新视野大学英语第一册第七单元sectionB课件ppt.ppt
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Tobeathomewithanewreadingskill findingoutwordmeanings TodecodeTextBthrough findingoutwordmeanings ToderiveknowledgefromTextB Tolearnhowtocopewithbadbehaviorsoncampus TeachingObjectives Warming UpActivities TextBDecoding T Decoding KnowledgeDeriving K Deriving FurtherDevelopment Contents CulturalBackground Topic centeredStudyofNewWords SpotDictation Warming upActivities CulturalBackground RandomActsofKindnessFoundation 1 2 TheRandomActsofKindnessFoundation 随机善举基金会 wasestablishedin1995 Itisanon profitorganizationfoundeduponthepowerfulbeliefinkindness Itisdedicatedtoprovidingresourcesandtoolsthatencourageactsofkindness TheFoundationinspirespeopletopracticekindnessandtopassitontoothers WordStudy SpotDictation Jotter CulturalBackground RandomActsofKindnessFoundation 2 2 Itprovidesfreeeducationalandcommunityideas guidance andotherresourcestokindnessparticipantsthroughitswebsite TheFoundationbelievesthatwhenkindnessisexpressed healthyrelationshipsarecreated communityconnectionsarenourished andpeopleareinspiredtopasskindnesson WordStudy SpotDictation Jotter 随意的 random 无知的 抵抗的 resistant ignorant 急脾气 shorttemper 盛行 v 可耻的 敌对的 冒犯的 抱怨 讨厌的人 事 后果 prevail disgraceful hostile offensive complaint nuisance Consequences 遇到 v 攻击目标 可能原因 encounter target Possiblecauses 打扰 disturbance 威胁 v 侮辱 v 恐吓 v 虐待 v 侮辱 粗鲁行为 Topic centeredStudyofNewWords Topic EtiquetteProblems Background SpotDictation Jotter threaten insult intimidate mistreat despite Rudebehaviors Topic centeredStudyofNewWords Iknowyou reabovemesocially butImustsayIfindyourattitude Hisslowreactioninlearning asitiscalled makesthestudenta forjokes Asnaturaldisasters thesafetyofourcity sodowarsendangerthepeaceofourworld Sadtosay hiswillfailstokeephimhighly totemptationaround Atmidnight hesteppedsilentlyoutofthedormtoprevent tohisroommates offensive target threaten resistant disturbance Background SpotDictation Jotter Topic centeredStudyofNewWords Peopledon tliketoaskquestionsforfearofappearing Itisreportedthathorrorstories amongChineseteenagers Intheeyesofexperts anyactionthatseems isaresultofmind Whatwewill intimetocomemaybewhatyouareignorantoftoday Aunitedeffortisalwaysmoreeffectivethananisolated ignorant prevail random encounter complaint Background SpotDictation Jotter SpotDictation Peopleusetheirmouthsformanythings Theyeat talk shoutandsing Theysmileandtheykiss IntheEnglishlanguage therearemany usingthewordmouth Butsomeofthemarenotsonice Forexample ifyousaybadthingsaboutaperson thepersonmight andsay Donotbadmouthme Sometimes peoplesaysomethingtoafriendorfamilymemberthattheylater becauseithurtsthatperson s Ortheytellthepersonsomethingtheywerenot totell expressions protest regret Background WordStudy Jotter feelings supposed SpotDictation Thespeakermightsay Ireallyputmyfootinmymouththistime Ifthisshouldhappen thespeakermight inthemouth hemightfeelsadforsayingthewrongthing Another iswhensomeonefalsely anotherpersonsaidsomething Theotherpersonmightprotest Ididnotsaythat Donot inmymouth feeldown Inotherwords situation claims putwords Background WordStudy Jotter TextBDecoding T Decoding ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings TextDecoding ThroughFindingoutwordmeanings FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings Whenyouaremakingaguessaboutthemeaningofanewwordinyourreading youcanturntocontextcluesforhelp Youmightnotbeabletoguesstheexactmeaningofanewwordeverytime butyoumaybecloseenoughtogetthemeaningofthesentencecontainingthenewword Howtofindoutwordmeanings TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings Itcanhelpfigureoutthemeaningofadifficultorunfamiliarword Itcanhelpcomprehendthecontentofthepassage whichinturnleadstoabetterunderstandingofthereadingmaterial Whatcantheskill findingoutwordmeanings doforus TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ClueI SynonymsDefinition Asynonymisawordorphrasethatmeansexactlyornearlythesameasanotherwordorphraseinthesamelanguage Contextclues similarly aswellas both and andlikewiseExample Prof Smith slecturesaresoriveting Similarly Prof Wilson sclassesareveryinterestingtoo Themeaningofrivetingislikelytobesimilartointerestingasindicatedbysimilarlyandtoo Whatarethecontextcluestofollowtoacquiretheskill TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings ClueII AntonymsDefinition Anantonymisawordmeaningtheoppositetoanotherword Contextclues however yet ontheotherhand insteadof but while andalthoughExample Mysisterisextremelyneatandtidyinappearancewhilesheisslovenlyindoinghousework Themeaningofslovenlymustbecontrarytoneatandtidyasindicatedbywhile TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings ClueIII DefinitionorexplanationDefinition Adefinitionorexplanationisaphraseorstatementgivingthemeaningofanunfamiliarword Contextclues be is are was were mean involve becalled i e andinotherwordsExample Thedeluge afloodofrain threatenedtodrownthelittletown Obviously delugemeansafloodofrain TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings ClueIV ExamplesDefinition Examplesareinformationthatcanprovidemoredetailstohelponeinferthemeaningoftheunfamiliarword Contextclues such like suchas andforexampleExample Variousmeansofconveyance forexample cars subways andships areusedworldwide Meansofconveyancemustrefertothingslikecars subways andships TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings ClueV Rootwords prefixes andsuffixesRootword Therootwordistheprimarylexicalunitofaword andofawordfamily rootisthencalledbaseword Prefix Aprefixisanaffixwhichisplacedbeforethestemofaword suchasun dis anti mis inter etc Suffix Asuffixisanaffixwhichisplacedafterthestemofaword suchas ment less ness tion ism ful able etc Example Sometimesthebestwaytoillustratehowtodosomethingisbycounterexample theprefixcounter meanstheoppositeofsomething TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings Inadditiontothecontextcluesabove commonsenseandyourknowledgeabouttherealworldcanalsohelpyoudiscoverthemeaningofanewword Example Professorsatamajoruniversitylaunchedacampaigntotrytoeliminateoneformofcheating Para 4 It scommonsensethatcheatingisbadbehavior soprofessorssurelywanttogetridofit Therefore themeaningofeliminatemustbegetridof TextDecoding Discussion Jotter ReadingSkill Findingoutwordmeanings TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings Throughadoptionofthewordscontrarytoeachotherinmeaning risingrudeness and raysofhope theauthorimpliesthatrudedeedsbecomesowidespread i e risingrudeness thattheyattractpublicattention thusmakingitpossibletoreversethetrend raysofhope Whatdoesthetitleimply ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Asthewriter slinearwayofthinkingimplies thefirstparagraphnormallyservesasanintroductiontohisgeneralstatementabouthiswritingandthefirstsentenceasthetopicsentence Ifthisisthecasewiththistext therefore thefirstsentencerevealsthemainideaofthewholepassage i e rudenessisacommonelementofmodernlife Nowlet sgoonwithreadingtoseehowthewritercentershiswritingonthecommonelementofmodernlife rudeness Whatisthemainideaofthetext Para 1 ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings Howtofindoutthemeaningofthephrase lumpit Para 1 Asindicatedbythesignalwords Or and Or thethreeexpressionsgetstrongerinthedegreeofforce Soiftheexpression Getoutoftheway means Goaway andtheexpression Mindyourownbusiness means Ignoreit theexpression lumpit astheleastrudeoneofall maymean livewithit or putupwithit Removalofbarrierstoourreading TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Asthefirstsentenceofthisparagraphimplies thewritermakesitthroughcitationofdiverserudepracticesinlargecities Taxidriversdriveondespitethe Walk sign sometalkloudlyonthecellphonedespiteanobviousnuisancetoothersaround andherdsofcommuterselbowtheirwaytograbseats intimidatingtheold thedisabledandthepregnant Howdoesthewritersupporthisargument Para 2 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Whatisthemeaningoftheword prompting Asourcommonsensetellsus anyonewhokicksyourcarusuallymakesyousoangryastoteachhimalesson Sofromthecontextclues weknowthatthedriver signoranceofthe Walk signindrivingmadethepedestriansoangryastokickhiscar whichinturnservedasthedirectcauseofthedriver schase Sothenewword prompt hereinmeans makesb dosomethingasareaction Removalofbarrierstoourreading TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Fromthecontextclues wecaninferthatthepedestriankickedthecabbecauseitsdriverdroveonratherthanstopatthe Walk sign Whydidthepedestriankickthetaxi Para 2 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Whatisthemeaningofthenewwords elbow and intimidate Para 2 Tothebestofourknowledgeaboutwordformation therootwordof intimidate is timid meaning shy theprefix in means cause sb sth tobeinthestateof andthesuffix ate servesasaverb formative Inthatlight theword intimidate isnolongerunknown meaning causesb tobeinthestateofbeingshy Removalofbarrierstoourreading TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Whatisthemeaningofthenewwords elbow and intimidate Para 2 Then whatislikelytofrightentheold thedisable andthepregnant Fromthecontextclues weknowthatsubwaystationsarefullofcrowdsofriderseagertotakethesubway whichisacommonsightinChina So elbowone swaytograbseats means pushothersasidewithone selbowssoastotakeseats Removalofbarrierstoourreading TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Fromthecontextclues weknowthatpeople sideasarenotcutfromthesamecloth Someexpertsattributethetrendtopeople sresistancetotraditionalvaluesandmanners whereasothersascribeittothepaceofmodernlifethatistoofastforpeopletobepolitetoeachother Whatisbehindthetrendofrisingrudeness Para 3 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Fromthecontextclues Inasmalltown Inthecity weknowthatpeopleinlargecitiesareunlikelytomeetagainthepersontowhomtheyarerude Whydopeopleinlargecitiesseemruderthanthoseinsmallertowns Para 3 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Asthefirstsentenceoftheparagraphimplies stressalsocontributestothetrendofrisingrudeness AccordingtothecounselorCindyKludt rudenesscorrespondswiththestressofpeopleworkingunderlife and deathcircumstances Thesameholdstrueformotoristsunderstress asshowninParagraph5 Whatfactoralsofuelsthetrendofrisingrudeness Para 4 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Fromthecontextclues itisclearthatpublicservantsarerudetothem aspeoplenotice whichinturnleadsthemtodealwiththepublicservantsinarudewayaswell justasrudenesscutsbothways Whyarepublicofficialsoftenthetargetofpeople sfrustration Para 6 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Whatisthemeaningoftheword perceive Para 6 Asourknowledgeaboutwordformationtellsus therootoftheword perceive is ceive whichmeans take andtheprefix per means through Sotheword perceive means understand seethrough Removalofbarrierstoourreading TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Fromthefirstsentenceoftheparagraph weknowthatrudebehaviorisnotmerelyconfinedtorudelanguage asshowninthetypicalexamplesherein Awaiterwasslappedandcursedinwork amanwasbeatenandpunchedforcomplainingtoawomanforheruseofbadlanguage andutilityworkerssufferfrommoreandmoreviolence Whatistheeffectofrudenessonsociallife Para 7 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Fromthecontextclues Infact thenormofnon involvement weknowthatpeopletendtoavoidgettinginvolved Whatisthepopularattitudetowardrudenessinpublic Para 8 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Whatisthemeaningoftheword norm Para 8 Fromthecontextclues itisclearthat thenorm isanothernameof anewpattern Sothemeaningoftheword norm issimilartothatofthe pattern i e thenormalorusualwayofdoingsth Removalofbarrierstoourreading TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Fromthedetailedanalysisofthewholetext wecangraspthemodeofwritingtheauthoradoptsforhispurpose Statementcompletewithevidence Para 1 2 Analysesofcauseandeffect Para 3 7 Conclusionwithraysofhope Para 8 TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter 1 Itisgenerallythoughtaroundtheworldthattheinhabitantsoflargecitiesareruderthantheirfellowcitizensfromsmallertownsorthecountryside para 2 Inthissentence withthehelpofourknowledgeaboutthecomparisonofsamethings wecangraspthemeaningofinhabitant sinceitssynonymis fellowcitizen Morepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeanings TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter 2 Disgracefulinsultsareshoutedandevenbottlesandtrasharethrownatroadcrewsbyupsetdriversbecauselanesarerestricted para 5 Asfarasthewordformationisconcerned therootoftheword disgraceful is grace whichmeans elegance thesuffix ful means fullofgrace andtheprefix dis means theoppositeofgrace Thus themeaningofthenewwordisclear i e graceless or unacceptable Morepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeanings TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter 3 Staffassistantsinpublicinstitutionstellofrude hostile andsometimesthreateningwordsfrompeoplewhofeelgovernmentagenciesarerudeormistreatingthem para 6 Inthissentence thewords rude hostileandthreatening areusedinaparallelstructure Sothethreewordsmaybesimilartoeachotherinmeaningbutprogressiveinthedegreeofforce Iftheword rude means impolite theword hostile asastrongeroneinthisdirectionofmeaning maymean unfriendly andtheword threatening asthestrongestoneinthegroup maymean harmful Morepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeanings TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter 4 Asrudenessinpublicdealingscutsbothways citizensperceivethatpublicservantshabituallyignorethem andtheyinturntreatthepublicservantsinanoffensivefashion para 6 Asthecontextcluesimply rudenessinpublicdealingscutsbothways Nowthatpublicservantsignorecitizens thelatterinturnwoulddealwiththeformerinthesameway i e inanoffensiveorrudeway Morepracticeinhowtofindoutwordmeanings TextDecodingThroughFindingoutWordMeanings ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Asacommonelementofmodernlife rudenessisontheriseinsocialcontact Getaroundthecityandyouwillfindevidenceeverywhere Moretaxidrivers theircarsagainstwalkers kneesdespitethe Walk signs moresubwayriders orelbowtheirwaytotakeseats intimidatingtheoldortheyoung morecellphoneuserstalkloudly whichhasbecomea tothosearound andmorepeopleturnto forsolutionstoothers complaints bump cutinline nuisance verbalabuse SummaryofTextB ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Whatisbehindthetrendofrisingrudeness Someexpertsblamepeoplefortheirresistancetotraditionalvaluesandmanners whereasothersblamethepaceofmodernlifethatistoofastforpeopletobepolite Stressalso inignorantbehavior asrudenessor oftencorrespondwithstressinhospitalsorduringdensetraffic Andevenworse rudebehavior badlanguage disgracefulinsults playsarole goesbeyond SummaryofTextB ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter Itsometimesturnsintoviolence Amanwasrecentlyinjured forexample becausehe awomanforuseofdirtylanguageinherloudconversation Despitethe ofnon involvement randomactsofkindnessinsociallifeinspirepeopletopracticekindnessandtopassitontoothers Let shopethisoptimisticsign andopensthedoortoabetterworldforusall complainedabout norm prevails SummaryofTextB ReadingSkill Discussion Jotter FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic Beingpoliteandkindtootherpeoplecanimproveyourrelationshipwithothersandmakelifehappierforothersaswellasforyoubecauseitcan makeothersfeelgoodaboutthemselvesbecausetheyaretreatedinapoliteway makeyoufeelbetteraboutyourselfbecauseyoubehavenicely Whyisitimportantforustobepoliteandkindtootherpeople 1 2 ReadingSkill TextDecoding Jotter FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic makeotherslikeyoumorebecauseyouareaniceperson makeothersrespectyoumorebecauseyourpolitenessmakesyouarespectableperson bringpeopleclosertoyou fortheywillseeyouassomeoneworthyoftheirtimeandattention Whyisitimportantforustobepoliteandkindtootherpeople 2 2 ReadingSkill TextDecoding Jotter FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic Ifeveryonewererudeanddishonest theworldwouldbecomeaterribleplace Peoplewouldfeelunhappyiftheyweretreatedinarudeanddishonestway Nobodywouldtrustanyoneelse nobodywouldhavearealfriend Banksandcompanieswouldgooutofbusiness whowoulddaretoputmoneyinthesebanksordobusinesswiththesecompaniesiftheyarerudeanddishonest Withoutpolitenessandhonesty societywouldfallapartandpeoplewouldliveachaoticandmiserablelife Whatwouldtheworldlooklikeifeveryonewererudeanddishonest ReadingSkill TextDecoding Jotter FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic Everyonecandotheirsharetopromotepolitenessandunderstandingbetweenpeople Forexample wecan smiletothepeoplewemeet Asmileonmyfacewillmakeotherssmiletoo saynicewordstoothers Nicewordsmakepeoplehappyandnice bereadytoofferhelp helppeopleinneed includingstrangers alwaystreatpeoplethewaywe dliketobetreated Ifwe renicetoothers theywillbenicetous Whatcanwedotopromotepolitenessandunderstandingbetweenpeople ReadingSkill TextDecoding Jotter KnowledgeDeriving K Deriving Extraction ApplicationofProductivePatterns CreativeUseofLexicalCollocations Extraction ApplicationofProductivePatterns XbelievesYisaninvitationtodoZ productivepattern X认为 Y是Z的诱因 youwillencountertaxidriverswhobelievea Walk signatawalkwayisanautomaticinvitationtobumptheircarsagainstpedestrians knees 应用提示 用于 阐明事物的诱因 课文句子逆译 你都会遇到那种出租车司机 他们把人行通道上的 行人通行 信号当作他们去撞行人膝盖的自动邀请 Para 2 L Collocations Jotter XbelievesYisaninvitationtodoZ Inthiscontext X sociologists Y money Z crimes and do commit 社会学家认为 金钱是很多人犯罪的诱因 Sociologistsbelievethatmoneyisaninvitationformanypeopletocommitcrimes ContextI L Collocations Jotter Inthiscontext X peoplearoundhim Y hisroughbehavior Z lesson and do teach him 他周围的人都认为他粗鲁的行为真想让人教训他一顿 Peoplearoundhimbelievethathisroughbehaviorisaninvitationtoteachhimalesson ContextII XbelievesYisaninvitationtodoZ L Collocations Jotter XcomeswithYandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon productivepattern X与Y相随 这成为非常普遍的现象 Rudenesscomes correspondswithstressandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon 应用提示 用于 阐明事物间的关联性 课文句子逆译 人们因压力而变得粗鲁 这成为非常普遍的现象 Para 5 Extraction ApplicationofProductivePatterns L Collocations Jotter Inthiscontext X abuseofoffice andY moneyorsex 滥用职权与钱或色为伴 这成为社会上非常普遍的现象 Abuseofofficecomeswithmoneyorsexandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommoninsociety ContextI XcomeswithYandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon L Collocations Jotter Inthiscontext X economicdevelopment andY environmentalpollution 经济发展伴随着环境污染 这成为非常普遍的现象 Economicdevelopmentcomeswithenvironmentalpollutionandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon ContextII XcomeswithYandthisisbecomingstrikinglycommon L Collocations Jotter Xisoftenthetarget object victimofY productivepattern X经常是Y的目标 Publicofficialsareoftenthetargetofpeople sfrustration 应用提示 用于 阐述事物的目标 课文句子逆译 公共机构的工作人员常常是人们发泄不满的对象 Para 6 Extraction ApplicationofProductivePatterns L Collocations Jotter Inthiscontext X thelike mindedmarriage andY one spursuitoflove 志同道合的婚姻是他追求爱情的目标 Thelike mindedmarriageisthetargetofhispursuitoflove ContextI Xisoftenthetarget object victimofY L Collocations Jotter Inthiscontext X fairnessandjustice andY humansociety 公平和正义是人类社会追求的终极目标 Fairnessandjusticeistheultimateobjectofhumansociety ContextII L Collocations Jotter Xisoftenthetarget object victimofY XinspiresYtodoZ productivepattern X激励Y做Z Forexample oneinternationalorganization theRandomActsofKindnessFoundation inspirespeopletopracticekindnessandtopassitontoothers 应用提示 用于 阐述事物的激励作用 课文句子逆译 例如 一个叫 随机善举基金会 的国际组织鼓励人们行善 并把友善传递给其他人 Para 8 Extraction ApplicationofProductivePatterns L Collocations Jotter Inthiscontext X hisactionforjustice Y us Z justiceinsociallife and do uphold 他的正义行为激励着我们在社会生活中主持正义 并将它传递给周围的人 Hisactionforjusticeinspiresustoupholdjusticeinsociallifeandtopassitontopeoplearound ContextI XinspiresYtodoZ L Collocations Jotter Inthiscontext X one sdesireforabetterfuture Y us Z newchallenges and do takeup turnsth intoanorm 我们对美好未来的向往激励着我们迎接新挑战 并使之成为一种常态 Ourdesireforabetterfutureinspiresustotakeupnewchallengesandtoturnitintoanorm ContextII L Collocations Jotter XinspiresYtodoZ X- 配套讲稿:
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