初中二年级人教新目标英语八年级下同步辅导.doc
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【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容: Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it? 一. 语法重点:反意疑问句二. 语言目标: 1. 闲聊在英语中的定义和操练。 2. 学会写感谢信。三. 重点单词: 1. umbrella n. 雨伞,伞 2. noon n. 中午 3. sandy adj. 沙的 4. goodbye int. 再见 5. look through 浏览 6. bookstore n. 书店 7. cross v. 穿过;横过 8. elevator n. 电梯 9. low adj. 低的 10. slow adj. 慢的、缓慢的 11. cost v. 价值(若干);花 12. note n. 短信,笔记 13. get along 相处 14. baby n. 婴儿,小孩 15. at least 至少 16. holiday n. 假日、节日 17. be careful 小心,当心 18. traffic n. 交通 19. review n. 复习,回顾 20. somewhere adv. 某处,在某处四. 重点短语 1. small talk 闲聊 2. talk to / with 与交谈 3. by noon 到中午 4. opening question 开场白、起始句 5. Have a good day! 祝你今天愉快 6. look through 浏览,仔细检查 7. wait in line 排队等候 8. cross the street 过马路,过街 9. Thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事 10. be friendly to 对友好 11. feel like 想要、欲 12. come along 出现、陪伴 13. get along 融洽相处 14. at this time 在这个时候 15. at least 至少、最少 16. be careful 小心,谨慎五. 重点句子: 1. Its a nice day, isnt it? Yes, it is. 2. Youre Bens sister, arent you? Yes, I am. 3. It looks like to rain, doesnt it? Yes, it does. 4. This is great weather, isnt it? It sure is. 5. Have a good day! 6. How much did that shirt cost? 7. How big is your apartment? 8. What do you think of the school? 9. Thank you so much for inviting me. 六. 语法重点: 反意疑问句 反意疑问句是初中阶段英语教学的重点和难点,而这部分内容在教材中又比较分散,有必要把分散的知识集中起来串讲,分块复习,各个击破以提高综合运用能力与应试能力。 反意疑问句要点简述 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。 例如: (1)It looks like rain, doesnt it? 似乎要下雨了,不是吗? (2)He doesnt need to work so late, does he? 他不必工作到那么晚,不是吗? 学习反意疑问句,特别要注意: (1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用arent I. Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我和你妹妹一样高,不是吗? (2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我希望和你谈谈,可以吗? (3)陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? 那个瑞典人没回答,是吗? Some plants never blossom (开花),do they? 一些植物从不开花,是吗? (4)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to +v.),疑问部分常用dont 主语(didnt 主语)。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 我们明天8点得到那儿,是吗? (5)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他可能是一名医生,是吗? You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? 你一定学3年英语了,是吗? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他很可能昨天就完成工作了,是吗? (6)陈述部分由neither nor, eitheror连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we? 你和我都不是工程师,是吗? (7)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isnt it? 每样东西都准备好了,是吗? (8)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况: a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? 史密斯先生去过中国几次了,他现在应该已在中国,不是吗? b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如: 1)He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? 他不是给我们演讲的那个人,是吗? 2)He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? 他说他想要去日本参观,是吗? c. 上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如: 1)I dont think he is bright, is he? 我认为他不聪明,是吗? 2)We believe she can do it better, cant she? 我们相信她能干得更好,是吗? (9)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。例如: 1)Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (doesnt he? ) 每个人都知道这个答案,是吗? 2)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he? ) 没人知道这件事,是吗? (10)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you. 1)Dont do that again, will you? 别再那么干了,好吗? 2)Go with me, will you / wont you? 跟我一起去,好吗? 【注意】Lets开头的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us开头的祈使句,后用will you? 例如: 1)Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 咱们去听音乐,好吗? 2)Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you? 让我们在阅览室等你,好吗? (11)陈述部分是“there be”结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如: 1)There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的手表坏了,是吗? 2)There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦,是吗? (12)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如: 1)It is impossible, isnt it? 这不可能,不是吗? 2)He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他对他的同学不刻薄,是吗? (13)must在表“推测”时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如: (1)He must be there now, isnt he? 他可能在那儿是吗? (2)It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 明天可能要下雨,是吗? 2. 介词at, in, on表示时间的不同用法小结。 (1)at (A)用于表示在时间的某一点或某一时刻 at this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候。 at eight oclock in the morning. 在上午八点钟。 (B)用于表示在三餐或中午、晚上。 What did your mother say at breakfast / lunch / supper time? 早/午/晚饭时你妈妈说什么了? We heard a girl singing in the next room at noon / night. 中午/夜里我们听到一个女孩唱歌。 (C)用于表示节气、年龄 Children often receive presents at Spring Festival. Jim began to play the piano at the age of seven. (2)in (A)用于表示在一段时间内,此时in用于将来时,意为“之后”。 Mother will be back in a few days. 妈妈几天后回来。 (B)用于表示在非特指的早晨,上/下午,夜晚。 in the morning; in the evening. (C)用于表示月份,季节,年,世纪等。 I was born in May, 1982. 我1982年5月出生。 The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. 奥运会于2008年在北京举行。 (3)on (A)用于表示在具体某一天或某一特定日子的上午,下午或晚上。 On January 18, 1956, On Saturday afternoon. (B)用于表示节日 On Christmas Day. On Childrens Day. 七. 重点知识点: 1. cross, across的用法 cross是动词,意思是“越过”、“穿过”,之后应接宾语,相当于go across。 eg: He crossed the street and reached the shop. 他穿过街道,到了这家商店。 across是介词,意思是“越过”、“穿过” eg: They built a bridge across the river. 他们在河上架起了一座桥。 He swam across the river. 他游过了这条河。 2. I hope the movie is good. 我希望电影会好看。 So do I. 我也是。 Im going to be late to school. 我将迟到了。 So am I. 我也是。 “so”作替代时表示与上文提到的情况一样。 Jim bought a nice car. So did Tom. They can swim well. So can we. 在这种情况下,结构为 3. Sometimes it isnt easy being a new kid at school, but I had a wonderful time on Saturday night. 有时,学校里的一个新生并不容易,但是我在星期六晚上过得愉快。 (A)it isnt easy being a new kid at school 的结构,it是形式主语,being a new kid at school是这个句子真正的主语,也可以把它改成:it isnt easy to be a new kid at school. (B)have a wonderful time意为:过得很愉快;这个短语也可以说成:have a good / great time。但have a hard time 意为:过得很艰难;时间过得很难。 例如:We had a great time at my uncles last Sunday. 我们上个星期天在我叔叔家里过得很难。 Have you a good time at his birthday party? 在他的生日晚会上你们高兴吗? 4. Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。 thank for “因而感谢”for为介词,可以是thank for sb. / sth / doing sth. eg: Thanks for showing me the school last week. 谢谢你上周带我参观校园。 Thanks for the tickets for next weeks game. 多谢你下周比赛的票。 5. I feel like part of the group. 感觉像是他们中的一员了。 (A)feel like 表示“觉得像似的”,这时,feel作系动词,like是介词。 eg: I felt like a fool at that time. 那时我觉得自己像个傻瓜似的。 (B)feel like 与would like意思相同,都表示愿望,表示“希望”,但would like后面接名词或不定式短语;feel like 后接名词或动名词。 eg: I dont feel like going out for a drive now. Id like to go for a walk in the garden. 6. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你这样的朋友,使我在新地方很快就适应了。 (A)like在此是介词“像”的意思。 eg: Dont throw out like that. 不要像那样扔出来。 (B)make it a lot easier. 使它(与人相处)容易了许多。 make名词/代词adj. 表示“使怎么样”。 eg: He likes to make us happy. Our teacher makes maths very easy. 此外,make还有“使、强迫”的意思,make sb. do sth. eg: Dont make him play computer for a long time. He is funny and he always makes us laugh. 7. Ill think of you as I watch the Black Socks win the game. 当我看见“黑石”队赢得这场比赛时,我会想起你。 (A)as在这里作连词,引起时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生或某事一发生、另一件事立即发生,有“当时”,“一面一面”的意思。 eg: I read the letter as I walked along the river. Just as he was speaking, Bob came into the room. 八. 文化阅读:Small talk闲聊 与美国等国的西方人闲聊时应该注意: 一般而言,他们以不拘礼节、自由自在著称。和陌生人打打招呼,不见得便是想和你做朋友;一场愉快的交谈,不见得会变成知心莫逆,只有主动接触,以愉快的心情应对。只在正式场合行握手礼,一般场合见面时相视一笑,说声“嗨!”或“哈罗!”即为见面礼节。 交谈时忌问年龄、家庭状况、婚姻状况、宗教信仰、经济收入以及其他私生活情况。见面打招呼也不问去什么地方、干什么事。公共场合重视礼貌用语,家庭里也常用“请”、“谢谢”、“对不起”等。交谈距离必须保持50厘米以上。不得不靠拢他人就座时,要征得对方同意。交谈时声音不可太大,不可大笑,更不可大声争吵。惊讶时不可伸舌头(伸舌头是污辱他人之举)。美国交谈、示意喜欢用手势。 在交谈时要注意:常面带微笑,碰到认识的朋友时,主动的问候对方,别人问候你,也要反问候对方,表示关心。说话时语气诚恳、态度大方,当别人问候你时,回答尽量简洁。多赞美对方。眼睛要亮一点,当对方改变发型时或看人家的相片,有好的地方要尽量赞美。【模拟试题】(答题时间:80分钟)一. 词组互译: 1. 有一点_ 2. 玩得高兴_ 3. 排队等候_ 4. 进行体育活动_ 5. 想到_ 6. tell sb about sth _ 7. watch the game on TV_ 8. feel like _ 9. be friendly to sb_ 10. thanks for _ 11. get along_ 12. wait for_二. 完成下列反意疑问句。 1. Its very warm today, _ _? 2. Lucy and Lily arent English, _ _? 3. Jim comes from England, _ _? 4. She can dance, _ _? 5. He had some dumplings for breakfast, _ _? 6. There is nothing in the box, _ _? 7. They are going to the park, _ _? 8. Xiao Ming and Xiao Dong are watching TV, _ _? 9. She never gets up late, _ _? 10. Spring is the best season of the year, _ _? 11. They clean the classroom every day, _ _? 12. Wei Hua wasnt busy yesterday, _ _? 13. My parents know little English, _ _? 14. You like summer, _ _? 15. There will be more buildings, _ _?三. 选择填空:( )1. You have never lost money before, _? A. dont you B. havent you C. do you D. have you ( )2. The black bag looks _. How much does it _? A. well, spend B. good, cost C. well, take D. good, pay ( )3. There is little milk left in the bottle, _? A. is it B. is there C. isnt there D. isnt it ( )4. What a pity! He didnt _ the Yellow River. A. cross B. past C. across D. through( )5. Im sorry, Mr Wu I _ my composition at home. Dont forget _ it here tomorrow, please. A. left, take B. forgot, to take C. left, to bring D. forgot, bringing( )6. The reporter of CCTV 4 said _ 15 persons died in the fight in Kuwait. A. at least B. at less C. a few D. all( )7. Good heavens, I nearly _! Its time _ home! A. forgot, to go B. remember, to go C. forgot, going D. left, going四. 从对话下面方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话(每个句子限用一次)。 Fred: 1 Li Lei: Yes, it is winter in China now. Fred: Yes, I dont like the cold weather but I like the snow. Li Lei: Really? 2 Fred: No, never. This is my first time to see it. Li Lei: By the way, 3 Fred: Oh, its rather different from here. Its summer there now, you know. 4 Li Lei: Thats great. Fred: Yes. You may come to Australia someday. Li Lei: Sure. 5 A. We have beautiful sunshine every day. B. Ill go if possible. C. Its very cold, isnt it? D. Whats the weather like in Australia? E. Have you ever seen snow before? 五. 完形填空: Once, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well(井). After they 1 their work, he left them, saying, “When the sun is down, I will come and see your work. ” At last one of them said, “Whats the use of doing this foolish(愚蠢的)work? We can 2 fill the basket. ” 3 man answered, “Thats none of your business. ”The first man said, “You may do as you like, but I am going to work at 4 so foolish. ”He 5 his bucket (桶)and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying 6 . At last the well was almost 7 . As he poured (倒)the last bucket of water into the 8 , he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it up. It was a beautiful gold ring. Just then the king came. 9 he saw the ring, he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You 10 so well in this little thing, ”he said, “that now I know I can believe you with many things. ”( )1. A. finished B. did C. began D. had( )2. A. ever B. never C. easily D. no( )3. A. The other B. Another C. One D. A second( )4. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything( )5. A. picked up B. put away C. took away D. threw down( )6. A. water B. basket C. well D. work( )7. A. full B. empty C. clean D. dirty( )8. A. basket B. well C. garden D. bucket( )9. A. While B. When C. Before D. Since( )10. A. have done B. will do C. do D. are doing六. 阅读理解:(A) In England, many people begin with talks by saying: “Isnt it a nice day? ”“Do you think it will rain? ”“I think its going to snow. ” Many people think they can tell what the weather is going to be like. But they hardly ever agree with each other. One man may say: “Do you see how cloudy it is in the east? Its going to rain tomorrow. ”Another man will say: “Yes, it is cloudy in the east. Were going to have fine weather tomorrow. ” People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he looks for something to tell him its going to rain and he wont believe (相信)anything else. When friends have a picnic, they are so sure the weather is going to be fine very quickly that they sit eating their lunch while it is raining. Almost everyone listens to what the weatherman says. But he doesnt always tell us what we want and sometimes he makes a mistake. Still, he is right most of the time. 判断正误:( )1. In England, people like to talk about the weather. ( )2. People usually agree with each other on the weather. ( )3. People often look for the weather they want. ( )4. When friends are having a picnic while it is raining, they are sure that it is going to be fine very quickly. ( )5. The weatherman is always right. (B) When we do not understand each others language, we can talk with the help of signs. A Frenchman was once travelling in England. He could not speak English at all. One day he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it and took them out again. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat. ” The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. He moved his head from side to side. The waiter understood him and took the tea away. In a moment he came with a cup of coffee, but the man again refused it. He shook his head whenever the waiter brought him something to drink, for drinks are not food. When the man was going away, another man came in. This man saw the waiter, and he put his hand on his stomach (胃). That was enough. In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the table in front of him. So, you see sometimes we can understand the language of signs as well as the language of words. ( )1. According to the passage, when people dont understand each others language, they can talk with the help of _. A. a waiter B. a teacher C. an Englishman D. their hands, heads and other parts of their bodies ( )2. A Frenchman signed to the waiter _. A. to give him some medicine B. to bring him a cup of coffee C. to ask him for food D. to tell him what he said. ( )3. The waiter brought the Frenchman _. A. a cup of tea, a cup of coffee and a lot of other drinks B. a large plate of meat and vegetables C. a lot of drinks and a large plate of meat D. a lot of food and drinks ( )4. Another man saw the waiter and put his hands on his stomach. He means _. A. he had a fever B. he was hungry C. he was very thirsty D. he had enough ( )5. From the story, we know _. A. people can only understand the language of words B. people nearly know the language of signs as well as the language of words C. people can make a waiter understand what they want D. people can only understand their language 七. 写作 一些英国朋友要来参加你们班举行的英语晚会。作为主持人,你需要用英语准备一份6080个单词的欢迎辞。欢迎辞必须包括以下英文提示的内容(开头已给出): 1. the number of students (boys 32, girls 28) 2. What do you think of English? 3. How do you learn English in your free time? (magazines, TV, radio, etc)4. your English programs (plays, songs, etc) 5. ending (结束语) Good evening! Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our class and welcome to our evening party. First of all, let me say a few words about our class. 被屏蔽广告【试题答案】一. 1. a little 2. have a good time 3. wait in line 4. play sports 5. think of 6. 告诉某人有关某事 7. 通过电视观看比赛 8. 想要 9. 对某人友好 10. 因而感谢 11. 相处 12. 等待二. 1. isnt it 2. are they 3. doesnt he 4. cant she 5. didnt he 6. is there 7. arent they 8. arent they 9. does she 10. isnt it 11. dont they 12. was she 13. do they 14. dont you 15. wont there 三. 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A四. 1. C 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. B五. 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D六. (A)1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F(B)1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5.B七. 略- 配套讲稿:
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