2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷21（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still（ ）, the case must be retried.问题1选项A.presentB.skepticalC.surprisedD.hungry【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项present“目前的；现在的”；B选项skeptical“怀疑的”；C选项surprised“惊喜的”；hungry“饥饿的”。句意：尽管证据是压倒性的，但是如果一个陪审团仍有，这案子就必须重审。词组Ev

2、en though是“尽管但是”的意思，与evidence“证据”能够形成转折的就是证据有误或者还存在不明之处。故选B。2. 单选题“Shall I tell Ann how to improve her painting?”“Yes，but（ ）of suggestions may discourage her.”问题1选项A.a list too longB.too long a listC.a too long listD.a list of too long【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。因为空格后面紧跟的of suggestions“的建议”，所以名词list要放在词组最后，即lis

3、t of suggestions，因此可以排除A，D选项。too + adj.作定语修饰名词，而放在名词前语序为：too + adj. +（限定词）+noun。或者将其放在名词后语序是：（限定词）+noun + too+adj，所以C选项的语序不对，可排除。句意：我要告诉安如何改进她的画吗？可以，但是太多的建议可能会让她气馁。因此B选项符合题意。3. 填空题Direction: There is a defect in each of the following sentences, please improve the sentences by rewriting with the lest

4、 modification on ANSWER SHEET (10%)Example: Sharon is not the type of girl that every man wants to marry.Answer: Sharon is not the type of girl whom every man wants to marry.66. I will read the research papers which from the top journal in my discipline.67. The professor examined the student, being

5、in his office at the time.68. As we traveled around the country, we saw natural wonders, watched the movies, and were fishing in various lakes.69. The teacher told us all students, who study hard enough, will past the examination.70. Before writing, we spend a lot of time on gathering information is

6、 essential.【答案】66. I will read the research papers from the top journal in my discipline.67. The professor examined the student in his office at the time.68. As we traveled around the country, we saw natural wonders, watched the movies, and fished in various lakes.69. The teacher tells us all studen

7、ts, who study hard enough, will past the examination.70. Before writing, that we spend a lot of time on gathering information is essential.【解析】66. which from the top journal in my discipline应作为定语修饰papers,而which引导定语从句在句中缺乏谓语动词，因此需要去掉which，变成介词短语直接作后置定语。67. 将逗号和being去掉，介词短语in his office at the time可直接

8、作后置定语修饰the student，整个句子会更加简洁。68. 在一个句中出现了以and连接的并列成分，后面的词性、时态均保持一致。故应将were fishing更改为fished，与前面的saw和watched保持一致。69. 考查语法时态，主将从现。从句中使用的是一般将来时表虚拟，主句应该使用一般现在时才符合语法结构。因此需要将主句的谓语动词told改为一般现在时tell，主语是the teacher为第三人单数，故谓语动词的使用应与其保持一致，应改为tells。70. 句中成分完整，但we spend a lot of time on gathering information做主语时

9、，引导词that不可省略。4. 单选题The sewage system of the city（ ）the water so that swimming was forbidden.问题1选项A.dilutedB.culminatedC.contaminatedD.diverted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项diluted“稀释；削弱”；B选项culminated“使结束；达到顶点”；C选项contaminated“污染；弄脏”；D选项diverted“转移；使转向”。句意：城市的污水系统了这片水域，因此游泳被禁止。关键词sewage“污水”和后面的结果swimming was f

10、orbidden“游泳被禁止了”，由此可知是污水会污染这片水域。本句使用的是过去式，因此空格内应填入谓语动词的过去式。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题The directions were so（ ）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.notoriousC.ambitiousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ingenious“机灵的；心灵手巧的”；B选项notorious“声名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C选项ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D选项ambigu

11、ous“模糊不清的；模棱两可的”。句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能完成任务。因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题Stress is a state of imbalance between demands made on us from outside sources and our capabilities to meet those demands. Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently with conflict. Stress, as you have seen, can brought on by physical events, ot

12、her peoples behavior, social situations, our own behavior, feelings, thoughts, or anything that results in heightened bodily awareness. In many cases, when you experience pain, anger, fear, or depression, these emotions are a response to a stressful situation like conflict.Sometimes, in highly stres

13、sful conflict situations, we must cope with the stress before we cope with the conflict. Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow us to become more logical and tolerant in resolving the conflict.People respond differently to conflict just as they response differ

14、ently to stress. Some people handle both better than others do. Individual differences are not as important as learning how to manage the stress we feel. The goal in stress management is self-control, particularly in the face of stressful events.Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relax

15、ation. Sit in a comfortable position in a quiet place where there are no distractions. Close your eyes and pay no attention to the outside world. Concentrate only on your breathing. Slowly inhale and exhale. Now, with each inhaled breath say “relax” gently and passively. Make it a relaxing experienc

16、e. If you use this method to help you in conflict situations over a period of time, the word “relax” will become associated with a sense of physical calm; saying it in a stressful situation will help induce a sense of peace.Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management.

17、Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in thinking. That is, you must consider alternative view. Your current view is causing the stress! You must also keep from attaching too much importance to events, as things may seem less important when viewed in a different way.36. The main point of

18、 this reading is that（ ）.37. Controlling your thoughts always involves（ ）.38. Human response to stress is（ ）.39. The authors primary purpose in writing the selection is to（ ）.40. Which of the following statements included in the selection most directly supports the writers view that stress is contro

19、llable?问题1选项A.stress is an imbalance between internal and external demandsB.controlling physical reactions and thoughts is an effective means of managing stressC.relaxation is the key to successful stress managementD.stress management requires a problem-solving approach问题2选项A.considering the situati

20、on from different perspectivesB.imagining yourself managing the stressC.relaxation techniques to eliminate physical symptomsD.a gentle and passive breath问题3选项A.universalB.variable according to sexC.unchangingD.individual问题4选项A.explain the relationship between stress and conflictB.instruct the reader

21、 on how to control stressC.describe relaxation techniquesD.persuade the reader to reduce stress through successful management问题5选项A.Things may seem less important when viewed in a different way.B.Stress is an imbalance between demands.C.People respond differently to conflict, just as they respond di

22、fferently to stress.D.Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in things.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】36. 主旨大意题。定位在第一句Stress is a state of imbalance between demands made on us from outside sources and our capabilities to meet those demands.（压力是外界对我们的要求和满足这些要求的自身能力之间存在的失衡状态。）A选项“压力是内在需求和

23、外在需求之间的不平衡”，由第一句可知压力是外在需求和自身能力之间失衡而产生的，表述有误，B选项“控制身体反应和思想是管理压力的有效手段”定位在最后两段的首句。Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relaxation.（控制身体的压力症状需要放松。）Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management.（控制你的思想是压力管理的第二个主要因素。）本文开始介绍了压力产生的原因后面着重讲到了控制压力的方法。因此B选项符合原文，也是对文章的一个总

24、体概括。C选项“放松是成功管理压力的关键”文中并没有进行对比，属于以偏概全。D选项“压力管理需要解决问题的方法”文中有详细给出控制压力的办法，故选B。37. 客观细节题。根据原文Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in thinking. That is, you must consider alternative view.（成功地管理压力需要思维的灵活性。也就是说，你必须考虑另一种观点。）由此可知，成功地管理压力，需要改变自己之前所持的一些观点。A选项“从不同的角度考虑”转换观点，从另一个角度进行考虑，正确。B选项“想象自己在

25、管理压力”，C选项“放松技巧以消除身体症状”，D选项“轻柔而被动的呼吸”，B，C，D选项与题意无关，可排除，故选A。38. 客观细节题。定位第三段的第一句People respond differently to conflict just as they response differently to stress.（人们对冲突的反应不同，正如他们对压力的反应不同。）由此可知，每个人对待压力的反应是不同的。A选项“普遍的”，B选项“性别不同会有差别”，C选项“不变的”，A，B，C与句意不符，可排除。D选项“个体的；独特的”，符合句意，正确。故选D。39. 推理判断题。A选项“解释压力和冲突之

26、间的关系”定位在第二段，文中只用了一小段简单带过，不可归为主要目的。Sometimes, in highly stressful conflict situations, we must cope with the stress before we cope with the conflict.（有时，在高度紧张的冲突情况下，我们必须先处理压力，然后再处理冲突。）C选项“描述放松技巧”只是属于控制压力方法的一个举例，不属于主要目的。D选项“说服读者通过成功的管理来减轻压力。”管理一词过于笼统宽泛，目的需要具体。即可排除A，C，D选项，B选项“指导读者如何控制压力”，文章简单介绍压力后，最后两段

27、着重介绍了控制压力的方法，能够给读者带来一些建议。故选B。40. 推理判断题。题意：下列哪个陈述包含在选择中，最直接地支持作者的观点，即压力是可控的？定位在最后一段Your current view is causing the stress! You must also keep from attaching too much importance to events, as things may seem less important when viewed in a different way.（你当前的观点给你造成了压力！你还必须避免把事情看得太重要，因为从不同的角度看事情可能会显得不

28、那么重要。）可以知道从不同角度去思考一件事，对同样一件事的感受也会不同。由此可知，A选项“从不同的角度来看，事情似乎不那么重要”很好的说明了压力是可控的。B选项“压力是需求之间的不平衡”只是压力的一个表述，与可控性无关。C选项“人们对冲突的反应不同，就像他们对压力的反应不同一样”只是陈述每个人对待压力的方式不同，与压力的可控性无关。D选项“成功地管理压力需要事情的灵活性”根据原文Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in thinking.（成功地管理压力需要思维的灵活性。）主语不一致，故选A。7. 单选题You dont have

29、 to take all the courses if you have no interest in them. They are（ ）.问题1选项A.optionalB.opticalC.elementaryD.critical【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项optional“可选择的”；B选项optical“光学的；视觉的”；C选项elementary“基本的；初级的”；D选项critical“至关重要的”。句意：如果你对这些课程不感兴趣的话，那么你不必全部都上。它们是。不必上所有的课程，因为它们是可以选修的。故选A。8. 翻译题Man, the UnknownIn the or

30、ganization of industrial life and influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much

31、 money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have

32、 been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic building where t

33、oo large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow st

34、reets full of petrol fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.【答案】人类神秘的巨人9. 单选题Perhaps you didnt quite understand the movie and then left befo

35、re finishing it.（ ）the case, I think this little pamphlet may be of some help.问题1选项A.If this beB.This should beC.Should this beD.Is this【答案】A【解析】考查条件状语从句。由I think this little pamphlet may be of some help.句意：我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。由关键词may可知空格后的the case这种情况并不是虚拟的，而是一个真实条件句，故不用倒装，而条件句一般是用if引导。因此答案选A，相当于省略了shoul

36、d，即If this (should) be。整个句意为：也许你并不十分理解这部电影，没结束就提前离开了。如果真的如此，我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。10. 单选题John was on the（ ）of his career and he worked hard at that time.问题1选项A.spaceB.borderC.marginD.threshold【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项space“空间”；B选项border“边境；边界”；C选项margin“边缘；利润；页边的空白”；D选项threshold“入口；开始”。句意：约翰刚他的职业生涯，那时候他工作很努力。每个人在

37、从事第一份工作的时候都信心满满，干劲十足。根据后面的关键信息he worked hard at that time“那时的他很努力的工作”，由此可知那时候是他职业生涯的开始。on the threshold of“在的开端”。因此D选项符合题意。11. 单选题The inventor（ ）his original design in order to increase the machines efficiency to a higher level.问题1选项A.executedB.cultivatedC.modifiedD.decorated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项execu

38、ted“执行”；B选项cultivated“培养”；C选项modified“修改”；D选项decorated“装饰”。句意：发明家为了把机器的效率提高到一个更高的水平原来的设计。increase the machines efficiency提高效率与original design原来的设计之间的关系，有不足之处即要做出挑战与改变，故C选项更符合语义。12. 单选题We will stop now and（ ）working at two oclock.问题1选项A.presumeB.consumeC.assumeD.resume【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项presume“假定；推测

39、”，B选项consume“消耗；消费”；C选项assume“设想；假定”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始”。句意：我们现在停下，2点钟开始。意思是现在先暂停，等到2点后再继续。由此可以排除B选项，A，C选项都有假定的意思，但assume通常用于指在毫无依据的情况下做出假设，很可能是错误的判断。presume通常用于强调基于证据或可能性而得出的看法。此处具体指的意思是“重新开始”。因此D选项符合题意。13. 单选题With prices（ ）so much, its hard to plan a budget.问题1选项A.frustratingB.fluctuatingC.overlo

40、adingD.overflowing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项frustrating“挫败；使沮丧”；B选项fluctuating“波动；起伏不定”；C选项overloading“超载”；D选项overflowing“溢出；挤满”。句意：因为价格太大，所以很难制定预算。开头使用了with复合结构作状语表原因，故应该使用动词的现在分词形式。价格一般都是易变的，因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题During Roman times,（ ）and marble were the materials most commonly used for sculpture.问题1选项A.booth

41、B.broodC.bustD.bronze【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项booth“货摊；公用电话亭”；B选项brood“一窝；一伙”；C选项bust“破产；半身像；胸部”；D选项bronze“青铜”。句意：在罗马时代，和大理石是最常用于雕刻的材料。由后面的并列名词marble“大理石”，可知需要填入一个和大理石一样能够进行雕刻的材料。因此可以排除A，B，C选项。D选项符合题意。15. 翻译题对于多数人来讲，引起焦虑的主要原因是高昂的房价、教育的支出和医疗费用。人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。【答案

42、】For most people, the main causes of anxiety are the high cost of housing, education and health care. People are living under enormous pressure, but they see little hope for escape as their incomes are low and their increases are slow. At a time that seems to be full of opportunities people live wit

43、h many anxieties.16. 单选题To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be（ ）, and display interest in the job.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项swift“迅速的；敏捷的”；B选项instant“立即的；紧迫的”；C选项timely“及时的；适时的”；D选项punctual“准时的；守时的”。句意：为了给未来的雇主留下印象，职员应该穿戴整洁，显示对工作的兴趣。目的是impress a f

44、uture employer“给未来雇主留下好的印象”，应该要dress neatly“穿戴整洁”，be punctual“守时的”，而且显示出对这份工作的兴趣。就像是一场面试，最重要的还是要守时。因此D选项符合题意。17. 单选题All the data sent back from the satellites suggested that an asteroid of about the size of an auditorium（ ）on its way to our planet.问题1选项A.isB.wasC.wereD.be【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词使用的一致性。that接在

45、动词后面充当句中的宾语从句。主句使用的是一般过去式，宾语从句中的谓语动词，应与主句的时态保持一致。因此空格处应使用be动词的过去式was/were。从句中的主语是an asteroid“一颗小行星”为单数，所以应使用was。句意：从卫星发来的所有数据表明一颗像礼堂一样大小的行星正在向我们的星球靠近。因此B选项符合题意。18. 单选题The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them（ ）every night this week.问题1选项A.practicingB.practiceC.practicedD.to prac

46、tice【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。them是practice的施动者，为主动关系。have是使役动词，主动表达的固定搭配为have sb do sth.让某人做某事。句意：这支团队今晚看起来很不错，因为教练让他们这周每天晚上都训练。此处需要使用动词的原型。故选B。19. 单选题People will insist that watching TV（ ）childrens imaginations.问题1选项A.blundersB.bluntsC.blushesD.blends【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项blunders“犯大错；误入某地”；B选项blunts“减弱；使迟钝”；C

47、选项blushes“脸红；感到羞愧”；D选项blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人们会坚持说看电视了儿童的想象力。前因是watching TV“看电视”；后果是阻碍了childrens imaginations“儿童的想象力”。在所有选项中只有blunt有减弱，使迟钝的意思。因此B选项符合题意。20. 单选题Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink

48、intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Lo

49、oking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, its not. Children were not color-coded at all until the e

50、arly 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colors were introduced, pink was

51、 actually considered the more masculine color, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant chil

52、drens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, inclu

53、ding our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler (学步的儿童). I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a market

54、ing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler” became common shoppers term that it evolved into a bro

55、adly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist.17. By saying “it is .The rainbow

56、”, the author means pink（ ）.18. The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological devotement was much influenced by（ ）.19. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to（ ）.20. It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.should not b

57、e the sole representation of girlhoodB.should not be associated with girls innocenceC.cannot explain girls lack of imaginationD.cannot influence girls lives and interests问题2选项A.the marketing of products for childrenB.the observation of childrens natureC.researches into childrens behaviorD.studies of

58、 childhood consumption问题3选项A.focus on infant wear and older kids clothesB.attach equal importance to different gendersC.classify consumers into smaller groupsD.create some common shoppers terms问题4选项A.clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB.fully understood by clothing manufacturersC.well interpr

59、eted by psychological expertsD.mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】17. 推理判断题。定位在第一段It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to a

60、ppearance.（不是粉红本来不好，它只是彩虹的一小份而已。虽然从某个程度上来说有助于烘托女孩，但它也会不断融合女孩们对于外表的认知。）由此可推理，粉色只是在一方面烘托女孩特质，由此可知粉色只是其中的一个方面，还会有其他方面，因此A选项“不应该是少女时期的唯一代表”正确，符合题意。B选项“不应与女孩的纯真联系在一起”，根据原文Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.（然后，它表示了这种

61、联系，甚至在两岁的孩子之间，不仅能够说明女孩是天真的，而且也能作为天真的证据。）由此可知，作者认为粉色和天真是有关联的。C选项“不能说明女孩缺乏想象力”，D选项“不能影响女孩的生活和兴趣”，均与题意不符。故选A。18. 推理判断题。定位在第三段I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development.（我原来没有意识到市

62、场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他们的心理发展这种核心信念。）由此可以推论出市场营销可以在很大程度上影响我们对孩子的心理发展的认识。因此A选项“儿童产品的营销”正确，符合题意。B选项“对儿童天性的观察”，C选项“儿童行为研究”，D选项“儿童消费研究”均不符题意，可排除。故选A。19. 推理判断题。定位在第四段Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler” became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.（贸易出版物给百货商场提议，要增加销售