解放后双桥冷藏汽车改装设计【全套含CAD图纸和说明书】
1 附 录 Refrigerated vehicle structure and market potential With the improvement of living standards of society lifestyle changes people need more and more frozen food fresh food milk flowers and large scale food processing enterprises Cold chain logistics has become a buzzword transport industry as low temperature cold chain logistics is an important part of the key equipment refrigerated trucks to ensure that perishable fresh food safety during transport of the key So refrigerated cars and trucks compared to what ordinary special about it Today small give us a brief introduction it Refrigerated trucks from the construction point of view can generally be divided into the chassis envelope insulation refrigeration units of three parts Chassis To be on the highway the car chassis as the basis nature is an essential part Overall refrigerated trucks and trailers are mainly two forms of cycling mainly to see the need and demand for tonnage of cargo loaded selection In the city or county general short distance between the loading of the goods less delivery more choice in light truck chassis and engaged in long distance transport of general traffic is also large heavy trucks will be used in or use the form of semi trailer refrigerated trucks Select the chassis needs attention Users in the selection of car chassis be based on the tonnage of goods road conditions consider the structure of the chassis and carrying capacity fuel economy emissions standards Compared with selected common truck chassis refrigerated truck chassis also consider the need to focus on the stability of refrigerated trucks normally transport goods items can not be stored for long periods although refrigeration equipment still fast delivery At the same time refrigerated cargo transport environment more demanding and if the road failed causing the deterioration of goods the loss will be very large refrigerated compartment body options Refrigerated trucks envelope different from the ordinary van it needs to have good sealing performance and heat insulation effect so as to ensure that refrigerated goods in a stable 2 temperature environment Refrigerated compartment designed primarily tightness and thermal insulation properties the structure of refrigerated trucks usually three tier structure both inside and outside skin of composite materials such as glass steel color steel aluminum and other materials Transport of goods within the plate material should be different and take a different material the most expensive within the material is stainless steel plate Insulation material laminated to the middle the main use of polyurethane foam High strength plastic with four sides of the glass plate bonded together with polyurethane foam to form a closed section Refrigerated compartment thickness In addition to material cargo compartment also determines the thickness of the insulation effect is good or bad cargo compartment insulation layer thicker the better the insulation effect however will reduce the space inside the cargo compartment cargo loading capacity would be reduced the user needs according to their actual need to select the appropriate thickness Refrigerated compartment specific requirements In addition different products have different requirements on the envelope For example refrigerated trucks transporting meat need to customize the link on the envelope to store refrigerated delivery truck to do small quantities varieties require multi temperature refrigerated trucks layer different temperature requirements handling and more frequent you need to open the door refrigerated trucks All these according to the specific needs of the user can customize the envelope factory Can an ordinary car into a refrigerated cargo truck Many people can not ask an ordinary van into a refrigerated truck Xiao Bian also asked several tuning of staff who told Xiao Bian modified of course it can in the middle with insulation materials coupled with refrigeration unit can be installed But they believe it is more cost effective directly into refrigeration compartment was used as general cargo compartment is made of iron or steel insulation is not very good but also easy to rust such as Lahai fresh products due to corrosive sea water need more attention in the choice of anti corrosion material envelope refrigeration unit In the three components of refrigerated trucks the refrigeration unit is the most important part Less space because cargo compartment the temperature control on the technical 3 requirements are higher Refrigeration unit principle First let us look at the principles of refrigeration units refrigeration units currently use refrigerated trucks is more mechanical refrigeration refrigerators and other refrigeration and air conditioning works essentially the same equipment at a point on the absorption of heat and then another point in the heat This is carried out by two points to reach the refrigerant cycle Refrigerant through the cargo space of a coil evaporator absorbs heat and then another by the external coil condenser heat dissipated Through a compressor to the refrigerant circulating in the system compressor gasoline diesel or motor drive Refrigeration unit classification Refrigeration unit from the power source can be divided into dependent and independent units are two independent units with separate power source the unit itself independent of the diesel engine as its power source rather than stand alone unit power output is to rely on car chassis engine to the driven Power output can be seen from their differences when the car engine stops running when the non independent refrigeration units support both lost power cooling system stops working or if the car is turned off when engine failure occurs in the refrigerator car will stop cooling the quality of the goods inside are not guaranteed Non stand alone refrigeration unit system is simple and easy to maintain and repair and the price is relatively low Stand alone refrigeration units because more maintenance and repair of engine systems is slightly more complicated The use of terms from the transport the city or county if it is used as a short range distribution between the proposed use of non independent unit not only lower procurement costs even failure is relatively easy to find some service points the contrary is to conduct long distance transport is recommended to use separate chillers because even in long distance transport in car engines stop working refrigerators can still be normal cooling to meet the transportation safety items Another model from the distribution in terms of seven meters and 7 meters below the recommended use of non car detached units 7 meters above the car better with the stand alone From the cost in terms of non independent stand alone chillers and refrigeration units in the tens of thousands more than the price difference if the budget is relatively ample and also 4 on the lower inside temperature requirements at least the required temperature of minus 10 degrees or less then the proposal is still with stand alone better Imported or domestically Because refrigerated items on the surrounding temperature sensitive relatively large temperature fluctuations may cause a change in decay If refrigerated trucks refrigerated cooling unit problems or stop working and that for car owners not just the loss of freight and there are a lot of the money number Especially for long distance transport users the performance of their refrigeration units for the demanding However the current domestic refrigeration unit temperature control with foreign brands there is a gap in order to achieve a very good cooling effect many users chose foreign brands Say good goods are not cheap the price of imported refrigerator is also very expensive like a kind of semi trailer refrigerated vehicles imported refrigerator new cheapest hundreds of thousands In contrast the price of domestic brands is very obvious advantage for price conscious users domestic brands is also a good choice The new machine is too expensive imports domestic cooling effect can not guarantee that some users will choose the second hand imported frozen hand the results were good Market share of imported brands have a higher U S Carrier Thermo King Mitsubishi Denso and Guo Hua Han speed the source of Chinese brands such as snow and ice Brands are more done a good job there Jinan CIMC test Siegel Henan Hikuma Henan fly and other enterprises refrigeration market brief Market potential China s cold chain industry network data due to preservation technology behind every year about 20 to 25 and 30 of fruits and vegetables in transit transport and storage rot damage total damage as high as millions of tons per year worth up to 750 billion Other data in the United States there is an average of 500 refrigerated trucks in China and Taiwan is a 1000 while China has 1 3 billion people but the refrigerator car ownership was 40 000 Experts estimate that China has a refrigeration capacity demand of goods accounted for only 20 to 30 Policy support and more From these statistics we can see that China s logistics industry development and economic 5 growth demand too much difference Decision making in recent years has continued to introduce policies to support its rapid industrial development for example 2007 perishable food refrigerated transport requirements of motor vehicles was promulgated 2009 logistics industry restructuring and revitalization plan stressed the need to focus on the development agricultural and food cold chain logistics system in January 2010 the National Standardization Technical Committee cold chain logistics and logistics at the Technical Committee was established first half of 2010 the National Development and Reform Commission will introduce a cold chain logistics planning of agricultural products plans to 2015 in refrigeration technology China has greatly ease the problem of inadequate facilities 6 冷藏车的结构及市场潜力 随着社会生活水平的提高 生活方式的转变 人们需要越来越多的速冻食品 保 鲜食品 牛奶 鲜花 以及大型食品加工企业 冷链物流 也成了运输行业的一个热 门词汇 作为低温冷链物流中的一个重要环节的关键设备 冷藏车也是保证易腐 保 鲜食品在运输过程中的安全性的关键所在 那么 冷藏车与普通货车相比有哪些特殊之处呢 今天小编就给大家做个简单的 介绍吧 冷藏车从构造上看 通常可分为汽车底盘 保温厢体 制冷机组三大部分 汽车底盘 要在公路上行驶 汽车底盘作为基础 自然是必不可少的一部分 冷藏车从整体 上看主要有单车和挂车两种形式 主要还是看需要装载货物的吨位和需求选择 一般在市区或者区县间的短距离配送装载货物较少 选用中轻卡底盘较多 而 从事长途运输的一般运输量也较大 则会选用中重卡 或者选用半挂车形式的冷藏车 选择汽车底盘需要注意什么 用户在挑选汽车底盘时 需根据货物的吨位 路况等 考虑底盘的结构和承载 能力 节油性 排放标准等 跟选择普通货车底盘相比 冷藏车还需要重点考虑一下底盘的稳定性 冷藏车运 输的货物通常为不能长时间保存的物品 虽然有制冷设备 仍需较快送达目的地 同 时 冷藏货物对运输环境的要求更高 要是路上出现故障 导致货物变质 损失将会 非常大 冷藏车厢体的选择 冷藏车的厢体不同于普通的厢式货车 它需要有很好的密封性能和隔热保温效 果 这样才能保证冷藏货物在一个稳定的温度环境中 冷藏车厢设计主要是气密性能和保温性能 通常冷藏车的结构采用三层结构 内 外蒙皮采用复合材料 如玻璃钢板 彩钢板 铝合金等材质 内板材质应运输货物不 同而采取不同材质 最贵的内材板应该是不锈钢板 中间夹层为保温材料 主要采用 聚氨酯发泡材料 四侧用高强度胶将玻璃钢板与聚氨酯泡沫材料粘合在一起 形成一 种封闭性板块 冷藏车厢的厚度 7 除了材料 货厢的厚度也决定了保温效果的好坏 货厢保温层越厚 保温效果 越好 不过 货厢内部的空间会减少 货物装载量会减少 用户需根据自己的实际需 要选择合适的厚度 冷藏车厢的特殊要求 另外 不同的货品对厢体都有不同的要求 比如 运送鲜肉的冷藏车需要在厢体 上定制挂钩 为门店做配送的冷藏车批量小 品种多 需要多温层冷藏车 温度需求 不一 装卸频繁则需要多开门冷藏车 凡此种种 用户可以根据具体需求向厢体厂定 做 普通厢货能不能改成冷藏车 有不少人询问普通厢式货车能不能改成冷藏车 小编也询问了几家改装厂的工作 人员 他们告诉小编 改装当然是可以的 在中间加上隔热材料 再加装上制冷机组 即可 但他们认为还是直接换成冷藏厢更为划算 因为一般货厢采用得是铁或者钢材做 成的 隔热效果不是很好 同时也容易生锈 如拉海鲜产品 由于海水具有腐蚀性 在选择时更需要注意厢体材料的防腐 冷冻机组 在冷藏车这三大组成部分中 冷冻机组是最为重要的一环 因为货厢空间较小 在 控制温度上技术要求也更高 冷冻机组的原理 首先让我们看看冷冻机组的原理 目前冷藏车的冷冻机组采用较多的是机械制冷 原理与空调冰箱等制冷设备基本一样 在一个点上吸收热量 然后在另一个点上散发 热量 这点通过在两个点之间进行制冷剂循环达成 制冷剂通过货物空间内的一个盘 管 蒸发器 吸收热量 然后通过在外部的另一个盘管 冷凝器 散发掉热量 通过 一台压缩机使制冷剂在系统内循环 压缩机使用汽油机 柴油机或电机驱动 冷冻机组的分类 从冷冻机组的动力来源可分为独立与非独立机组两种 独立机组拥有单独的动力 源 机组本身所独立的柴油发动机作为其动力源 而非独立式机组的动力输出是依靠 汽车底盘的发动机来带动的 从动力输出就可以看出他们的差异性 当汽车发动机停止运转的时候非独立式制 冷机组既失去动力支持 制冷系统停止工作 如果在汽车熄火或者在汽车出现发动机 故障时制冷机也将停止制冷 车厢内货物的品质也得不到保证 非独立式制冷机组系统结构简单易于维护和保养 并且价格比较低 独立式制 8 冷机组因为多了发动机系统保养和维修稍微复杂 从运输的用途来讲 如果是用作市内或者区县间的短距离配送 建议使用非独立 机组 不仅采购成本更低 即使出现故障 寻找维修点也相对方便些 反之是进行长 途运输的则建议使用独立式制冷机 因为在长途运输过程中哪怕汽车发动机停止工作 制冷机仍然可以正常制冷 满足所运输物品的安全 另外从所配车型来讲 7 米及 7 米以下车厢建议使用非独立式机组 7 米以上车 厢用独立式比较好 从成本上讲非独立式制冷机组与独立式制冷机组价位相差在几万以上 如果预算 上比较充裕 而且又对车厢内温度要求比较低 所需温度至少要零下 10 度以下 的 话建议还是用独立式比较好 进口还是国产 因为冷藏物品对周围温度的变化比较敏感 比较大的温度波动就可能导致变质腐 坏 如果冷藏车的冷冻机组制冷出现问题或者停止工作 那对于车主来说 损失的不 仅仅是运费了 还有一笔数目不少的货款 尤其对于长途运输的用户来说 他们对于 冷冻机组的性能要求很高 不过 目前国产制冷机组在温度控制方面与国外品牌还有一定的差距 为了达到 非常好的制冷效果 许多用户还是选择国外品牌 都说好货不便宜 进口制冷机的价格也是非常昂贵的 像那种半挂冷藏车的一套 进口的制冷机 新的最便宜也要十几万 相比之下国产品牌在价格上优势就非常明显 对于注重价格的用户来说 国产品牌也是个不错的选择 全新的进口机器太贵 国产的制冷效果不能保障 一些用户会选择二手的进口冷 藏厢 效果还都不错 市场上占有率较高的进口品牌有 美国开利 大冷王 日本三菱 电装 以及 韩国华速 汉雪 冰之源等品牌 国产品牌也比较多 做得不错的有济南中集考格尔 河南冰熊 河南新飞等企业 冷藏市场简述 市场潜力巨大 中国冷链产业网数据显示 由于保鲜技术落后 我国每年约有 20 25 的果 品和 30 的蔬菜在中转运输及存放中腐烂损坏 损坏总量每年高达上亿吨 价值高达 750 亿元 另一个数据是 在美国 平均每 500 人就有一辆冷藏车 我国台湾是 1000 人一 辆 而中国大陆有 13 亿人口 但冷藏车的保有量才 4 万辆 专家估算 我国已有冷 9 藏容量仅占货物需求的 20 30 政策扶持多 从这些统计数据可以看到 我国物流产业的发展与经济增长的需求相差过大 近 年来决策部门也持续推出产业政策以扶持其快速发展 比如说 2007 年 易腐食品 机动车辆冷藏运输要求 正式颁布施行 2009 年 物流业调整和振兴规划 中强调 了要重点发展农产品和食品的冷链物流体系 2010 年 1 月 全国物流标准化技术委 员会冷链物流分技术委员会正式成立 2010 年上半年 国家发改委将出台 农产品 冷链物流规划 计划到 2015 年极大地缓解我国冷藏技术设施不足的问题
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全套含CAD图纸和说明书
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