专业八级历年英译汉真题解析.doc
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2009-01-06|专业八级历年英译汉真题解析(1996-2000) 1996年专八英译汉试题原文 Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten oclock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagans resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.【 概述 】 本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文,用词色彩强烈,修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。翻译这类文章时,伸缩性较大,适宜文采的容忍度较大。翻译中涉及被动语态译法、转译法等。【 翻译要点评析 】 1.Election Day :美国的总统“选举日”。 2.Reagan-Bush headquarters :里根布什竞选总部。 3.the rest of the office was practically deserted :“ desert ”意为离弃、放弃,此句为被动表达方式,翻译时如不特别强调施动者,一般译为主动句,即“其他办公室几乎没有人”。 4.critical meeting :“ critical ”有“批评的、危机的、决定性的”意思,此处为“决定性的”,译为“重要会议”。 5.devise a strategy :“ devise ”意为“想出、设计、发明”,此处根据“ strategy ”一词译为“制定策略”。 6.battle-tested veterans :久经沙场的老将;在战场上受过考验的老将。 7.presidential politics :总统竞选的套路。 8.backdrop :意为背景、大环境,此处译为“条件”。 9.the campaign itself was lavishly financed :该句为被动句,翻译时应该转为主动语态,即“这次竞选筹到了充裕的资金”。 10.a top-flight staff : top-flight=best, first rate, staff 此处指“竞选班子”。 11.a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills :此句为名词性短语,作 Ronald Reagan 的同位语,若直译即“一位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。”但考虑到中文不易用修饰成份过长的表达方式,可将此同位语转译为一个单独的句子,即“ 他极具个人魅力,精通沟通技巧。 ” 12.a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government :译法同上,可转译“国家军事力量复兴,国人积极进取,政府机构精简。” 【 参考译文 】 离选举日还有四个月,五个人聚集在里根布什竞选总部的一个小型会议室里,看着一张硕大的日历, 1984 年总统竞选剩下的日子清晰地标了出来。这是六月份的最后一个星期六,早晨 10 点,其他办公室几乎无人。即使这样,他们仍紧闭大门,严拉窗帘。三个主要人物和两个副手从全国各地赶来,聚在这里召开一个重要会议,旨在制定出一套策略,以确保里根再次当选总统,入主白宫。 再次当选应该不是件难事。他们久经沙场,跟随里根多年,为共和党干的时间更长,没有谁比他们更熟悉总统竞选那一套儿。另外,竞选条件也十分有利,很多好消息可供炒作。例如,美国上下一片和平,经济这一永恒的竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外,这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助,足以支付一流竞选班子、巡回演讲以及电视广告的费用。最重要的是,他们的候选人是罗纳德 里根,他极具个人魅力,精通沟通技巧。自约翰 F 肯尼迪总统以来,里根最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图:国家军事力量复兴,国人积极进取,政府机构精简。1997年:English to Chinese Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province(范围) of the rich unless we abdicate(退位、放弃) societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible(易接近的,可达到的) to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives(必要的)of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse(冲动) towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation(表述、陈述)is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment(完成、成就) in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones(标准、试金石) for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire(立志、追求目标、渴望); they carry the most profound (深厚的、深刻的)messages that can be sent from one human to another.【 概述 】 这是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文,用词色彩强烈,修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。翻译这类文章时,伸缩性较大,适宜文采的容忍度较大。这篇文章理解起来不难,但翻译时却发现不好用贴切的汉语表达,因此在处理这样表面看起来比较容易但难翻译的文章时,注意一定不要拘泥于英文的表达形式。本文翻译中涉及长句译法、定语从句译法,以及增词法、转译法等。 【 翻译要点评析 】 1.Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable :若直译即“歌剧很贵,那种贵不可避免。”但读者要问“是听歌剧很贵还是演歌剧很贵?”因此,在“歌剧”前要加具体动词,根据上下文,可以看出“听歌剧”比较恰当。 2.But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice : province 意为“领域、范围”; abdicate 意为“放弃”。 societys power of choice 如果直译,即“社会的选择权”,但这样翻译有些抽象,可采用意译法,即“社会左右选择的力量”。 3.We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it : to make something accessible to someone 使某人也能得到某事(物),因此全句可译为“使歌剧和其他形式的高消费文化也能让那些作为个体消费不起的人们所享受。” 4.Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education : the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education 意思为“ 食物、居所、防护、健康与教育这些必需的事物 ”,翻译时可将 imperatives 名词词性转为动词,即“ 食物、居所、防护、健康与教育缺一不可 ”。全句直译即“没有人否认 食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性 ”。但这是英文表达,英译汉时必须将其用通顺的汉语表达方式,因此翻译时可采用正话反说,反话正说法,即“ 食物、居所、防护、健康与教育缺一不可,这一点人人认可。 ” 5.But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw :此句用了“ not just , but also ”固定表达,一般译为“不仅,而且”。 6.The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental :此句为典型的英语主语部分过长的句子,为了避免头重脚轻,翻译时可将主语部分独立出来,即变成外位语的形式,同时运用转译法,将 fundamental 形容词词性转为名词词性即“人性的根本”。 7.touchstones :试金石。 they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another :这两句都包含一个定语从句,第一句的定语从句可以按照原结构直译,即“人类思想和想象力可及程度的试金石”,但第二句的定语从句需要用分译法分译出来,即“它们承载着最深刻的信息,使之在人类成员之间传播。” 【 参考译文 】 译文1:聆听歌剧,无疑昂贵至极。但是,昂贵的东西并不是非富人莫属,除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以做出选择,使歌剧和其他形式的高消费文化也能让那些作为个体消费不起的人们所享受 。但问题是,有必要这么做吗?食物、居所、防护、健康与教育缺一不可,这一点人人认可。即便史前,住在洞穴中的人类伸出手来,不仅为了吃饭、喝水或搏杀,也为了作画。对于文化的冲动,对于通过形象思维和再现手段来表达并探索世界的欲望,这是人的本性。在欧洲,这一欲望反映在音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧之类的艺术杰作之中。这些杰作是我们全部成果的试金石,是人类思想和想象力可及程度的试金石。它们承载着最深刻的信息,使之在人类成员之间传播。译文2:欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈:你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而,享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权,除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众,面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。然而,问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但是,即使在史前的穴居时代,人们伸出手来,也不仅仅是为了吃喝,为了搏杀,而且还有一个目的,那就是动手作画。人们对文化的冲动,即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望,才是最根本的。在欧洲,人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作,实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石,是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准,它们有着最深厚的寓意,并在人们彼此之间传播。 译文3:欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受,而且人们不可避免地要为此支付昂贵的费用。然而,只要你不放弃对社会权利的选择,高档享受不可避免地成为富人的特有的领域。我们可以让歌剧和其他费用昂贵的文化形式面向那些个人承受不起费用的大众。然而,问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、安全、健康与教育的必要性。但是,即使在史前的穴居时代,人们伸出手来,也不仅仅是为了吃喝,或者是单纯地为了搏杀,也可以是为了刻画。人们对文化的冲动,对表达的渴望,以及通过想象和表述对世界的探索等,才是最根本的。在欧洲,人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等杰作的成就形式实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是检验人类努力程度的标准,也是检验人类追求的思想和想象能力的标准,它们承载着丰富的信息,并得以在彼此之间相互传播。1998年: English to Chinese:I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert(断言、声称)that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step(同步). At any given moment(在任何时候) the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification(限制、限定、资格) to precede(领先、超前) the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree(唯一只是在程度上), sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence(分歧、差异) is a subtle (微妙的)affair, liable(有可能的) to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses (重要的感觉)grew out of his own, which in several ways(在有些方面)still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings(重叠) and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship(亲缘关系) yields to a sudden alienation(疏远关系), as when we hail(打招呼) a person across the street, only to discover from his blank(没有表情的) response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend. 【概述】 本文是一篇典型的学术型语篇,属于半口语型的学术语言。用词正式,句法简单,同时又口语感很强,读起来朗朗上口。对于这类语篇的理解,一般需要一定的专业知识。【翻译要点评析】 1.over-phrase :过分渲染,言过其实; over 作为前缀意为“过分地”,如 overestimate 过高估计,表示过低用 under ,如 underestimate 低估 。 2.And Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference :此句翻译的关键在于正确理解原句意思,因此需要对原文结构进行改写,即“ Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to imitative deference, which is an equally unfortunate. ”其中 swing from to 意为摇摆不定,忽左忽右,可译为“要么 要么 ”;根据改写后的原句结构,我们可以将原句译为 “ 美国人确实也走极端 , 要么咄咄逼人 , 对本国文学大肆渲染 , 要么亦步亦趋 , 对别国文学顶礼膜拜。这两种做法同样的不幸。 ” 3.But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals : But then 表示语气的转折,这类词语很难处理,翻译时要格外小心,如果没有非常大的把握,宁可不译。此处根据上下文译为“不过”或“话又说回来”。 insular 意为超然物外的,孤立的,此处译为“孤陋寡闻”。 4.keet step :指“步伐一致,协调一致” 。 5.At any given moment : given 一词可以不翻,将此短语直接译为“任何时候”。 6.liable to perplex :容易使 困惑不解。 7.He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country :此句带有 3 个定语从句,根据汉语表达习惯,应将 country 作为句子的主语部分,句子的主语变为谓语部分,因此用句子成分转译法,即“ 他所看的那个国家 , 从某些重要的意义上来说 , 脱胎于他自己的国家 , 并在某些方面与他自己的国家相差无几 然而 , 它却实实在在是一个异邦。 ”。 8.There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend :此句若直译,即“ 两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭 , 以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感 ; 亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远 , 这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼, 结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应中发现 , 我们原来竟将一个陌生人误认为我们的熟人。 ”读起来有些生硬、拗口,所以用意译能较好地表达作者的意图,即“两个国家,既有重叠,也有陌生,重叠使人颇感奇怪,陌生令人觉着突如其来:亲戚一下子变做陌生路人。犹如我们向马路对面的某个行人打招呼,结果出乎意料,那人表情默然,原来,我们误把陌路当友人。” 【 参考译文1 】 在一定程度上,我赞同这位虚构的英国读者的观点。美国的文学史工作者也许惯于过分狭隘地看待本国文坛,误将显著当独特。他们的确过分渲染本国文学,至少对二流的作家肯定会吹捧。美国人确实也走极端,要么咄咄逼人,对本国文学大肆渲染,要么亦步亦趋,对别国文学顶礼膜拜。这两种做法同样的不幸。话又说回来,英国人自己在文学鉴赏方面也显得有些孤陋寡闻。而且,在诸如绘画音乐这些本国没有杰出成就的领域里,他们也走极端,要么吹嘘本国的作品,要么模仿大陆上的作品。试想,有多少幅英国画试图做得让人看上去像是在巴黎绘的;我们又有多少次读到他们的作品真正代表着一种“英国式的传统”呢? 说到美国文学,并非意欲断言,它与欧洲文学全然不同。广而言之,美国与欧洲一直步伐一致。任何时刻,旅行者在两地均能看到同样的建筑,款式相同的服饰,相同的书籍。思想如同人员与货物往来一样,自由地横跨大西洋,不过有时会稍微慢一些。当我说美国习惯、美国思想等时,我只想在这一词汇前加上某种修饰语,因为,欧美(尤其是英美)之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异,而且有时候微乎其微。差异的多少至精至细,很容易使英国人对美国迷惑不解。他所看的那个国家, 从某些重要的意义上来说 , 脱胎于他自己的国家 , 并在某些方面与他自己的国家相差无几 然而 , 它却实实在在是一个异邦。两个国家,既有重叠,也有陌生,重叠使人颇感奇怪,陌生令人觉着突如其来:亲戚一下子变做陌生路人。犹如我们向马路对面的某个行人打招呼,结果出乎意料,那人表情漠然,原来,我们误把陌路当友人。【参考译文 2】谈到“美国”文学,并不是说它与欧洲文学完全不同。总体来说,美国和欧洲一直保持同步发展。旅游者在任何时候都能在两地看到(城市里矗立的是)同一样式的建筑,(人们穿着的是)同一款式的服饰,摆放在书架上的是同一风格的书籍。思想观念也象人和商品一样可以自由地跨越大西洋,只是有时在时间上要慢得多。谈到美国人的习惯和思想等概念时,我想在“美国式”的前面再加上某个限制性的词语,因为在欧美之间(尤其是美英之间)的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已,而且有的时候,差异的程度也很小,差异也几乎是微乎其微的。英国人看美国,很可能会让他们感到迷惑不解。感到他们看到的这个国家好象是从自己国家发展而来的,很多方面和他们自己的国家类似,然而却仍然是“外国”。两个国家有着莫名的相似,却又给人一种突然的陌生感。疏远感突然间取代了亲缘关系,就仿佛我们隔着马路打招呼一样,从对方那茫然的神情中发现我们原来是认错了人。【参考译文3】 因此,我们在说“美国”文学,并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。一般来说,美国和欧洲一直在同步发展。无论何时,旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑,见到同一款式的服饰,读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍。在大洋两岸,人们的思想观念,就容易同人员与货物一样,可以自由交流,尽管有时会略显迟缓。谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等概念时,我想在“美国式的”这几个词前面再加上某种修饰,因为欧美之间(尤其是英美之间)的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已,而且在有的时候,是极低程度上的差异而已。差异的程度微乎其微,很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解。重要的是,英国人所审视的这个国家诞生于英国,并在不少方面仍与英国相差无几-然而,实实在在是个异邦。两地有着莫名的共同之处,以及令人深感突兀的陌生感。原先的亲戚已形同陌路,就仿佛隔着马路招呼,等看到对方一脸茫然时,我们才意识到认错人。 1999年:English to Chinese: In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border(接壤、相近)with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy(使 忙(有事干) the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption(设想、假设 consumption 消费) that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined(突出、显现) by its converse(反面、相反): in some societies the failure to bear children(养孩子) (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. Beyond all that(除了这些 )is the profound(深刻的、深远的) significance of children to the very institution(结构) of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family(完整的) they need children to enrich the circle(丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子), to validate(使有效) its family character(家族的特征、风格), to gather(增加、集合) the redemptive(赎回的, 用于补偿的)influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution(社会结构)uniquely(唯一) available, at least in principle, for (获得)security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance(生计) and in generational extension(家族的繁衍).【 概述 】 本文是一篇典型的议论型语篇,用词正式,句法复杂,逻辑严谨,读起来很不顺口。这类文章很难理解,一般需要较高的推理能力。翻译时,要特别注意整篇文章的逻辑关系,特别注意语篇的连贯和衔接。【 翻译要点评析 】 1.familial reasons :家族原因。 2.to extend the family line or the family name :就是汉语的传宗接代,延续香火。 3.to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family :字面意思为“ 使那些涉及到家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进行 ”,但这样的译文读起来很生硬,可以意译为“维系礼仪”。 4.to share a border with sth : 与 有联系 。 5.occupy the wife : occupy 此处意为使忙碌,即“使妻子忙碌,让妻子有事可做”,不可直译为“占有妻子”。 6.to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way :英语善用名词或名词短语,但汉语喜用动词,因此翻译时用转译法将 the assumption 译为“多生孩子,因为他们认为,多子才能多福”。 7.The point is underlined by its converse : underline 显示(其重要性),整句译为“这一点从相反的方面更易显现。” 8.in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce : and 在此处表示递进的关系,译为“也,而且”,全句译为“ 不生孩子( 或不生男孩 )不仅 是婚姻的一种威胁 , 还成为离婚的便当理由 。” 9.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. : beyond all that 意为除此以外; institution 和 family 是同位关系,其意义并不是“风俗习惯”或“制度”,而是人类社会长期以来就有的社会机构或部门。因此 institution of the family itself. 这个短语译为“家庭自身这个机构或部门”。 10.redemptive influence :赎救作用。该用法与基督教的教义有关,认为生孩子可以赎罪,可以了却罪孽,因为人类的共同祖先亚当和夏娃因吃禁果而有了罪孽。 【参考译文1】 在有些社会,要孩子只是为了所谓的家族原因:传宗接代,延续香火,安慰祖辈,维系礼仪 。在现代世俗社会中,这类原因似显苍白,但在其他地方,这些原因确实强劲有力。 此外,有一类家族原因与下面一组原因共通,即生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻:能拴住丈夫或者让妻子有事可做;修复或重振婚姻;之所以多生孩子是因为他们认为多子多福。反过来说:在某些社会中,不生孩子( 或不生男孩 )不仅 是婚姻的一种威胁 , 还成为离婚的便当理由 。 此外,更为重要的是,孩子对于家庭这一机构自身尤为重要。对许多人来说,夫妻两人还不算一个真正意义上的家庭他们需要孩子来丰富两人小天地,使它具有家庭特征,并使他们自己从中获得 赎救 。 孩子需要家庭,家庭似乎也需要孩子。在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中,家庭作为一种社会机构,以其特有的方式,至少在原则上,需要在孩子身上获得某种安全感、慰藉、保障和指望。对于多数人来说,这种原本意义上的家的基地,需要不止一个人来维持,使其代代相传,生生不息。【参考答案2】另外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处,那就是:生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻,提高婚姻质量,要么是为了拴住丈夫,使妻子有所事事,要么是为了修复婚姻,给婚姻注入新的活力,亦或是出于多子多福 的观念而多生儿女。当然,我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示:在某些社会,无法生育子嗣(或不能生育男孩)对婚姻而言是最大的威胁,也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来,丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子,实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用,并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测,常常不尽友善的世界上,家庭作为社会的基本单位,至少可在原则上,以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障,抚慰家人受伤的心灵,为家人指出生活方向,因此,孩子需要家庭,但与此同时,家庭也需要孩子。2000年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely(不合时宜的,timely:适时的、及时的) death”, they must believe that some deaths run on(连续, 不分段, 流逝, 涉及)a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing(= passing away 死亡)of a young person, one assumes(假定、设想) that the best years lay ahead and the measure(尺度、评价) of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent(卓越的、突出的)summer(壮年时期, 青春)deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe(马丽莲?梦露 )and James Deans(詹姆士?迪恩斯), whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats(约翰?济慈)died at 26, and only half playfully(开玩笑地) judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity(强度、亮度=achievements: 成就)and virtue(德行、品德). 【 概述 】 本文是一篇典型的议论型语篇,用词正式,逻辑严谨,哲理性强。要很好理解这类文章,需要有一定的推理能力。翻译时,要特别注意整篇文章的逻辑关系,特别注意语篇上下文的衔接。 【 翻译要点评析 】 1.untimely death :早逝;早死;过早的死去。 2.run on a better schedule than others :更符合(死亡)时间表的安排。该时间表存在于人间习俗之中,与宿命论中的“天意”、“上天的安排”没有关系。 3.a full one :圆满的一生。 4.the best years lay ahead :根据上下文可以译为“才华尚未施展”。 5. the measure of that life was still to be taken :意为生命价值有待估量,可翻译为“前途无可限量”。 6.summer deaths :英年谢世者;在风华正茂时死去的人;在事业鼎盛时期而死的人。 7.whose lives seemed equally brief and complete :此句为 MariLyn Monroe and James Deans 的定语从句,翻译时可采用分译法,即“此二人生命虽短,却依然完美无缺。” 8.Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year :这又是一个关于同位语翻译的句子,可以在 the fact 前面加上“这个”、“这座”等词语,即“ 约翰 济慈年方 26 便溘然长逝这一事实 ”;另外,这个句子蕴涵的内容比较丰富,不可以用简单的一句话表达清楚,因此要用增词法,即调整句子结构,补充隐含的内容,可翻译为“诗人 约翰 济慈 26 岁与世长辞,众多作家难以接受,半开玩笑地说,他们自己的生命即便超过 26 岁,也不过失败二字。” 9.The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue :同上,翻译为“生命短暂即人生未成,这种想法逻辑欠通,因为,生命的价值尺度是它留在世间的痕迹,是它的质量和美德。” 【 参考译文1 】 如果“早逝”另有所指的话,那一定是人们相信,有些人死得更合“时宜”,而另一些人则“死不逢时”。年迈去世很少被称作“早逝”,因为长寿就是圆满。反之,如果是年轻人谢世,人们会认为这位年轻人 才华尚未施展,前途无可限量。 当然,历史否定这一点。在诸多杰出的“英年早逝者”当中,我们不会忘记玛丽莲 梦露与詹姆斯 迪恩斯。 此二人生命虽短,却依然完美无缺。诗人 约翰 济慈 26 岁与世长辞,众多作家难以接受,半开玩笑地说,他们自己的生命即便超过 26 岁,也不过失败二字。 视英年早逝为不圆满,这一观念有悖于逻辑,因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记,是生命的 力度及其美德。 生命短暂即人生未成,这种想法逻辑欠通,因为,生命的价值尺度是它留在世间的痕迹,是它的质量和德行。【参考译文2】 如果人们使用“死不逢时”的时候有所指的话,那肯定认为一些人的逝世是寿终正寝,而另外一些人的辞世则是英年早逝。很少有人会说因年老而死亡是“死不逢时”-人们总是把老年人的寿终正寝看作是一种圆满。但是对于一个英年早逝的人,人们常常认为他的好日子还在后头,对他短暂的一生作出评价还为时尚早。 然而,历史对此观点持否定态度。谈到英年早逝的人物,人们常常回想起马丽莲?梦露和詹姆士?迪恩斯。二人生命虽短,却功成名就。作家们难以接受英国诗人约翰?济慈26岁便匆匆辞世的残酷现实,然而,当他们26岁时,只有自嘲虚度年华碌碌无为的份了。那种认为生命短暂就不圆满的观点是不合逻辑的,因为评价一个人的一生应当看他给世人留下的印象,他所取得的成就,以及他的个人品质。专业八级历年英译汉真题解析(2001-2008) 2001年: ENGLISH TO CHINESE Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist(要点,主旨) of it. There is no happiness except as we take on(接纳) life-engaging(有魅力的、迷人的) difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms(相同的表达、看法) when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw (致命的缺陷)in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports(宣称、声称) to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games(体育比赛、游戏). We demand it because without difficulty t- 配套讲稿:
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