高中英语名词的用法及练习70道题.doc
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高中英语名词用法名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示: 名词 专有名词 不可数名词 普通名词 物质名词 抽象名词 集体名词 可数名词 个体名词 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby-babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos; b. 加es,如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero-zeros / zeroes。 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs; b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves; c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1) child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如: peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如: The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1)物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较:Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如: This factory produces steel.(不可数) We need various steels.(可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如: Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如: four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如: sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如: men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如: goods train (货车) arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如: two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称(谓语用复数) 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下: 1) 单数名词词尾加s,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加s,如the boys bag 男孩的书包,mens room 男厕所。 2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加 ,如:the workers struggle工人的斗争。 3) 凡不能加s的名词,都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。 4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barbers 理发店。 5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,则表示分别有;只有一个s,则表示共有。例如: Johns and Marys rooms(两间)John and Marys room(一间) 6) 复合名词或短语,s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or twos absence 名词综合练习题:1. It wont make much _ whether you agree or not.A. difficulty B. trouble C. difference D. matter2. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ of how life began.A. cause B. problem C. reason D. puzzle3. You must get there within an hour. There should be no _ in sending this information to him.A. question B. problem C. quarrel D. delay4. I cant give you the card without Smiths _.A. agreement B. allowing C. permission D. perfomance5. What impressed me most was that they never lost _.A. hearts B. heart C. their heart D. their hearts6. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any _ of what I said.A. remark B. observation C. attention D. notice7. I went to buy a _ of China Daily.A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy8. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _.A. intention B. purpose C. attempt D. desire9. There are usually at least two _ of looking at every question.A. means B. directions C. views D. ways10. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed11. She is young for the job, but on the other _, she is well trained.A. way B. situation C. chance D. hand12. The most important_ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A. point B. sense C. spot D. view13. - Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.- Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a14. He told me he had been offered a very well-paid _.A. business B. service C. work D. position15. Each player must obey _, who is the leader of the team.A. captain B. a captain C. the captain D. captains16. It was _ that he had to ask for help.A. such big a work B. a so big job C. a so big work D. such a big job17. He dropped the _ and broke it.A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup18. What _! Where did you get them?A. big fish B. a big fish C. a piece of big fish D. big a fish19. He left _ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep _.A. words; his words B. word; his wordC. word; word D. the word; his words20. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed.A. effect B. use C. service D. existence21. We held a party in _ of our Australian teacher, Meggi.A. prize B. honor C. praise D. pride22. - Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? Theres not enough _ for you boys here.- But we can play in the next _, cant we?A. places; place B. room; room C. rooms; space D. house; rooms23. - Is this bridge made of _?- Yes, it is made of 2300 huge _.A. stone; stone B. stones; stonesC. stone; stones D. stones; stone24. - Mum, Im going to visit my aunt. What about a week?- A week is too long. Try to be back in a _ of days.A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple25. Mrs. Green tried hard to find a job but she had no _.A. luck B. time C. hope D. chance26. His daughter is always shy in _ and she never dares to make a speech to _.A. the public; the public B. public; the publicC. the public; public D. public; public27. Fast-food restaurants are _ to us all.A. of many helps B. a great helpC. great helps D. much help28. These young people are now making an active _ to beautify (美化) our city.A. part B. effort C. decision D. plan29. - What you like may not be what I like.- Yes, one mans meal is another mans _.A. poison B. medicine C. meal D. food30. He said that two _ would come to our school the next day.A. woman scientist B. women scientistC. woman scientists D. women scientists31. My _ all _ hard for the people.A. family; work B. family; worksC. families; work D. families; works32. Dr. Jones ordered _ for the laboratory.A. two equipments B. two pieces of equipmentsC. two pieces of equipment D. two equipment pieces33. - Where have you been?- Ive been to_.A. the Turners B. the TurnersC. Mr. Turners D. the Turners34. Many children have to see the films for_A. grown-up B. growns-upC. grown-ups D. growns-ups35. I told about some of the terrible _ I had had in the war.A. experience B. experiencesC. experiencing D. experienced things36. The table is only _ high.A. two-foot B. two footC. two-feet D. two feet37. These days I employed two _ in my house.A. man-servants B. men-servantC. man-servant D. men-servants38. That s_.A. James and Charles father B. James and Charless fatherC. Jamess and Charless father D. Jamess and Charles father39. _ is published daily.A. Time B. Times C. The Time D. The Times40. There are many _ in big _.A. ladies driver; citys B. lady drivers; citiesC. ladies drivers, cities D. ladies driver; city- 配套讲稿:
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