2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前模拟强化练习题9（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 不定项选择题In only two decades Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nations schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nation

2、s best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid groun

3、ding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in educ

4、ation is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.Most Asian-American owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention

5、 is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researcher also believe there is something in Asian culture that needs success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.Both explanations for academic success worry A

6、sian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.1. While making tr

7、emendous achievements at college, Asian-American students（ ）.2. What are the major factors that determine the success of Asian Americans?3. Few Asian-American students major in human sciences mainly because（ ）.4. Why do the two “explanations” (Para.3, Line.1) worry Asian Americans?5. The authors ton

8、e in this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English.B.are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian characterC.generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parentsD.still worry about unfair treatment in society问题2选项A.A solid foundati

9、on in basic mathematics and Asian culture.B.Hard work and intelligence.C.Hard work and a limited knowledge of English.D.Asian culture and the American educational system.问题3选项A.their English is not good enoughB.there is a wide difference between Asian and Western culturesC.they are afraid they might

10、 meet with unfair judgment in these areasD.they know little about American culture and society问题4选项A.They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general.B.People would think that Asian student rely on their parents for success.C.Asian-Americans would be threat to other

11、 minorities.D.American academic achievements have taken on too strong an Asian character.问题5选项A.sympatheticB.objectiveC.criticalD.doubtful【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Many researcher also believe there is something in Asian culture that needs success, such as ideals that stres

12、s family values and emphasize education（许多研究者还认为，亚洲文化中有一些东西需要成功，比如强调家庭价值观和强调教育的理想）以及第三段第一，二句Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social

13、 isolation（这两种对学业成功的解释都让亚裔美国人感到担忧，因为他们担心自己会形成一种典型的种族形象。许多人还记得，中国、日本和菲律宾移民曾是社会孤立的受害者）可以判断出D选项“仍然担心社会上的不公平待遇”正确以及B选项“担心他们的学术成就带有强烈的亚洲特色”错误，亚裔美国学生担心他们的学术成就带有强烈的亚洲特色根本原因是害怕亚洲特色会让他们在社会上遭遇不公平的待遇；A选项“觉得自己因为英语知识有限而受到不公平对待”在原文中未提及；根据文章第二段第一句Most Asian-American owe their success to the influence of parents（大多

14、数亚裔美国人把他们的成功归功于父母的影响）可知C选项“通常觉得依靠父母是件可耻的事”错误；因此D选项符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge

15、of English（这种对数学和科学的特别喜爱部分是由这样一个事实解释的：亚裔美国学生在国外开始接受教育时，在美国有坚实的数学基础，但很少或根本不懂英语）以及第二段最后一句Many researcher also believe there is something in Asian culture that needs success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education（许多研究者还认为，亚洲文化中有一些东西需要成功，比如强调家庭价值观和强调教育的理想）可知A选项“扎实的数学基础和亚洲文化”正确

16、以及C选项“努力学习和有限的英语知识”错误；B选项“勤奋和智慧”在原文未提及；根据第二段Most Asian-American owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend m

17、ore time with their children than American parents do, and it helps（大多数亚裔美国人把他们的成功归功于父母的影响，他们决心让自己的孩子充分利用美国教育系统提供的东西。衡量父母注意力的一个有效方法是家庭作业。亚洲父母比美国父母花更多的时间和孩子在一起，这很有帮助）可以得知D选项“亚洲文化和美国教育制度”错误，美国教育制度并不是决定亚裔美国人成功的主要因素；因此A选项符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like

18、 mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree（亚洲人认为，数学和科学等领域的不公平待遇将会减少，因为他们将受到更客观的评判。教育投资的回报在工程类专业比文科学位更直接）可知C选项“他们害怕在这些方面可能会遇到不公平的判断”正确；根据第一段This special l

19、iking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English（这种对数学和科学的特别喜爱部分是由这样一个事实解释的：亚裔美国学生在国外开始接受教育时，在美国有坚实的数学基础，但很少或根本不懂英语）可以得知A选项“

20、他们的英语不够好”并不是少有亚裔美国学生主修人文科学主要原因；B选项“亚洲和西方文化之间有很大的差异”以及D选项“他们对美国文化和社会知之甚少”在原文未提及；因此C选项符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。根据第三段第一，二句Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the

21、victims of social isolation（这两种对学业成功的解释都让亚裔美国人感到担忧，因为他们担心自己会形成一种典型的种族形象。许多人还记得，中国、日本和菲律宾移民曾是社会孤立的受害者）可以判断出A选项“他们害怕自己会再次被孤立于美国社会之外”正确；根据文章第二段第一句Most Asian-American owe their success to the influence of parents（大多数亚裔美国人把他们的成功归功于父母的影响）可知B选项“人们会认为亚洲学生依靠他们的父母获得成功”错误；C选项“亚裔美国人会对其他少数族裔构成威胁”以及D选项“美国人的学术成就带有

22、强烈的亚洲色彩”在原文中未提及，错误；因此A选项符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。A选项“同情的；交感神经的；共鸣的；赞同的；和谐的；合意的”；B选项“客观的”；C选项“批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的”；D选项“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；本文是从客观的观点去看亚裔美国人在学业方面的成功，作者并没有同情，批判或者是怀疑，只是客观的陈述目前亚裔美国人在学业方面存在的情况，因此B选项符合题意。2. 单选题It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly（ ）observer of events.问题1选项A.geniusB.impassiveC.inad

23、equateD.impartial【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。genius “天才；天赋”，名词；impassive “冷漠的；无感觉的”，形容词； inadequate “不充分的”，形容词； impartial “公平的，公正的”，形容词。根据doubtful “怀疑的”和truly “真正地”可知选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Every （ ） of a motion picture is the responsibility of the director.问题1选项A.sectionB.facetC.characterD.footage【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项sect

24、ion“截面；部分；部门；地区；章节”；B选项facet“面；方面；小平面用”；C选项character“性格，品质；特性；角色；计 字符”；D选项footage“英尺长度；连续镜头；以尺计算长度”。句意：电影的每一段镜头都是导演的责任。由电影导演的责任可知此处镜头的含义最合适，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题The amount of tabloid ink spilled over her 24-year difference in age with her new boyfriend does （ ） her.问题1选项A.rankleB.stir upC.emaciateD.whip up

25、【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rankle“使怨恨；使疼痛；使痛苦”；B选项stir up“激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起”；C选项emaciate“使消瘦；使衰弱；消瘦”；D选项whip up“激起；鞭打”。句意：小报上关于她和新男友之间24岁的年龄差距的报道让她很恼火。本句表示“小道消息所报道的事情让她恼火”，因此A选项正确。5. 单选题It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are impossible to reverse.问题1选项A.sensation

26、alB.emotionalC.horribleD.striking【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sensational“轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的”；B选项emotional“情绪的；易激动的；感动人的”；C选项horrible“可怕的；极讨厌的”；D选项striking“显著的，突出的，惊人的；打击的；罢工的”。句意：人们现在认为，家庭结构的显著变化虽然令人遗憾，但是不可能逆转的。本句关键词dramatic表示“巨大的；急剧的；引人注目的；令人激动的；戏剧的”，在句中可和striking（显著的）做同义替换；因此D选项正确。6. 单选题The European onl

27、ine fashion business is fierce. Just ask backers of one-time highfliers like , the urban sportswear retailer that tanked last year, and D, the struggling mens wear specialist. Those once stellar online brands expanded too fast, spent much more than they earned, and then lost their investor support a

28、fter Internet stocks began plummeting last April. The markets sent online fashion stores a tough message: Come up with business models that generate revenues.A few firms have shown that not all online fashion shops are Internet disasters. Copenhagen-based H, the designer-label discount store, Sweden

29、s sportswear vendor Sportus and the Italian shirts store Marco Bracci are doing well in a very tough environment.Haburis distinctive business model is an Internet version of the factory outlet where brand manufacturers sell directly to consumers at lower prices from huge out-of-town shopping malls.

30、A concept used in the U.S. far more than in Europe, and Haburi wants to fill the gap. Michael Vad, Haburis CEO, says that Europes apparel factory outlet sector could yield $ 10 billion in sales annually.According to Vad, national regulations that limit malls outside city centers have hampered the de

31、velopment of this sector. “For the consumer, theres the two-hour drive to the mall, and when you get there you dont know whether youll get the size or color you want,” says Vad. By going online, Haburi aims to cut the retailers costs, save consumers the long drive, and deliver orders within two to f

32、ive days. Haburi splits net revenue 50-50 with the brand manufacturers.Haburi already has about 30,000 online customers. The additional $12 million invested in Haburi last June indicates investors will still back business-to-consumer Internet companies, but only if they have a solid strategic vision

33、 and not just a fashionable whim spurred by Internet hype. So where did Dressmart and go wrong? “They were supposed to run out of money. They were among the companies that only got investment money if they promised very rapid expansion,” observes Ola Ahlvarsson, Stockholm-based CEO of Result Venture

34、 Knowledge International, a venture capital firm that controls Sportus. But the rules have changed since Internet stocks dived last year.Apparel is difficult to sell online because people like to feel and touch the clothes they buy. For the online retailer, acquiring the items, inspecting them, clea

35、ning and storing them before shipping orders, plus handling returns, can be expensive. “The cost of customer service in the apparel business is much higher than selling books or even furniture,” says Matthew Nordan, a retail analyst at Forrester Researchs Amsterdam office. Unless linked to a major e

36、stablished operation, an online retailer needs a competitive edge. For example, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci sells expensive goods for high profits and has cornered a niche market. Dressmart, on the other hand, tried to do too much too soon. Originally it planned to sell only shirts and to make

37、the ordinal Swedish operation profitable before branching out. But within months it tried to go pan-European and sell everything including ties, shoes and sportswear, and to rent physical outlets at airports. Dressmart, on the verge of bankruptcy and searching for a backer, has now scaled back and o

38、perates only in Sweden.Ahlvarsson says one-year-old Sportus, currently trading in the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and Norway, succeeds by keeping costs to a minimum, unlike which spent around $125 million in its brief existence. “B also bought its technology for about $10 million. Thats unrealistic

39、. We spent $300,000 on ours and it works like clockwork,” Ahlvarsson claims. “In the Internet world, they think the guy with the most marketing money will win. It is, in fact, the guy with the best management team and supporting organization.”Despite its apparent success, CEO Vad admits that the rec

40、ent shakeout in online clothes retailers has affected Haburi. “Were going to postpone our Asian launch. We need to build our brands and get the right sales volume and be a lot smarter,” he says. In other words, the successful online fashion retailers are the ones that stick to their knitting.1. The

41、author says that “Haburi wants to fill the gap”. What does it mean?2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?3. According to the passage, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci（ ）.4. Which of the following reasons contributes to the failure of many online fashion businesses?问题1

42、选项A.Haburi will try to make up the loss caused by the plummeted Internet stocks.B.Haburi will use the business concept popular in America and in Europe.C.Haburi will increase its output to make up the need of the customers.D.Haburi will build more out-of-town shopping malls as Americans do.问题2选项A.Th

43、e fail of these online fashion businesses caused the fall of Internet stocks.B.Online fashion stores learned a tough lesson: online fashion shops are disastrous.C.The online brands have never been successful.D.Those once highfliers like and D have tanked.问题3选项A.has obtained a certain market through

44、its special operationB.has lost its market because of its high cost of expansionC.hasnt made profits because the high cost of expansionD.has now scaled back and operates only in Sweden问题4选项A.They dont have management team and supporting organization.B.Their expansion of operation is too fast before

45、they make profits.C.They dont have enough money to buy new technology.D.No investor is interested in online fashion businesses.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者所说的Haburi想去弥补空白是什么意思？”文章第四段提到“Vad看来，对市中心之外的商场进行限制的相关国家法规阻碍了这一方案的发展”（According to Vad, national regulations that limit malls outsi

46、de city centers have hampered the development of this sector）；文章第三段提到Haburi独特的商业模式是一种网络版的工厂直销店，品牌制造商直接在大型城郊购物中心以更低的价格卖给消费者（Haburis distinctive business model is an Internet version of the factory outlet where brand manufacturers sell directly to consumers at lower prices from huge out-of-town shoppi

47、ng malls），由此可知fill the gap的方案就是建立更多的城郊购物中心，选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪个选项是正确的？”文章第一段第二句话提到“去问问那些曾经风光一时的企业的支持者就知道了，这些网络品牌包括去年遭遇失败的城市运动服装零售商和陷入困境的男装专营商D”（Just ask backers of one-time highfliers like , the urban sportswear retailer that tanked last year, and D, the struggling mens wear specialist），

48、可知这些风光无限的企业现在遭遇困境，因此选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，意大利衬衫制作商Marco Bracci”。文章第六段提到意大利衬衫制作商Marco通过销售高价商品来获取高额利润（For example, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci sells expensive goods for high profits and has cornered a niche market），由此可知，Marco通过销售奢侈品占据了一定的市场，因此选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“以下哪个原因导致了许多在线时尚企业失败？”文章第六

49、段介绍了Dressmart，提到Dressmart急于拓展欧洲市场（Dressmart, on the other hand, tried to do too much too soon. Originally it planned to sell only shirts and to make the ordinal Swedish operation profitable before branching out. But within months it tried to go pan-European and sell everything），由此可知它们失败的原因就在于急切想要扩张业

50、务，因此选项B符合题意。7. 单选题We are going to（ ）what were learned so far by some revision exercise today.问题1选项A.affirmB.reinforceC.consolidateD.conform【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。affirm “肯定，断言”； reinforce “加强”；consolidate “巩固”； conform “使遵守”。根据 what we learned “我们所学的”与by some revision exercise“通过一些练习”可知是通过练习来巩固我们所学的内容，因此

51、选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The each revolves both round the sun and on its own axis.问题1选项A.resolvesB.involvesC.rotatesD.evolves【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resolves“决定；溶解；使分解；决心要做”；B选项involves“包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于”；C选项rotates“旋转；循环”；D选项evolves“进化，进展”。句意：每一个（星球）都绕着太阳和自己的轴旋转。本句关键词revolves表示“使旋转；使循环”，可和rotates做同义替换；因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Da

52、vid（ ）his companys success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.问题1选项A.pledgedB.contributedC.acknowledgedD.attributed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pledge “保证；许诺”； contribute “贡献，出力”； acknowledge “承认，答谢”；attribute “归属；把归于”。根据关键词success可知空格处的意思是“将成功归功于”，因此选项D符合题意。10. 单选题When the first of

53、the two Viking landers touched down on Martian soil on July 20, 1976, and began to send camera images back to Earth, the scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory could not suppress a certain nervous anticipation, like people who hold a ticket to a lottery they have a one-in-a-million chance of wi

54、nning. The first photographs that arrived, however, did not contain any evidence of life. What revealed itself to them was merely a barren landscape littered with rocks. The view resembled nothing so much as a flat section of desert in fact, the winning entry in a contest at J. P. L. for the photogr

55、aph most accurately predicting what Mars would look like as a snapshot taken in a particularly arid section of the Mojave Desert.The scientists were soon ready to turn their attention from visible life to microorganisms. The twin Viking landers carried three experiments designed to detect current bi

56、ological activity and one to detect organic compounds, because researchers thought it possible that life had developed on early Mars just as it is thought to have developed on Earth, through the gradual chemical evolution of complex organic molecules（分子）.To detect biological activity, Martian soil s

57、amples were treated with various nutrients that would produce characteristic by-products if life forms were active in the soil. The results from all three experiments were inconclusive. The fourth experiment heated a soil sample to look for sign of organic material but found none, an unexpected resu

58、lt because at least organic compounds from the steady bombardment of the Martian surface by meteorites （限星）were thought to have been present.The absence of organic material, some scientists speculated, was the result of intense ultraviolet radiation penetrating the atmosphere which was at one time r

59、ich in carbon dioxide and thus thick enough to protect its surface from the harmful ray of the Sun, the carbon dioxide had gradually left the atmosphere and been converted into rocks. This means that even if life had gotten a start on early Mars, it could not have survived the exposure to ultraviole

60、t radiation when the atmosphere thinned. Mars never developed a protective layer of ozone as Earth did.Despite the disappointed Viking results, there are those who still keep open the possibility of life on Mars. They point out that the Viking data cannot be considered the final word on Martian life

61、 because the two landers only sampled two limited and uninteresting sites. The Viking landing sites were not chosen for what they might tell of the planets biology. They were chosen primarily because they appeared to be safe of landing a spacecraft. The landing sites were on part of the Martian plai

62、ns that appeared relatively featureless from orbital photography.The type of Martian terrain that these researchers suggest may be a possible hiding place for active life has an earthly parallel: the ice-free region of southern Victoria land. Antarctica, where the temperatures in some dry valley ave

63、rage below zero. Organisms known as endoliths, a form of blue-green algae (藻类)that has adopted to this harsh environment, were found living inside certain porous rocks in these Antarctic valleys. The argument based on this discovery is that if life did exist on early Mars, it is possible that it escaped worsening condition by similarly seeking too dry, even compared with Antarctic valleys, to sustain any life whatsoever.Should Mars eventually prove to be completely barren of life, as some suspect, then this would have a significant impact on the current view of the chemical