新概念一部分语法总结.doc
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新概念英语第一册部分语法讲解1. 一般现在时定义:经常发生,习惯动作,客观真理。(12字)构成:共两种形式,第一种:be(am, is, are) 第二种:v 当主语是第三人称单数时v要变为v-s/es时间状语:everyday , always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never(按频率由高到低的顺序排列)例句:We are students.(肯定句) We arent students. (否定句) Are you students?(一般疑问句) Yes, we are. / No, we arent. (肯/否定回答) He watches TV. (肯定句) 2. 一般过去时定义:过去发生。(4字)构成:共两种形式,第一种:be(was, were) 第二种:v-ed 时间状语:yesterday+时间 last+时间 时间+ago in+年(今年)例句:We were students last year.(肯定句) We werent students last year. (否定句) were you students last year?(一般疑问句) Yes, we were. / No, we werent. (肯/否定回答) He watched TV. (肯定句) 3. 一般将来时定义:将要发生,计划打算。(8字)构成:共两种形式,第一种:will/shall do 第二种:be going to do be(am, is ,are)时间状语:tomorrow, next day/ week/ month/ year, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow例句:We will have lunch.(肯定句) We wont have lunch . (否定句) Will you have lunch?(一般疑问句) Yes, we will. / No, we wont. (肯/否定回答) He is going to have lunch. (肯定句) 4. 过去将来时定义:过去将要发生,计划打算。(10字)构成:共两种形式,第一种:would do 第二种:be going to do be(was, were)注:一般用于间接引语的句子中。例句:He said that he would see me again. She told us she was going to Beijing. 5. 现在进行时定义:正在发生。(4字)构成:be(am, is, are) v-ing(现在分词)时间状语:look,listen, now, at the moment例句: She is swimming now.(肯定句) She isnt swimming now. (否定句) Is she swimming now?(一般疑问句) Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. (肯/否定回答)6. 过去进行时定义:过去正在发生。(6字)构成:be(was,were) v-ing(现在分词)时间状语:when , while , as, just as, 类似at this time yesterday.例句: She was swimming at 9oclock yesterday morning.(肯定句) She was nt swimming at 9oclock yesterday morning.(否定句) Was she swimming at 9oclock yesterday morning?(一般疑问句) Yes, she was. / No, she wasnt (肯/否定回答) While I was walking along the street I met my old friend. My wife was cooking the dinner while I was working in the garden.7.现在完成时定义:过去发生影响现在; 过去发生延续到现在。(2个定义)构成:have/ has done/ P.P(过去分词)时间状语:already, just ,ever, never, yet ; for段时间 sine点时间例句:We have already had lunch.(肯定句) We havent had lunch yet. (否定句) Have you had lunch yet?(一般疑问句) Yes, we have. / No, we havent. (肯/否定回答) He has watched TV for two days. (肯定句) 8.过去完成时定义:过去过去。(4个字)构成:had done/ P.P(过去分词)时间状语:after+had done before一般过去时例句:I had dinner after I had washed my hands. He had finished his homework before the teacher came in.一、直接引语与间接引语定义:直接引语指直接引用别人的话,有引号。 间接引语指转述别人的话,无引号。直接引语变间接引语(四变)一变:变人称(不是所有都变)二变:变时态 1.引号前的谓语动词是一般现在时,引号内变出来可以是任何时态。2.引号前的谓语动词是一般过去时,引号内变出来时态变为相应的过去时。三变:变句序(都是陈述语序) He said“I am a student.” He said (that)he was a student. She said“They arent busy.”She said (that)they werent busy. that + 肯定句/ 否定句 He asked “Is she ready?”He asked if she was ready. He asked whether she was ready or not. if/ whetheror not + 一般疑问句 He asked“Where is the car?”He asked where the car was. She asked “What is she reading?”She asked what she was reading. 特殊疑问词+ 陈述句四变:变时间地点 herethere tomorrowthe next dayPS: 客观真理 时态不变 Whats wrong with 语序不变 What happed to sb二、主动语态与被动语态定义:语态是用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系,英语中有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态的变化要求1. 宾变主2. 主变状3. 动词be+ PP 强调谁加byHis grandfather waters these flowers everyday.He ate three eggs.She will shut the door.I am reading an English book.- 配套讲稿:
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