阔的平地上来观看希腊各地运动员之间的比赛。比赛项目包括跑步、摔跤和赛马。成人和儿童的项目都有。在大部分比赛中，成人和儿童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦满油。奖杯是用橄榄叶做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的荣誉。在我最初的几次工作中，努力工作让我度过了在国外生活的最困难时期。然而，在我加入现在的公司后，我的工作狂行为受到

38、了自己老板的挑战。每当我下班后跟他打电话谈论工作时，他礼貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班时间跟我讨论。临近假期时，他总是让我提前安排假期。他经常和我谈论他的假期，也打听我的假期。对于他来说，放假是一种权利，也是一种必要。5. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your chil

39、dren “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured felling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by

40、which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a s

41、pecific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Pa

42、rents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old migh

43、t need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that

44、 raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology（ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” mostly probably means（ ）.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-c

45、overing apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is （ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find

46、 the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset, but Im not to blameC.1 apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may

47、make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for imm

48、ediate attention.B.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seem【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一个母亲在道歉后加一个但是”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的内容可以让该道歉变得无效”（what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective），选项D“小孩可能会觉得自己还欠母亲一个道歉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作

49、者看来，很抱歉让你烦恼了意味着”。文章第三段提到“这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，让你自己因为他人的所作所为感到烦恼”（this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done），选项B“我意识到你心烦了，但这不是我的错”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“不建议使用笼统的、涵盖一切的道歉是因为”。文章第四段对“笼统道歉”的解释是避免需要去提及特别令人受伤或者受辱的具体行为，道歉的人应该承诺不会再犯（which avoids t

50、he necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again），这种道歉并不会起作用，比如“我是一个无用的家长”，并不会让一个人去具体改进，因此这种含糊其辞的道歉是不可取的，选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从最后一段教小孩子道歉可知”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助去认识到道歉的复杂性”（B

51、ut even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry），随后举了不同年龄阶段的孩子应该怎样教授道歉，由此可以推断在教小孩子道歉时，年龄是需要考虑的因素，选项B符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，适当的道歉”。文章提到了道歉需要技巧；道歉并没有那么简单，在教授孩子道歉时要考虑其年龄等，说明道歉并没有看上去那么容易，选项D符合题意。6. 单选题There are t

52、wo methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This wa

53、s covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how

54、to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions

55、 do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist, if men were all good, this precept would not be good; but as they are bad; and would not observe their fait

56、h with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfillment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many

57、promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necess

58、ities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.1.The author of the passage does not believe that（ ）.2.The lion represents those who are（ ）.3.The fox, in this passage, is（ ）.4.The writer suggests that a successful leader must（ ）.5.The writer would approve

59、an unsuccessful political candidate（ ）.问题1选项A.people can protect themselvesB.the truth makes men freeC.leaders have to be consistentD.princes ate human问题2选项A.toil trustingB.strong and carefulC.reliant on forceD.lacking in intelligence问题3选项A.admired for his trickeryB.no match for the lionC.pitied for

60、 his trickD.considered worthless问题4选项A.be prudent and faithfulB.cheat and lieC.have principle to guide his actionsD.tell the people the truth about his opponent问题5选项A.gave up all his opportunitiesB.promised to try again next timeC.overthrew the government by forceD.told the people the truth about hi

61、s opponent【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为”。文章提到有两种方式来战斗，一是法律，即文斗，一是暴力，即武斗。并且用狐狸来比喻文斗，狮子比喻武斗，而一个成功的王子必须在这两种方法中自由切换，但是并没有提及到“吃人”，因此选项D“王子吃人”的说法是错误的，符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“狮子代表的是哪类人”。文章提到“王子应该学会像野兽一样管理国家，要模仿狐狸和狮子，因为狮子无法避免陷阱，而狐狸无法从狼群中脱身”（A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to

62、act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves），狮子代表的是力量，即武斗，因此选项C“依赖武力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章中狐狸是”。文章提到管理者必须要学会文斗与武斗，狐狸代表的是文斗，可知作者对狐狸是赞赏的，因此选项A“因它的计谋而受到赞赏”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示一个成功的统治者应该”。文章提到“当守诚信会让

63、自己的利益受损时，精明的统治者可以不讲诚信”（Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest），因此选项B“欺骗与撒谎”符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者会赞成一个失败的政治候选人”。文章提到“当文斗行不通的时候，人们会选择第二种方式，即武斗”（but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second），选项C“用武力推翻政府”符合题意。7. 单选题Despite wars, famines, and epidemics, Earths population is booming ahead to new records with no end in sight.Every day, the world adds enough people to populate a medium-sized city in the US