2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题59（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 问答题There has been inverse relationship between household net worth and the personal saving rate, Aconsistent with the permanent income hypothesis, under which household expenditures respond Bprincipally to changes in long-term wealth rather than short-term fluctu

2、ations in income. C D【答案】试题答案：D; of【解析】考查介词搭配。此处表示的是收入的短期波动，属于从属关系，用介词of。2. 翻译题Translate the following Chinese into English.对于希望利用中国大量廉价劳动力的国内外企业来说，多年来，中国沿海制造业中心一直是生产基地的上上之选。然而，自今年5月份以来，中国境内劳资争端明显增多，加之人民币走强以及政府采取行动遏制污染和产能过剩，表明这种低成本的生产模式己不再稳固。【答案】Over the years, Chinas coastal manufacturing center ha

3、s always been the best choice for production bases for enterprises at home or abroad who want to take advantage of the large number of Chinese cheap labors. However, since May this year, the significant increase of industrial disputes, the appreciation of RMB as well as the actions adapted by govern

4、ments in order to curb pollution and excess capacity show that this kind of production pattern in low cost is no longer stable.3. 单选题In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of

5、 women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus, it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship c

6、oncerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofens 1861 treatise on Amazons women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen

7、argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for h

8、is theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B.C.，who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battl

9、e.Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical facts rea

10、l Amazonian societies but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of womens rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a res

11、pectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices.Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructiv

12、e and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about the statu

13、s of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the anc

14、ient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.1. The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2. All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT（ ）.3. Which of the following is presented in the passage as

15、 evidence supporting the authors view of the ancient Greeks descriptions of the Amazons?4. It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as （ ）.5. The author suggests that the main r

16、eason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that（ ）.问题1选项A.compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societiesB.investigate the ramifications （影响，后果）of Bachofens theory about the dominance of women in ancient societiesC.explain the rapidly increased i

17、nterest among historians in determining the actual status of women in various societiesD.criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies问题2选项A.partial completenessB.restricted accessibilityC.difficulty of interpretationD.limited quantity问题3选项A.The require

18、ment that Sauromatae women kill in battle before marrying.B.The failure of historians to verify that women were ever governors of ancient societies.C.The classing of Amazons with giants and centaurs.D.The well-established unreliability of Herodotus as a source of information about ancient societies.

19、问题4选项A.confused and dismayedB.wary and hostileC.cynical and disinterestedD.curious but fearful问题5选项A.feminists have shown little interest in ancient societiesB.Bachofens knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleledC.reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquireD.ancient soci

20、eties show the best evidence of women in positions of power【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要提到了由于前现代文化的许多可靠的资料难以获得，所以巴霍芬关于亚马逊女性统治社会的论文具有长期的参考性和影响力。第二段接着介绍了巴霍芬论文的核心，主要是介绍了亚马逊女性统治社会的特点。第三段中作者展开讨论，认为有关于古代社会的这些最初记录的资料或论文存在一些不合理性。最后一段提及了古希腊的男性记录亚马逊的女性统治社会的原因是具有教诲性的，并且提出单靠一些古代的文学资源或者资料，尤其是古

21、代的神话，来获得我们对古代社会的印象会具有一定的误导性。可判断出作者写这篇文章的主要目的是批判了古代神话在研究并确定古代社会妇女地位问题中的价值。2.事实细节题。由题干关键词“premodern cultures”定位到文章第一段“Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and oft

22、en contradictory.”，可知尽管现代时期已经取得了很多成就，但前现代文化被证明面临着更多困难：来源在数量上受到限制；不完整性；难以理解并且经常存在争议。可判断出作者陈述的关于前现代文化的知识来源的问题，包括资源来源的不完整性（partial completeness）、难以解读性（difficulty of interpretation）以及数量受限（limited quantity），所以不包括restricted accessibility，故选项B符合题意。3.判断推理题。由题干关键词“the ancient Greeks descriptions of the Amazo

23、ns”定位到文章第三段“. ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical facts real Amazonian societies but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women s rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as th

24、e equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes.”可知作者认为古希腊对这种社会的描述，并不是要过多地去表现观察到的历史事实真正的亚马逊社会而是要就妇女在其社会中的统治地位的预期后果提供一种道德教训。例如，亚马逊人经常被描述为等同于巨人族和人马族，他们都是被希腊英雄杀死的敌人。而根据文章第三段第一句“Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is probl

25、ematic.”可判断作者对于古希腊人对亚马逊人的描述持有不赞同的态度，认为其存在问题。所以下文利用亚马逊人都是人马族和半马族的这种描述，表达其不合理性，与作者观点相符，故选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。由题干关键词“probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece”定位到文章第四段“the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-f

26、emale groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous.”可知，对于古希腊的男性来说，记录亚马逊人的目的是教诲性的，是为了告诉所有的希腊人：从传统社会分离出去而形成的女性统治社会或团体都是危险的，具有毁灭性。可判断出古希腊的男性对于女性统治社会可能会有反应是持有谨慎态度的，并且会有抵触敌对心理。选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。由题干关键词“Bachofens work”定位到文章第一段“premodern cultures have proved more diffic

27、ult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus, it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofens 1861 treatise on Amazons women-ruled societ

28、ies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.”可知前现代文化存在许多问题和困难，如资料数量有限、残缺不完整、难以理解等问题，这使得人们很难得到关于这些文化的信息或资料，所以一些早期的学术研究和著作在现今都未受到挑战，具有长期性的影响力，Bachofen的论文和著作就是其中的典例之一。可判断出作者认为Bachofen的论文能够长期具有影响力的原因是人们现今很难获得关于古代社会的可靠信息或资料。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Many great inventions are initially greeted with

29、 ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17, 1903 were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people call

30、ed Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronau

31、tics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brothers interest in flig

32、ht grew into a compulsion.Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1990 and 19

33、01, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts.After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must b

34、e wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for the brothers to design a mach

35、ine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than $1,000.They even designed and built their own source of propulsion a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to

36、 stay aloft for 12 seconds, however, and it flew 120 feet.By 1905, the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons and hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine

37、that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.1.The idea of flying an aircraft was （ ）to some people.2.Some people thought that the Wright brothers had（ ）.3

38、.The Wrights interest in flight grew into a（ ） .4.Lilienthals idea about controlling airborne vehicles was（ ）the Wrights.5.The old tables were（ ）and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.问题1选项A.boringB.distastefulC.excitingD.needlessE.answer not available问题2选项A.a

39、cted without thinkingB.been negatively influencedC.been too cautiousD.been mistakenE.acted in a negative way问题3选项A.financial empireB.planC.need to actD.foolish thoughtE.answer not available问题4选项A.proven wrong byB.opposite to the ideas ofC.disliked byD.accepted byE.improved by问题5选项A.destroyedB.invali

40、datedC.multipliedD.approvedE.not used【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people.”可知驾驶飞机的想法令一些人反感。因此B选项“使人不愉快的，令人反感的”符合题意。A选项“无聊的”；C选项“令人兴奋的”；D选项“不必要的”：E选项“没有答案”。2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inven

41、tors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools.”这类人称最早的飞机发明人莱特兄弟是冲动的傻瓜，可知一些人认为莱特兄弟做事冲动，不经思考，因此A选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“the brothers interest in flight grew into a compulsion.”莱特兄弟对飞行的兴趣发展成一种强迫行为，因此C选项符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers”这种想法对莱特兄弟而言是令人反感的，可知这种想法不被莱特兄弟

42、喜欢，因此C选项符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章第四段中“the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.”旧表被及时废除，取而代之的是第一个可靠的曲面气压数据，因此B选项“使无效，失效”符合题意。5. 问答题The most (A) acute challenges (B) facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man agains

43、t his fellow man, but those (C) involved humankinds struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the (D) sustainability of life on earth.【答案】C；“involved” 改为 “involving”。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：未来面临的最严峻的挑战可能不仅是人与人之间的竞争，而且是涉及到人类努力保护环境和确保地球上生命的可持续性的挑战。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”过去分词作后置定语表被动，而“tho

44、se”和“involve”之间是主动关系，所以将“involved”改为“involving”。6. 问答题The costs of watching the film is that it takes up 120 minutes of your time - time which could A B Cbe spent in bed asleep. The benefit is the enjoyment gained from each extra minute viewed. D【答案】试题答案：A; cost【解析】考查主谓一致。谓语动词is用的是单数形式，故主语也需要用单数形式。7

45、. 单选题Children may not enjoy to eat sweets after a meal so much as at other times, but it is healthier A B Cfor them to do so. D问题1选项A.to eatB.so much asC.atD.to do【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。试题答案：A; eating8. 单选题The word euthanasia is of Greek origin and literally means “a good death. T

46、he American Heritage Dictionary defines it as the act of killing a person painlessly for reasons of mercy. Such killing can be done through active means, such as administering a lethal injection, or by passive means, such as withholding medical care or food and water.In recent years in the United St

47、ates, there have been numerous cases of active euthanasia in the news. They usually involve the deliberate killing of ill or incapacitated persons by relatives or friends who plead that they can no longer bear to see their loved ones suffer. Although such killings are a crime, the perpetrators are o

48、ften dealt with leniently by our legal system, and the media usually portrays them as compassionate heroes who take personal risks to save another from unbearable suffering.The seeming acceptance of active forms of euthanasia is alarming, but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive form

49、s of euthanasia. Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.While it is illegal to kill someone

50、 directly, for example with a gun or knife, in many cases the law has put its stamp of approval on causing death by omitting needed care. Further, many states have “living will laws designed to protect those who withhold treatment, and there have been numerous court rulings which have approved of pa

51、tients being denied care and even starved and dehydrated to death.Because such deaths occur quietly within the confines of hospitals and nursing homes, they can be kept hidden from the public. Most euthanasia victims are old or very ill, so their deaths might be attributed to a cause other than the

52、denial of care that really killed them. Further, it is often relatives of the patient who request that care be withheld. In one court case, the court held that decisions to withhold life-sustaining care may be made not only by close family members but also by a number of third parties, and that such

53、 decisions need not be reviewed by the judicial system if there is no disagreement between decision makers and medical staff. The court went so far as to rule that a nursing home may not refuse to participate in the fatal withdrawal of food and water from an incompetent patient!Extraordinary or “her

54、oic treatment need not be used when the chance for recovery is poor and medical intervention would serve only to prolong the dying process. But to deny customary and reasonable care or to deliberately starve or dehydrate someone because he or she is very old or very ill should not be permitted. Most

55、 of the cases coming before the courts do not involve withholding heroic measures from imminently dying people, but rather they seek approval for denying basic care, such as administration of food and water, to people who are not elderly or terminally ill, but who are permanently incapacitated. Thes

56、e people could be expected to live indefinitely, though in an impaired state, if they were given food and water and minimal treatment.No one has the right to judge that anothers life is not worth living. The basic right to life should not be abridged because someone decides that someone elses qualit

57、y of life is too low. If we base the right to life on quality of life standards, there is no logical place to draw the line.To protect vulnerable patients, we must foster more positive attitudes towards people with serious and incapacitating illnesses and conditions. Despite the ravages of their dis

58、eases, they are still our fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect. We must also enact positive legislation that will protect vulnerable people from those who consider their lives meaningless or too costly to maintain and who would cause their deaths by withholding life-sustaining care s

59、uch as food and water.1.The tone of the author can best be described as （ ）.2.In paragraph 3, the author finds starvation and dehydration induced euthanasia is to be more insidious because（ ）.3.As used in paragraph 3, what is the best synonym for insidious?4.The author maintains that death by withho

60、lding care is（ ）.5.As used in paragraph 7, which is the best definition of abridged?6.The main idea of paragraph 7 is that（ ）.7.In the final paragraph the author writes, Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are stillour fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect. The main purpose of

61、 this statement is to（ ）.问题1选项A.pleadingB.argumentativeC.compassionateD.emphaticE.mpathetic问题2选项A.euthanasia is legally considered to be a criminal actB.the publics attitude toward euthanasia is becoming more positiveC.it often involves those who cannot protestD.the patient has asked to die with dignityE.its perpetrators are viewed as kindly caregivers问题3选项A.mischievousB.treacherousC.seductiveD.apparentE.cumulative问题4选项A.largely confined to hospitalsB.largely confined to the terminally illC.often requested by family membersD.approved by living will