英国文学史复习资料
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英国文学史资料 British Writers and Works I Old English Literature Henry IV Richard III Henry V Richard II Henry VIII Four Comedies 皆大欢喜 第十二夜 仲夏夜之梦 威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies 哈姆莱特 奥赛罗 李 尔王 麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet 154 Three quatrain and one couplet ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme III The 17th Century 1 John Milton 约翰 弥尔顿 1608 1674 诗人 政论家 失明后写 失乐园 复乐园 力士参孙 Epics 失乐园 复乐园 Dramatic poem 力士参孙 论出版自由 为英国人民声辩 我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde typical of Italian sonnet Its theme is that people use their talent for God and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best 2 John Bunyan 约翰 班扬 1628 1688 代表作 天路历程 宗教寓言 被誉为 具有永恒意义的百科全书 是 英国文学史上里程碑式著作 与但丁的 神曲 奥古斯丁的 忏悔录 并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作 Puritan poet 清教徒派诗人 Religionary Allegory 天路历程 3 John Donne the Metaphysical poet 玄学派诗人 Metaphysical Poetry 玄学诗 用语 the diction is simple the imagery is from the actual 形式 the form is frequently an argument with the poet s beloved with god or with himself 主题 love religious thought Artistic features 1 conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻 2 syllogism 三段论 Meditations 沉思录 The Flea 虱子 Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets Valediction IV The 18th Century A revival of interest in the old classical works order logic restrained emotion 抑制情感 and accuracy The Age of Enlightenment Reason the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries a progressive intellectual movement reason rationality equality Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert Southey 1 William Wordsworth 威廉 华兹华斯 1770 1850 与柯尔律治 骚塞同被称为 湖畔派 诗人 The Lake Poets 抒情歌谣集 with Samuel Taylor Coleridge Theme 1 Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance It is nature that give him strength and knowledge fullof peace 2 It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude Comment The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights In the poem on the beauty of nature the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙 and poet s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper 孤独的割麦女 序曲 2 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔 泰勒 科尔律治 1772 1834 The Lake Poets 古舟子颂 柯里斯塔贝尔 忽必烈汗 Artistic features mysticism demonism with strong imagination a strange territory 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 抒情歌谣集 with William Wordsworth 3 George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登 拜伦 1788 1824 拜伦式英雄 Byronic heroes 孤傲 狂热 浪漫 却充满了反抗精神 内心充满了孤独与苦闷 却又蔑视群小 恰尔德 哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第 一个 拜伦式英雄 Byronic hero is a proud mysterious rebel figure of noble origin against tyrannical rules or moral principles 唐 璜 恰尔德 哈罗德尔游记 该隐 当初我们俩分别 4 Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西 比希 雪莱 1792 1822 Poetic Drama 解放了的普罗米修斯 Theme the drama celebraies man s victory over tyranny and oppression 麦布女王 伊斯兰的反叛 钦契一家 诗辩 无神论的必要性 Lyrics 西风颂 Theme The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring This is a poem about renewal about the wind blowing life back into dead things implying not just an arc of life which would end at death but a cycle which only starts again when something dies Comment Percy Bysshe Shelley s Ode to the West Wind is written in iambic pentameter It contains five sonnet length stanzas each with a closing couplet The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee The tone is poignant Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life Artistic features Using rerza rima 三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe 致云雀 5 John Keats 约翰 济慈 1795 1821 美即是真 真即是美 是他的著名诗句 Four great odes 希腊古瓮颂 夜莺颂 心灵颂 忧郁颂 秋颂 Theme The theme of John Keats poem To Autumn is that change is both natural and beautiful The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader Comment The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before Each of the poem s three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day 6 Jane Austen 简 奥斯丁 1775 1817 She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire 理智与感情 傲慢与偏见 chapter I Elizabeth Bennet novels of character and environment Novels 德伯家的苔丝 Theme experience is as to intensity and not as to duration 无名的裘德 绿荫下 远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长 还乡 Poems Wessex Poems And Other Verses Poems Of The Past And Present The Dynasts 列国 VII 1900 1950 The 20th Century Playwrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw 1 Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡 王尔德 1856 1900 The Aesthetic Movement Art for Art s Sake 4 Comedies 认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的扇子 一个无足轻重的女人 理想的丈夫 Novel 多利安 格雷的画像 Fairy Stories 快乐王子故事集 2 George Bernard Shaw 乔治 伯纳 萧 1856 1950 英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家 critical realistic dramatist Plays Plays Unpleasant 华伦夫人的职业 鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant 武器与人 左右命运的人 Plays 人与超人 匹格玛利翁 苹果车 圣女贞德 Novelists Realists 1 Joseph Concrad 吉姆爷 黑暗的心 1 Why the book s title is Heart of Darkness The story happened in Congo the heart of Africa and the color of people s skin in there is black Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans heart 2 What is the symbolism of black and white Black dark death evil ignorance mystery savagery uncivilized Middle Ages when science and knowledge was suppressed as the Dark Ages According to Christianity in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light According to Heart of Darkness before the Romans came England was dark In the same way Africa was considered to be in the dark stage White light life goodness enlightenment civilized religion Yet in Concrad the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth The truth within therefore dark and obscure whiteness means falsehood This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths The trade in ivory is white and dirty Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt 3 Comment The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies Civilization however must be learned London itself in the book a symbol of enlightenment was once one of the darker places of the earth before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background This savagery is seen in Kurtz Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de evolved into a primitive state 4 Character Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective civilized environment Marlow represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark alienating jungle 5 Narrative Structure In Heart of Darkness we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz However most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz he has learned from others They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz s story 2 William Somerset Maugham 人性的枷锁 3 Edward Morgan Foster E M Foster 印度之行 霍华兹别墅 Modernists 3 Novelists James Joyce David Herbert Lawrence Virgirnia Woolf 1 David Herbert Lawrence 戴维 赫伯特 劳伦斯 1885 1930 儿子与情人 autobiographical Mrs Morel daughter of a middle class family is a woman of character and refinement a strong willed intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm vigorous and sensuous coal miner Walter Morel and married beneath her own class Then she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons She hopes that they will become outstanding Paul Morel depends heavily on his mother s love and help to make sense of the world around him He struggle to free from his mother s influence but he failed After his mother has died and he is left alone in despair Theme Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works He believed that the healthy way of the individual s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life implulse or in another term the sexual impulse huaman sexuality was to Lawrence a symbol of life force by presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D H Lawrence s Sons and Lovers 虹 恋爱中的女人 查特莱夫人的情人 2 James Joyce 詹姆斯 乔伊斯 1882 1941 爱尔兰小说家 意识流小说的代表人物 stream of consciousness 尤利西斯 S O C 一个青年艺术家的肖像 芬尼根的苏醒 都柏林人 3 Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼娅 沃尔芙 1882 1941 意识流小说的代表人物 stream of consciousness Novels 达洛维夫人 到灯塔去 浪 雅各布的房间 奥兰朵 幕间 2 Poets W B Yeats William Butler Yeats T S Eliot Thomas Sterns Eliot 1 William Butler Yeats 威廉 勃特勒 叶茨 1865 1939 爱尔兰诗人 剧作家 The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动 The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴 The Irish Literary Theater or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团 collections 苇风 责任 塔 旋转的楼梯 Poems 复活节 1916 第二次来临 再世 到拜占庭航行 2 Thomas Sterns Eliot 诗人 剧作家 批评家 Poems 四个四重奏 Plays 大教堂谋杀案- 配套讲稿:
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