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附录一:英文原文The Development of China plastic mold profileChinas plastics industry background Profile status since 1998, the state promulgated a series of chemical building materials to promote the development of measures around the application of a strong market demand. Since then the product has a high profit, it attracted a large number of people to join this industry, the ultra-large-scale enterprises and the birth of constantly expanding, so that a certain region of the sudden increase in production capacity, then formed a nationwide non - Balanced production layout, and occupy the absolute superiority in a buyers market. Increased competition within the industry, product margins have been compressed, coupled with the start of the 2003 increase in the price of PVC resin, nearly 1 / 3 of SMEs closed down, suspended in the state. After the March 2005, PVC resin prices have fallen sharply, corporate profiles gradually return to normal profits, enterprises have gradually realized that the market for ultra-low prices can only occupy the practice of short-term benefits and long-term implementation will consume Its own economic strength. Therefore particularly value this long-awaited external environment, and strive to maintain a reasonable price, or to resist the downstream end of the extrusion products, eliminate non-profit business situation. Since joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinas market economy status has been recognized many countries, Chinas domestic market is already international, even if only in the domestic business enterprise sales, is also faced by the countries co-owned enterprises by the International Of the market. Insight on the industry to intensify the international market, to study the foreign trade policy, and in accordance with international market demand, establish and improve enterprise management system, establishing adapt to the rules of international trade, in line with international norms of financial management systems and production management system , Adjust product varieties and production standards, to produce a number of industry profiles of modern international enterprises, and the industrys international business transition. 2006 China Extrusion Die in accordance with the development of the China Plastics Processing Industry Association plastic profile and the doors and windows of the Authority in 2006 Profile of plastic doors and windows and industry, will provide the data, coupled with our industry and related businesses Exchanges and Explore, we believe that the following data can be more accurately reflects the status of the domestic industry. Production capacity and actual production: As of the end of 2006, the profile of domestic production capacity of about 4 million tons / year, the actual production of about 2 million tons of which 23-scale enterprises of the profile production capacity of about 2 million tons, Actual sales of about 1.2 million tons. Also according to incomplete statistics, many-scale enterprises in 2007 have expansion plans, for example, in fiscal Zhejiang has 120 production lines in operation in Xian, Tianjin Jinpeng will have 252 production lines have in Tianjin, Anhui Province, Xian production, Liaoning Sui In Weiyuan will have four production lines imported or domestic production of 15 production lines, Baoding-up will also have eight production lines put into production. Domestic and foreign market demand: In 2006 plastic profile and the doors and windows industry annual meeting, the Commissioner of the Ministry of Construction Technology Division Ni Jiangbo introduced in the domestic construction market, pointed out: the next five years the scale of urban housing construction in about 1.5 billion square meters / Year level. This projection, the prevalence rate of plastic doors and windows at 50%, these new housing consumption of plastic doors and windows Profile in about 1.8 million tons / year level, to take into account rural housing construction and urban transformation of the old buildings windows and doors Consumption, plastic profile in the domestic market when in the capacity of 2.5 million tons / year level, is not even taking into account a number of growth factors into account, plastic profile in the domestic market should be the capacity of not more than 3 million tons / Year. Profiles of the major domestic export market is Russia, Kazakhstan, South-East Asian countries, Canada, the United States.China Extrusion Die accompanied by the development of Chinas profiles the development of the industry and the domestic profile extrusion die manufacturing enterprises has grown to become one with tens of thousands of practitioners, some more than 200 manufacturers, with sales of about 1.2 billion yuan The scale industries. Die in 2006 Chinas enterprises delivered about 12,000 to about 13,000 units, of which there will be more than 3,000 sets of the Die exports. Since 2001, Chinas profile die go out of the country to participate in international competition, after years of the fight of the market, the Chinese die profile in the international market has a place, the products have been around in various corners of the international market, even in far away in Johannesburg, South Africa (Johannesburg), also from China to see the profile die. In North America (such as the United States, Canada), Europe (such as Germany, Turkey, Russia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania), Asia (such as South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, India, Saudi Arabia) and other countries and regions, Chinas profile has grown Die For the mainstream profile of the scale of the production enterprises, the European mold of the old profiles such as Austria, Germanys main rival manufacturers.In the packaging industry, plastic injection process more and more people of all ages. The reason is that the use of a multi-layer die. This is a step forward in hot runner technology. Through the use of thin-wall injection molding process, saving the cost of raw materials. Other special process such as die labeling and multi-component technology, but also to reduce the process steps, improve production and efficiency has played a positive role. Plastic packaging materials, especially in the field of food industry, because of its light weight and good durability characteristics, in order to improve the standard of living we have today made a significant contribution. In addition, up to large industrial production of the product distribution all over the world, if there is no packaging material, it is unimaginable. So the whole, in the past few years throughout the plastic packaging market, mainly deep drawing plastic film packaging has been growing rapidly. Among them, the plastic packaging materials, such as boxes or cups, is in a rising stage, and gradually replace the thermal forming packaging material. From this standpoint, the trend can be inferred as follows: Higher material costs and additional costs of emissions to the use of lightweight packaging material. Performance of packaging materials have become increasingly demanding. Today, a good packing material should have a lot of features such as excellent writing, and open and accurate anti-accident weight distribution. Packaging materials as a result of the processing and marketing of globalization, the production of packaging materials to promote rapid growth. As a result, multi-cavity mold has been widely used. This development not only affect production, but also affected the product itself. Although an increase in productivity and product weight reduction has been the need to give priority to the factors, but there are still some other issues, for example, consumer protection and text markings. The use of comfort and consumer protection requirements, by a corresponding locking to achieve security. In order to increase the strength of the edge part, you can add fastening ribs. This measure can improve the overall performance of materials, if the molding material is so hot, it will be impossible to achieve this effect. In addition, the transparency of good optical properties of polypropylene can play through the printing die tag links eliminated. Through the hot runner technology to enhance the functions of multi-die Facts show that peoples products and their processing have become increasingly demanding. Especially in the molds, equipment and automation, the complexity of the work to be done. In order to achieve as much as possible to reduce the consumption of plastic materials, molding pieces must be made in full compliance with the geometry of the load requirements. The use of simulation software can calculate the mechanical design, forming the state of the forecast products. Reflected in the mold production is a very remarkable work to shorten the cycle time and improve labor productivity requirements. Mold can make use of multi-storey production 80% 100%, this step is reasonable. As a result of hot runner technology, you can heat by adjusting the nozzle to solve the problem of high porosity. According to the current technical level, there will be die in multi-storey two-surface. For example, in Chicago, NPE NPE2000 from Naefels of Netstal-Maschinen AG company Synery 6000 injection molding machine to display an operation in a production cycle can be 16 times more cases of the 8 +8 die. Operating cycle time within 5 seconds, the productivity of the machine for this specification, it is very worth mentioning. Is perfectly conceivable that the future of the mold can be divided into more layers. String 8 At the same time, operating cycle can be shortened operating time. Injection molding machine is the core of the production process device, its operation can achieve the impact of cycle time is critical. Evaluation indicators are important to achieve high efficiency of injection of plastics, whether operating at the same time. If we can meet these requirements, it can save 20% 50% of the operating cycle time. This is for multi-die, is to improve the economy of the decisive factors. At the same time, operation is defined as when the plasticizers can also be carried out all other processes, such as forming parts of the output, a high-speed injection molding and so on. In addition, the other through the use of specialized assistive devices can significantly improve the efficiency of plasticization. At present, the injection mold has been completely integrated into production equipment, it to some extent play a peripheral role of regulation and control equipment. From the hot runner to the pickup, the last until the die markings (IML). For machine manufacturers, this means that the next phase of development can not be concerned about the speed and time, but on the whole production environment. Therefore, manufacturers are faced with a series of challenges: (1) on the production of more demanding clean, the equipment must be designed in line with the need for cleaner production; (2) process steps must be set perfectly in the production process; (3) Tolerance the scope of getting smaller and smaller, the entire production process is getting higher and higher accuracy. Synthesis process can be integrated The requirements of modern packaging made more and more centralized production steps. Die tag (IML) and multi-component injection molding process that is both appropriate programs. IML technology used, the label can be directly set, so follow-up steps can be omitted. In addition, IML, there are other advantages: (1) the use of IML technology to achieve high print quality; (2) adjustment or replacement of equipment is very flexible, convenient and quick. Because of equipment, tooling and automation with each other very well, so print does not affect the operation marked the cycle time. For example, you can use the following methods: (1) pre-stamping by a good label to be placed in the mold cavity; (2) to print directly into a good film, stamping and labeling Add the same time with the operating cycle (Cut-in-Place Act). Multi-component injection molding is a need to pay attention to technology trends. The past, people can use a number of materials forming components to produce products. In order to fully tap the potential of design, for some time now in the packaging field, the increasing use of multi-component technology. For example, in a variety of sealing components used two or three colors for modification. Expected in the field of thin-walled packaging will also be increasing use of multi-component technology. Netstal company from a 2-component design on the cup can be seen that the production of the packaging products are an excellent cost-effective.附录二:英文译文中国塑料型材模具的发展 中国塑料异型材行业背景状况自1998 年以后, 国家出台了一系列推广化学建材发展的措施, 各地应用市场出现了强劲的需求。由于当时该产品具有较高的利润, 因此吸引了大批人士加入到这个行业中来, 超大规模企业的诞生和不断扩大, 使某一个地区的产能突然上升, 随之形成了全国范围内的不均衡的产能布局,以及占据绝对优势的买方市场。行业内的竞争加剧, 产品利润空间也被压缩, 再加上自2003 年开始的PVC 树脂价格上升, 有近1/3 的中小企业处于关停状态。2005 年3 月以后, PVC 树脂价格大幅下滑, 型材企业逐渐恢复正常的利润空间, 企业也逐渐认识到, 以超低价位争取市场的做法只能占据短时之利,长期实施必将消耗自身经济实力。因此格外珍惜这期待已久的外部环境, 努力保持合理的价位, 抵挡下游产品或终端的挤压, 杜绝无利经营的局面。自加入世贸组织( WTO) 后, 我国的市场经济地位已被众多的国家认可, 我国的国内市场已经国际化, 即使企业只在国内经营销售, 所面对的也是各国企业所共同拥有的国际化市场。行业内有识之士加紧研究国际市场、研究各国的对外贸易政策, 并根据国际市场的需求, 建立、改进企业的管理体制, 建立适应国际贸易规则、符合国际规范的财务管理制度和生产管理体系, 调整企业产品品种和生产标准, 促使型材行业产生出一批国际型现代化企业, 实现了行业内企业经营的国际化转变。2006 年中国型材挤出模具的发展情况根据中国塑料加工工业协会塑料异型材及门窗专委会在2006 年塑料异型材及门窗行业年会提供的数据,加上我们与行业内有关企业的交流与探讨, 我们认为以下数据可以更确切地反映出国内行业的部分现状。生产能力与实际产量: 截止至2006 年底, 国内的型材生产能力约为400 万吨/年, 实际产销量约为200万吨; 其中23 个规模企业的型材生产能力约为200 万吨, 实际产销量约为120 万吨。另外根据不完全的统计, 很多规模企业在2007 年度都有扩产计划, 例如浙江中财就有120 条生产线在西安投产, 天津金鹏将有252 条生产线陆续在天津、安徽、西安投产, 辽宁绥中威远将有4 条进口生产线或15 条国产生产线投产, 保定胜达也将有8 条生产线投产。国内、国外的市场需求: 在2006 年塑料异型材及门窗行业年会上, 建设部科技司倪江波处长在介绍国内建筑市场时指出: 未来5 年内城镇住房建设规模大约在15 亿平方米/年的水平上。以此推算, 塑料门窗的普及率在50%时, 这些新建住房门窗消耗的塑料异型材大约在180 万吨/年的水平上, 再考虑到农村住房建设和城镇旧房的门窗改造的消耗, 塑料异型材在国内市场的容量当在250 万吨/年的水平上, 即便是把未考虑到的一些增长因素计算在内, 塑料异型材在国内市场的容量应不大于300 万吨/年。国内型材出口的主要市场是俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、东南亚国家、加拿大、美国。中国型材挤出模具的发展情况伴随中国型材行业的发展, 国内的型材挤出模具生产企业已经成长为一个拥有数万从业人员, 约200 多家生产商, 年营业额约12 亿人民币的规模性行业。2006 年我国的模具企业完成交付使用约1200013000 套左右, 其中将有3000 套以上的模具出口。从2001 年开始, 中国型材模具走出国门参与国际竞争, 经过这几年的国市场的拼杀, 中国型材模具在国际市场已占有一席之地, 产品已遍布国际市场的各个角落, 甚至在远在南非的约翰内斯堡( Johannesburg) , 也能见到来自中国的型材模具。在北美( 如美国、加拿大) 、欧洲( 如德国、土耳其、俄罗斯、波兰、保加利亚、罗马尼亚) 、亚洲( 如韩国、泰国、越南、印度、沙特) 等国家和地区, 中国的型材模具已成长为规模型主流型材的生产企业, 成为欧洲老牌型材模具生产国如奥地利、德国厂家的主要竞争对手。在包装行业,注塑工艺越来越受到人们的青睐。其原因在于人们使用了多层模具。这是热流道技术上的一个进步。通过采用薄壁注塑工艺,能节省原材料的费用。其他特殊工艺例如压模标记法和多组分技术,也为减少工艺步骤、提高产量和提高效益起到了积极的作用。 塑料包装材料,特别是在食品工业领域,由于其重量轻和耐用性好的特点,为提高我们今天的生活水平作出了很大的贡献。另外,要把大工业化生产出来的产品配送到世界各地,如果没有包装材料的话,那也是难以想象的。所以从整体上看,在过去的几年里整个塑料包装市场,主要是深拉包装塑料薄膜得到了快速增长。其中,注塑包装材料,如包装箱或杯子,正处于上升阶段,并逐渐取代热成型包装材料。 从这一点出发,可以推断出如下趋势: 较高的材料费用和附加的排放费,促使人们使用轻型包装材料。 对包装材料性能的要求越来越高。今天好的包装材料应该具备很多功能,如良好的可书写性,防意外开启和准确的份量分配。 由于包装材料的加工和销售全球化,促使包装材料的产量急速增长。其结果是多层空腔模具得到了广泛的使用。 这种发展不仅给生产带来影响,而且也波及产品本身。虽然生产率的提高和产品重量的减少一直是需要优先考虑的因素,但是也还是会出现其他一些问题,例如,消费者保护和文字标记等。 针对使用舒适性和消费者保护方面的要求,可以通过一个相应的安全锁扣来实现。为了增加边缘部分的强度,可以添加紧固筋条。这个措施可以提高材料的综合性能,如果是热成型材料的话,就不可能达到这种效果。另外,透明度好的聚丙烯可以发挥光学特性,通过压模标记可以省去印刷环节。 通过热流道技术提高多层模具的功能 事实表明,人们对产品及其加工工艺的要求越来越高。特别是在模具、设备以及自动化领域,需要完成复杂的工作。为了达到尽可能减少塑料材料的消耗,必须使成型件的几何形状完全符合载荷的要求。使用模拟软件可以计算出产品的机械设计方案,预测产品成型状态。 在模具生产上反映很突出的是对缩短作业循环时间和提高劳动生产率的要求。使用多层模具可以使产量提高80%100%,这个步骤是合理的。由于热流道技术的进步,可以通过调节热流喷嘴来解决高中空度的问题。 按照目前的技术水平,在多层模具上会有两个分型面。例如在芝加哥的NPE2000塑料展览会上,来自Naefels的Netstal-Maschinen AG公司在Synery 6000注塑机上展示了一种在一个作业循环内能生产16个包装箱的8+8倍模具。作业循环时间5秒钟以内,其生产率对于此规格的机器来说,是非常值得一提的。完全可以想象,将来的模具可以分成更多层。 同时作业可以缩短作业循环时间 注塑机是生产过程中的核心装置,它对能否达到作业循环时间具有关键影响。重要的评判指标是能否达到高的塑化注射的效率、能否同时作业。如果能达到这些要求的话,就可以节省20%50%的作业循环时间。这一点对于多层模具来说,是提高经济性的决定性因素。同时作业是指在塑化的时候,也可以进行所有其它工序,如成型件的输出、合模和高速注射等。另外,通过使用专门其它辅助装置,可以明显提高塑化效率。 目前,注塑模具完全被融合到生产设备里,它在一定程度上发挥着对外围设备进行调控的作用。从热流道开始到取件,最后直到压模标记(IML)。对于机器生产厂家来说,这就意味着下一步的发展不能仅仅关注运行速度和时间上,而在于整个生产的环境上。所以厂家所面临着一系列挑战:(1)对生产清洁性的要求更高,所设计的设备必须符合清洁生产的需要;(2)工艺步骤必须完美地集合到生产流程里;(3)公差范围越来越小,要求整个生产过程的精度越来越高。 工艺流程可以合成一体 对现代化包装的要求使得生产步骤越来越集中化。压模标记(IML)和多组分注塑便是两个合适的工艺方案。采用IML工艺时,可以直接设置标签,因此后续的步骤就可以省略掉。此外,IML还有其他一些优点:(1)采用IML工艺能达到很高的打印质量;(2)调整或更换设备非常灵活,方便快捷。 例如,可以使用下列两种方法: (1)事先冲压好的标签逐个被放入到模腔里;(2)把印制好的薄膜直接放入,标签的冲压和放入与作业循环同步进行(Cut-in-Place法)。 多组分注塑是目前需要关注的一个技术发展趋势。过去,人们可以用多个材料组分生产出成型的产品。为了充分挖掘设计方面的潜力,一段时间以来在包装领域,人们越来越多地使用多组分技术。例如,现在在各种密封元件上就用二、三种颜色进行修饰。预计在薄壁包装领域也会越来越多地使用多组分技术。从Netstal公司设计的一种2组分饮料杯上就可以完全看出,生产这类包装产品是具有很好的经济效益的。第10页 共10页
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