2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解41

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1、2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The directions were so（ ）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.notoriousC.ambitiousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ingenious“机灵的；心灵手巧的”；B选项notorious“声名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C选项ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D选项ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱两可的”。句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能

2、完成任务。因此D选项符合题意。2. 单选题If you have any question or want to further your reading, you can turn to the（ ）for the sources in this book and the reference books on the same subject.问题1选项A.bibliographyB.biographyC.catalogD.category【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bibliography“参考书目；文献目录”；B选项biography“传记；档案”；C选项catalog“目录；

3、登记”；D选项category“种类；分类”。句意：如果你有任何问题，或想深化阅读，可以翻阅获得书中的材料的来源和相同主题的参考书。根据提示词turn to“翻到”，和后面的for the sources in this book and the reference books on the same subject“获得书中的材料的来源和相同主题的参考书”。通常文章会将所有引用过的文献记录在文献目录里。因此A选项符合题意。3. 填空题Directions: This part consists of ten sentences. Each sentence has four parts un

4、derlined and labeled A, B, C and D. Identify the one choice that is not accepted in standard English and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.21. A few A naturally elements exist in such small B amounts that they are known C mainly from laboratory-made D sample

5、s.22. A To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose B itself to C a source of warmth such as D direct sunlight.23. A severe illness A where she was B just nineteen months old C deprived Helen Keller D of both her sight and hearing.24. In A the wild, tea plants become B trees of C

6、approximately thirty feet in Dhigh.25. For many centuries, sailors A relied on echoes B to warn them of Canother ships, icebergs, or cliffs in D foggy weather.26. A It is the B interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, C that are the main focus of D social psychol

7、ogy.27. It is true that A the rotation of the Earth B on its axis is responsible C with the alternation of periods D of light and darkness.28. One of the most difficult A questions B in defining sleep C is “What D is the functions of sleep?”29. Seven A of planets rotate in the same direction B as th

8、eir orbital motions, C while Venus and Uranus rotate in the D opposite direction.30. The tongue is A capable of many B motions and configurations and plays C a vital role in chewing, D swallowed, and speaking.【答案】21. A22. B23. A24. D25. C26. C27. C28. D29. A30. D【解析】21. 考查形容词和副词的运用。将naturally改为natur

9、al；后面的elements“要素”为名词。记忆点：形容词修饰名词，副词大多用来修饰动词。22. 考查代词的对应关系。将itself改成themselves；句中指代的对象是animals，是复数名词，代词也同样需要使用复数形式。23. 考查从句引导词的使用。将where改成when；后面的she was just nineteen months old，用来特定表示那个时间段，而时间状语从句用when进行连接引导。where主要表地点。24.考查固定词组搭配。将high改成height；“in height”表示“在高度上”，是固定搭配。25. 考查代词的搭配。将another改成other

10、；因为后面的ships是复数名词，而another后面接单数名词，故应改为other。26. 考查主谓一致。将are改成is；整句的大体结构为（Itsthat）rather than作为插入语，不充当居中主要成分，the interaction between people才是本句的主语，为单数，故从句的谓语动词也应使用单数。27. 考查词组的固定搭配。将with改成for；be responsible for“对负责”，为固定搭配。28. 考查主谓一致。将is改成are，主谓一致；one of接复数可数名词。后面的主语为questions，故此句的谓语动词应使用复数形式are。29. 考查定

11、冠词的用法。在planets前添加the；在本句中的planets是特指太阳系中的九大行星，因此，需要加入定冠词the。30. 考查连词的一致性。将swallowed改成swallowing；句中play a vital role in+动名词，and连接所有动词的使用形式需要一致。4. 单选题George was（ ）from military service while he was still in school.问题1选项A.preventedB.restrainedC.exemptedD.stopped【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevented“阻止；避免”；B选项re

12、strained“抑制；约束”；C选项exempted“免除；豁免”；D选项stopped“停止；终止”。句意：乔治还在学校的时候就被服兵役。military service“兵役”，服兵役是一项责任。exempt做形容词有被免除责任和义务的意思，而且exempt sb. from sth.为固定搭配，意为“免除某人某事”。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题Wind and water cause（ ）in rocks and soil.问题1选项A.conversionB.erosionC.depressionD.diversion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conversion“转

13、变”；B选项erosion“腐蚀”；C选项depression“沮丧；洼地；不景气；忧愁；低气压区”；D选项diversion“令人分心的事物；改道”。句意：风和水让岩石和土壤。风和水对岩石和土壤有侵蚀作用。因此B选项符合题意。6. 单选题Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruite

14、rs, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) programs that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were firebombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military

15、academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and

16、demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available, free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange)

17、privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years service it is $2,305. The services slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking

18、down the school hallways chanting Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nations youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge

19、 telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101% of authorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.The military aca

20、demics are also enjoying prosperous years, attracting more and better-qualified students. Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is rep

21、orted 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this years freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000, a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70s, the ROTC students refused to

22、 wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.31. What is the main idea of this passage?32. What was the attitude of the stude

23、nts in 1970s towards the military?33. The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to（ ）.34. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students?35. According to the ending paragraph what are students attitude toward their classmates wearing uniforms to class?问题1选项A.The Milita

24、ry is inB.The Military is outC.The Military is downD.The Military is on问题2选项A.ApprovalB.IndifferenceC.DistasteD.Admiration问题3选项A.“become visible”B.“begin to grow”C.“be made public”D.“graduate from college”问题4选项A.Free tuitionB.Spacious roomC.Considerable allowanceD.Technical training问题5选项A.They are i

25、nfuriatedB.They want to follow suitC.They think them strangeD.They take it for granted【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】31. 主旨大意题。定位在第一段Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting.（军队形象不仅高大，招收新兵的质量和数量明显

26、得到恢复。）说明军队回到了原来有魅力的时刻了，又开始变得流行起来了。因此A选项“军队又流行了”符合题意，正确。B选项“军队过时了”，C选项“军队垮了”，D选项“军队开始了”，B，C，D选项均不符合题意，可排除。故选A。32. 客观细节题。定位在最后一段的第二句In the mid 70s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule if they did.（70年代中期，后备军官训练队的学生拒绝在校园里穿制服，因为如果穿了，他们会遭

27、到各种嘲笑。）由此可知那时候学生对于军队是特别不喜欢的。因此C选项“厌恶”正确，符合题意。A选项“认可”，B选项“冷漠；不关心”，D选项“钦佩；赞赏”均不符合题意。故选C。33. 词义推测题。由关键词定位到文章第二段Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year.（学生们知道，要是进入军队，当上核武器专家，他们就能出来并可要求6万美元年薪。）学生们是需要先进入军队学习后，当上

28、了核武器专家，那么从军队出来后对年薪可提出要求。因此地点应该定位军校，从军校出来即学成毕业。因此D选项“从大学毕业”，符合题意，正确。A选项“成为可见的”，B选项“开始生长”，C选项“使公开”，均不符合题意。故选D。34. 客观细节题。定位到第二段Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military.（可以肯定的是，低迷的经济增加了军队提供的工作、技术培训和慷慨的学生贷

29、款的吸引力。）Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available, free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges.（军队薪资尽管比不上私人公司中类似

30、工作的工资，但已经很可观了，尤其考虑到军队里有一系列的福利待遇，如免费医疗，膳宿，军人消费合作社特惠等。）和第三段的Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth.（私立大学里，学费和各类费用一直急剧上升，相比之下，上军事院校确实便宜，不仅学费全免

31、，新生每月还可拿500美元的补贴。）可知军队吸引学生的原因包含A选项“免学费”，C选项“可观的津贴”和D选项“技术培训”，B选项“宽敞的房间”并未提及。故选B。35. 客观细节题。定位到最后一段Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice.（现在如果他们穿着去上课，没人会多看一眼。）说明现在穿制服去上课，已经是很普遍的事情了。因此D选项“他们认为这是理所当然的”正确，符合题意。A选项“他们被激怒了”，B选项“他们想效仿”，C选项“他们觉得他们很奇怪”，均不符合题意，故选D。7. 填空题Direction: There is

32、a defect in each of the following sentences, please improve the sentences by rewriting with the lest modification on ANSWER SHEET (10%)Example: Sharon is not the type of girl that every man wants to marry.Answer: Sharon is not the type of girl whom every man wants to marry.66. I will read the resear

33、ch papers which from the top journal in my discipline.67. The professor examined the student, being in his office at the time.68. As we traveled around the country, we saw natural wonders, watched the movies, and were fishing in various lakes.69. The teacher told us all students, who study hard enou

34、gh, will past the examination.70. Before writing, we spend a lot of time on gathering information is essential.【答案】66. I will read the research papers from the top journal in my discipline.67. The professor examined the student in his office at the time.68. As we traveled around the country, we saw

35、natural wonders, watched the movies, and fished in various lakes.69. The teacher tells us all students, who study hard enough, will past the examination.70. Before writing, that we spend a lot of time on gathering information is essential.【解析】66. which from the top journal in my discipline应作为定语修饰pap

36、ers,而which引导定语从句在句中缺乏谓语动词，因此需要去掉which，变成介词短语直接作后置定语。67. 将逗号和being去掉，介词短语in his office at the time可直接作后置定语修饰the student，整个句子会更加简洁。68. 在一个句中出现了以and连接的并列成分，后面的词性、时态均保持一致。故应将were fishing更改为fished，与前面的saw和watched保持一致。69. 考查语法时态，主将从现。从句中使用的是一般将来时表虚拟，主句应该使用一般现在时才符合语法结构。因此需要将主句的谓语动词told改为一般现在时tell，主语是the te

37、acher为第三人单数，故谓语动词的使用应与其保持一致，应改为tells。70. 句中成分完整，但we spend a lot of time on gathering information做主语时，引导词that不可省略。8. 单选题The gym has equipped with various pieces of weight-lifting（ ）.问题1选项A.apparatusB.applianceC.gaugeD.implement【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项apparatus“装置；设备”；B选项appliance“器具；器械”；C选项gauge“计量器；容量规格”

38、；D选项implement“工具；器具”。句意：这个健身房有各种举重。apparatus一般可用为所有设备的总称。appliance侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器。implement原指史前人类所用的工具，现在多指农用工具，也可指为实现某个任务所需的工具或器具。地点是健身房，关键信息various pieces of“各种类型的”，在句中缺少对举重设备的一个总的概括。因此A选项符合题意。9. 单选题We were filled with trepidation as we（ ）our way into that big dark cave, expecting anything, bats

39、, snakes and God knows what else.问题1选项A.exploredB.expoundedC.itchedD.inched【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explored“开发；探寻”；B选项expounded“详述；阐述”；C选项itched“发痒；渴望”；D选项inched“使缓慢地移动；慢慢移动”。句意：当我们那个黑暗的大洞穴时，想到可能会碰到任何事物，蝙蝠、蛇，谁知道还会有什么，心中便充满了恐惧。根据关键词trepidation“恐惧；惊恐”，我们是带着恐惧前行的，可想而知其行进速度一定是很慢的。因此D选项符合题意。10. 单选题Id rather y

40、ou（ ）by train, because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.问题1选项A.wentB.would goC.should goD.had gone【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。句意：我宁愿你坐火车去，因为我无法忍受你在这种糟糕的天气还要乘飞机的想法。动词go的一般过去式为went，故选A。11. 单选题While her friends were busy trying

41、to land on a job in Wall Street, she decided to stay in her humble little town and（ ）in growing organic corn.问题1选项A.specializeB.expertiseC.commercializeD.privatize【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项specialize“专门研究；专攻”；B选项expertise“专门知识；专门技能”；C选项commercialize“使商业化；使商品化”；D选项privatize“使私有化；使归私有”。句意：尽管她的朋友都忙于在华尔街找份工作，她

42、却决定待在她的小镇上种植有机玉米。根据句意可以知道她和她的朋友不一样，决定了就在小镇上专门从事有机玉米的种植。因此A选项符合题意。12. 单选题The sewage system of the city（ ）the water so that swimming was forbidden.问题1选项A.dilutedB.divertedC.culminatedD.contaminated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项diluted“稀释；削弱”；B选项diverted“转移；使转向”；C选项culminated“使结束；达到顶点”；D选项contaminated“污染；弄脏”。句意：城

43、市的污水系统了这片水域，因此游泳被禁止。关键词sewage“污水”和后面的结果swimming was forbidden“游泳被禁止了”由此可知是污水会污染这片水域。本句使用的是过去式，因此空格内应填入谓语动词的过去式。因此D选项符合题意。13. 翻译题西部开发中国改革开放以来，国民经济年均增长速度达到9.7%。中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国投向了西部并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁

44、荣。【答案】Western Development14. 单选题（ ）wins the competition gets to travel the world for a year, all expenses paid.问题1选项A.Those whoB.He whoC.She whoD.Whoever【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。空格后接的是动词wins“赢得”，可知空格内缺少一个主语，且主语只能为单数形式。故排除A选项。赢了的人不论男女费用全免。Whoever相当于no matter who无论是谁，概括的范围更广。句意：任何人赢得比赛，可以环游世界一年，费用全免。因此D选项符合题

45、意。15. 单选题How are Nike and Starbucks connected? Both are brands, perhaps Nike being more well-known. Both are lifestyle products. Both have US origins. And both have benefited from the expertise of brand expert Scott Bedbury.When Bedbury joined Nike in 1987, the company was a US $750 million business

46、. He directed Nikes worldwide advertising campaign and launched the “Just do it” theme. When he left in 1994, Nike was a US $4 billion company.Now Bedbury is senior vice president of marketing at Starbucks Coffee, responsible for building the US $700 million Seattle 9 based company into a global bra

47、nd.Bedbury has some brand-building principles.Principle One: A great brand is in it for the long haul. This means that companies need to realize that a great brand is a necessity, not luxury. It means that companies cannot focus just on short term financial returns and sacrifice long-term brand-buil

48、ding investments.Principle Two: A great brand can be anything. Nike does not simply have to be shoes and apparels (服装). Nike can take advantage of the deep emotional connection that people have with sports and fitness. Starbucks has the opportunity for emotional leverage as coffee has woven itself i

49、nto the fabric of peoples lives.Principle Three: A great brand knows itself. This means finding out what need to energize and re-energize the brand through surprising, intriguing campaigns related to the brands core positioning.Principle Four: A great brand investor invents or reinvents an entire ca

50、tegory. According to Bedbury, great brand aims to be a protagonist it adds a greater sense of purpose to the experience consumers have with the brand. Nike has an informed opinion on where sports are going.Principle Five: A great brand taps emotions. Product performance is good but it is the emotion

51、al connection that matters most. Theres always the emotional element behind every choice. A brand that helps consumers connect with their dreams and aspirations is bound to have more powerful emotional bonding.Whats important to remember is that a great brand can travel worldwide, transcend cultural

52、 barriers.1. This passage is mainly focused on（ ）.2. The attempt the author mentions Nike and Starbucks is to（ ）.3. The main idea of Principle Five is that（ ）.4. The sentence “a great brand can be anything” in paragraph 6 implies that（ ）.问题1选项A.how to build a great brandB.the importance of building

53、a brandC.the development of NikeD.how to make advertisement appealing问题2选项A.indicate the achievement of BedburyB.take them as successful examples, of brand buildingC.point importance of these two companies in AmericaD.compare the difference between them问题3选项A.it is not necessary to pay attention to

54、product performanceB.great brands are so impressive to consumers that they appear in their dreamsC.great brands will influence consumers emotionsD.emotional appealing of a product is more powerful than the product itself问题4选项A.a great brand is more important than anything elseB.marketing a great bra

55、nd alone is enoughC.a great brand can be the brand of any productD.the function of a great brand is very important【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D【解析】1. 主旨大意题。本文围绕“如何打造品牌”展开叙述。开头说到Nike和Starbucks都是受益于Scott Bedbury才成为世界著名品牌的，重点讲述了他对建立品牌有一些原则，文章最后再指出品牌的重要性。因此A选项“如何打造一个伟大的品牌”正确，符合题意。B选项“打造品牌的重要性”，只是小部分陈述，不能作为本文

56、的主旨。C选项“耐克的发展”，文中不仅仅只谈耐克的发展，可排除。D选项“如何使广告具有吸引力”与题意不符。故选A。2. 推理判断题。定位到第一段How are Nike and Starbucks connected? Both are brands, perhaps（耐克和星巴克是如何联系在一起的？也许这两个都是品牌。）And both have benefited from the expertise of brand expert Scott Bedbury.（耐克和星巴克都是受益于斯科特贝德伯里才成为世界著名品牌。）紧接着用第二段和第三段的数据说明了这点。第四段开始进入文章主题贝德伯里

57、建设品牌的几大原则。由此可推理作者提出品牌耐克和星巴克的目的是作为成功“品牌建设”的好的例子，从而引出文章的主题。因此B选项“把它们作为品牌建设的成功范例”正确，符合题意。A选项“指出贝德伯里的成就”，C选项“指出这两家公司在美国的重要性”，D选项“比较它们的差异”均不符合题意。故选B。3. 推理判断题。由关键信息Principle Five定位到第九段A great brand taps emotions. Product performance is good but it is the emotional connection that matters most.（一个伟大的品牌触动情感

58、。产品性能好，但最重要的是情感联系。）Theres always the emotional element behind every choice.（每个选择的背后总是有情感元素。）A brand that helps consumers connect with their dreams and aspirations is bound to have more powerful emotional bonding.（品牌，帮助消费者连接他们的梦想和愿望，一定要有更强大的情感联结。）第五原则主要谈论的是产品的情感吸引力对于品牌的重要意义。由此可推理产品的情感号召力比产品本身更重要。因此D选

59、项“产品的情感吸引力比产品本身更强大”正确，符合题意。A选项“不必注意产品性能”；B选项“伟大的品牌给消费者留下了深刻的印象，以至于他们出现在他们的梦想中”，C选项“伟大的品牌会影响消费者的情绪”均不符合题意。故选D。4. 根据提示定位到第六段Principle Two: A great brand can be anything.原则二：一个伟大的品牌可以是任何东西。给出一个总结，然后结合耐克与星巴克进行论证。Nike does not simply have to be shoes and apparels.（耐克不仅仅是鞋子和衣服。）Nike can take advantage of

60、the deep emotional connection that people have with sports and fitness.（耐克可以利用人们的运动和健身，从而建立深厚的情感联系。）随着咖啡成为人们生活的必需，星巴克就有了情感影响力的机会。由此可知一个伟大的品牌，它的影响力是可以从内向外，非常大的。因此D选项“一个伟大品牌的作用是非常重要的”正确，符合题意。A选项“一个伟大的品牌比任何其他都重要”，B选项“仅靠营销一个伟大的品牌就足够了”，C选项“一个伟大的品牌可以是任何产品的品牌”均不符题意。故选D。16. 单选题Hardly（ ）opened the letter（ ）r

61、ushed out of the house, wild with joy.问题1选项A.did he, when heB.had he, when heC.had he, did heD.did he, he when【答案】B【解析】考查部分倒装。当Hardly在句首时，为固定的倒装，且和when搭配，为Hardlywhen，可排除C选项。空格后open是实义动词且已经是ed形式，证明之前不能使用did（使用did，open要相对应的使用原型），排除A, D选项，句意：他一打开信，就欣喜若狂地冲出了房子。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题Since there was no place to

62、take shelter, we got（ ）in the sudden downpour in no time.问题1选项A.stainedB.soakedC.sprayedD.sticky【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stained“玷污的”；C选项sprayed“被喷成雾状的”；D选项sticky“粘性的”。句意：由于没有地方躲避，我们立即被突然而至的倾盆大雨了。可根据关键词downpour倾盆大雨，和前面的no place进行联想猜测。B选项soaked“湿透的”更符合语境。故选B。18. 单选题It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came（ ）down the street.问题1选项A.hobblingB.stumblingC.staggeringD.limping【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hobbling“蹒跚；跛行”；B选项stumbling“踌躇；蹒跚”；C选项staggering“蹒跚；踉跄”；D选项limping“跛行”。句意：他地走到街上，很明显是喝太多了。hobble“跛行”，尤其是