小升初英语总复习1.doc
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小升初英语总复习I.字母部分I).英文字母顺序表 A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m, N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z II).字母归类 从读音上看,英文字母可以分为元音和辅音字母,A a, E e, I i O o, U u 为5个元音字母,Y y, 为半元音字母,其他的都是辅音字母.III).字母书写格式 I,大写字母都一样高,不顶第一线.II 1)小写字母(a,c, e,m,n,o,r,s,u,v,w,x,z)写在中间格,上下都不出格. 2)小写字母(b,d,h,k,l)上顶第一线,占上,中格 3)小写字母(g,q,y)的下端抵第四线II语音部分 与字母发音相同的单词 B bee C sea see G gee I I eye P pea Q quene R are T tea U you Y why 英语中有48个语音因素,其中: 20元音因素: 28个辅音因素:III. 词汇部分 人物(people)family.grandfather(grandpa)grandmother(grandma)parents=father(dad)+mother(mum) uncle aunt brother sister cousin son daughter baby kid boy girl man woman mr miss lady classmate pen pal friend neighbour relative robot tourist visitor 职业(jobs)Teacher pupil studen nurse policeman Sodier poet postman driver fireman hunter butcher hawer人体(body)Head hair eye nose ear mouth tooth neck arm hand finger knee leg foot动物(animals)Cow pig duck hen mouse bird lion monkey dog frog cat猫 rabbit puppy wolf bull pet elephant tiger seagull ladybird学习用品(shool things)Bag schoolbag book English book chinese book pen pencil pencil-box sharpener ruler eraser glue dictionary数词(num)基数词(1-20):Zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirtten fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty序数词(第一到第二十):first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth nineth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth食物饮料(foods and drinks)Meal breakfast lunch suuper picnic rice rice-dumpling noodle cold drink soup water pepper jam salt sugar lollipop tea sweet egg eggyolk jelly nut chocolate ice-cream milk cake mooncake biscuit bread meat beaf fish pork mutton水果蔬菜( fruit and vegetable)Apple pine-apple banana orange mango lemon carro grape气象(weather)Warm cool rain wind hot cold windy cloudy snowy sunny forecast颜色(colours)Red pink blue yellow white orange grey brown衣服(clother)Hat scalf jumper coat shirt T-shirtT raincoat glaves belt trousers dress swimming suit socks stocking 交通工具(vehicles)bick bicycle boat car bus ship subway plan train taxi 课程(courses)English chinese math music science 月份(months) (1月-12月)January February March A-pil May June July August September October November December季节(seasons)Spring summer autumn winter星期(week)(周一至周日) Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday weekday weekend节日(Festival)Spring Festival The Dragon Boat Festival National Day Chidrens Day Christmas房屋家具(house)Door bed table chair wardrobe teapot bench seat sofa stair roof light lamp chimney slide cupboard scissors自然(nature)Bridge lake sky road sand stone land earth运动(sports)Metre race football basketball hot dance skip swimming swing lion dance dragon danc roller-blanding国家(countries)China Canada India France America English Australia地点(locations)School classroom class bookestore shopping centre market cafe cinemal shop pet shop post office bank railway station zoom space museum home garden kitchen room bedroom living room flat city village storeroom名词(noun)Name flag hobby sticker sticker story album photo timetable plan reunion fire-cracker top cion dollar pound yuan camp television bamboo paiting present film hole field horn idea medicine phone age picture number cover mark librarian notice sum yesterday today tomorrow corner matter outing red packet ticket holiday piano pie homework housework paint purse 动词(verb) Jump run throw fly meet know touch raise take can see need learn keep sell drop catch will wont stay hate rub kill scold visit open carry pick hide reply wait finish help hit enjoy ask steal search pull paste break flod wink burn comb turn sign iron collect hold brush write bake sweep cook walk go come climb give mess guess borrow forget feel have like fit remember arrive shout wave cry bark miss understand talk shappen动词词组(verb phrases)Pick up put down wake up good at fall over try to never mind look for hand in on foot get up go to bed Gests do not go in No mobile phone No talking No fishing No picking of flowers No spitting No parking形容词(adj)Nice good big beautiful fine well kind old happy angry sad shy hungry lovely long short thin thick cheap dear hard soft dirty sick naughty strange late magic lonely weak worried little heavy light louder smaller bigger pleased foolish exicited huge dangerous clever diffcult straight enough useful interteting interested similar same more less fewer different better other boring famous ugly empty busy strong left right wrong疑问词What who when where how why 方位介词 at in on in front of behind outside inside near beside under aboveIV.要求写词A名词单数变复数(规则变化)a.一般情况下,在词尾加- s. apple-apples,cake-cakes map-maps b.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的词,尾加-es.box-boxes,glass-glasses,brush-brushes,c.辅音字母加-y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es family-families,baby-babiesd.元音字母加-y结尾的词,直接加-s boy-boys, day-days, key-keys(不规则变化)e.特殊变化:foot-feet man-men woman-women mouse-mice tooth-teethf.单,复数不变:chinese-chinese japanese-japanese deer-deer sheep-sheep fish-fish B.动词的第三人称单数,现在分词,过去式的变化a. 第三人称单数形式:a).一般情况下,在动词原形后加-s. work-works, run-runs,like-likesb).以-o,-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的动词,加-es.teach-teachesc). 辅音字母加-y结尾的动词, 先变y为i,再加-es.try-tries,study-studiesd). 以元音字母加-y结尾的动词,直接在后边加-s.stay-stays.play-playsb现在分词a). 在动词原形后加-ing. catch-catching do-doing go-goingb).以不发音e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing.write-writing,have-having,give-giving bite-biting come-comingc).以重读闭音节结尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母后,再加-ing.swim-swimming,run-running,put-putting sit-sittingd)少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加ing.die-dying,lie-lyingc词过去式(规则)a). 在动词原形后加-ed work-workedb).辅音字母加-y结尾的动词, 先变y为i,再加-ed. .try-tried,study-studiedc). 以重读闭音节结尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母后,再加-ed stop-stopped,plan-planned(不规则的动词过去式)Put-put go-went get-got come-came run-ran give-gave keep-kept eat-ate shoot-shot bring-brought can-could sit-sat meet-met say-said read-read have-had do-did see-saw take-tooke make-made sing-sang buy-bought hold-held fell-felt fall-fell ride-rode fly-flew C.同音异形词归纳 Two-to-too their-there know-no right-write pair-pear sun-son dear-deer four-for hair-hare wear-where week-weakD.缩略词归纳 a. 系动词,助动词与副词的缩写; is not=isnt are not=arent have not=havent has not=hasnt do not=do not does not=doesnt can not=cant will not=wont b. 代词与系动词,助动词的缩写 I am=Im we are=were you are=youre they are=theyre he is/he has=hes she is/she has=shes that is=thats it is=its you have=youvec.疑问词语系动词的缩写 who is=whos what is=whats when is=whens how is=hows where is=wheresE.反义词(对应词)归纳 a,名词(noun) Day-night boy-girl man-woman mr-mrs b.动词(verb) remember- forget take-bring go-come cry-laught open-close sell-buy borrow-return start-stop leave-stay love-hate sit-stand ask-answer learn-teach pull-push find-lost c.副词(advb) yes-no here-there always-never d.( prep)in-out up-down at first-at laste. 形容词(adj)more-less same-different left-rightwrong beautiful-ugly long-short-tall thin-thick cheap-dear hard-soft weak-strong good-bad.heavy-light.smaller-big.clever-stupid better-wose dangerous-saft interteting-boring early-late quiet-noisy new-old far-near east-west clean-dirty hot-cold this-that these-those quick-slow glad-sad fast-slow easy-diffcult warm-cool bright-dark new-old-young white-black F.形容词,副词的比较级,最高级的构成a.(有规则构成) a), 一般情况在词尾加-er或-est tall-taller-tallest b). 结尾是-e的词,只加-r或-st late-later-latest c). 重读闭音节词结尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big-bigger-biggest fat-fatter-fattest d). 辅音字母加-y结尾的双音节词, 先变y为i,再加-er或est early-earlier-earliest e).在多音节词前面加more或most ,这些词有: interesting careful important beautiful carefully quicklyb.(不规则变化) good/well-better-best. bad/ill-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least far-farther-farthestG.形容词变副词 一般情况下,在形容词后面+lyH代词之间的变换(主格)(宾格) (主格)(宾格) I me we us Youyou you youHehim She herIt it they them(物主)(名词性) (物主)(名词性)My mine our ours Your yours your yours his his her hers its its their theirsV.对画线部分提问:(画线的部分是什么成分就对什么提对人物提问用;who对地点提问用;where 对事物名称提问用;what时间提问用;when/what time对星期提问用;what day 对日期提问用;whats the date对颜色提问用;what colour对年级提问用;what grade 对班级提问用;what class对职业提问用;what do(does)sb do? 对原因提问用:why对(交通)方式提问用;how对数量提问用;how many(可数名词)how much(不可数名词)对价格提问用;how much对年龄提问用;how old对重量提问用;how heavy对高度提问用;how tall V.句形转换 A.陈述句转换成否定句: a.如果陈述句中谓语动词是Be动词(am.is.are.was.were),或谓语动词含助动词(do. does.did)情态动词(can,could.may. must),只在它们后加not即可 b.如果have 在句子中是助动词,没有任何意思时,直接在它后面加not即可.当它作“吃,喝,有”时, 在该谓语动词前加 dont.doesnt或 didnt来构成否定式 c.如果陈述句句中谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,在该谓语动词前加 dont.doesnt或 didnt来构成否定式B.陈述句转换成疑问句 a. 如果陈述句中谓语动词含有“移动词” (be动词,助动词,或情态动词).可用此法: 一调:将句中的“可移动词”调到句首,二改:将调出来的动词的首字母改为大写,原来句首动词的大写改为小写(除规定的以外)三问号:即在句末句号改为问号. b. 如果陈述句中谓语动词没有“可移动词”,则采用:一加:在句首加Do, Does. Did二改: 将原句中的大写改为小写(除规定的以外),谓语动词还原三问号. 即在句末句号改为问号VII时态转换A一般现在时; 概念;表示经常发生的动作句式结构:主语+动词原形+其他成分 主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数+其他成分用法:它常与下列副词或时间状语连用:always,often,usually,everyday,B, 现在进行时 概念;表示现在正在发生的动作句式结构:主语+动词Be+现在分词(-ing形式)+其他成分用法:助动词Be应随人称的变化而变化。I am ,you are he/she/it is we/they are. 现在进行时常与时间状语now,a monent 连用C. 过去进行时概念;表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态句式结构:主语+过去分词(-ed形式)+其他成分用法:常与时间状语tomorrow. This morning. last week/month/year.just now连用D.一般将来时概念;表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态句式结构:主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他成分用法:will,shall和be going to 都表示将来时。一般与将来时连用的时间状语有 in the future, tomorrow,next week/year,第一部分;基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU12个单元音:长元音:/:/,/:/,/:/, /i:/,/u:/短元音:/ /e/ /i/ / / / /u/ /3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a)单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb)以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc)不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoesl并列名词中,如果把 s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / anexciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4)在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus三、代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的)复数we(我们)usour(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2形容词加er的规则: 一般在词尾加er ; 以字母e 结尾,加r ; 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3不规则形容词比较级: good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one(3)101999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion1,001one thousand and one18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty billion二、序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) 2on1)表示具体日期。注:(1)关于在周末的几种表示法:at(on)the weekend在周末-特指at(on)weekends在周末-泛指over the weekend在整个周末during the weekend在周末期间 (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas2)在(刚)的时候。On reaching the city he called up his parents一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3in1)表示时段、时期,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)七、动词:动词的四种时态:(1)一般现在时:一般现在时的构成1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(2)一般过去时:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read,fly flew , am/is was ,are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt(3)一般将来时:基本结构: be going to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting第三部分:句法1.陈述句(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00.I watched TV yesterday evening.(2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital.There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑问句一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。3.There be句型There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: Whats + 介词短语?- 配套讲稿:
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