2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习 词汇篇《词汇专练》(含解析).DOC
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2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习 词汇篇词汇专练(含解析)2. bargain n. C便宜货,廉价货 C便宜,廉价 C交易,买卖 vI讨价还价搭配【练习】 英译汉/完成句子That car is a real bargain at $300. _她和商贩讲价钱。She _ the trader _ the price. 【答案】那辆汽车300美元,真便宜。bargained with; over3. base n. C基础,根据 C基地,根据地,总部 vT以为基础The facts are the base of the theory.事实是这个理论的基础。 搭配【练习】 完成句子我的观点是以事实作为依据的。I base my opinion _ the facts. My opinion _ the facts.根据西班牙传统吉他音乐改编的这首歌很有趣。This song _ traditional Spanishguitar music is interesting. 【答案】on; is based on(which is) based on/upon4. bear n. C 熊:a polar bear北极熊 v过去式bore ; 过去分词borne 或born T承受,负担,承担 T忍受,容忍(通常与can / could连用,用于疑问句或否定句中)同stand; put up with; tolerate T结(果实),生育搭配【练习】 完成句子这湖上的冰承受不了你的体重。The ice on the lake will not _. 谁负担这费用呢?Who will _? 这棵树不结果。This tree _.我受不了被人忽视。I cant bear _. 【易混辨析】born, borne两者均为bear的过去分词,但用法不同。born作“出生”、“出身”解时,只用于被动语态。还可表示“天生的”、“生来就”的意思,用作表语或定语borne作“生育”或“结(果实)”解【练习】 完成句子She has _ a son.She _ in Beijing.He was a _ poet.【答案】 bear your weightbear the expensebears no fruitbeing ignored/to be ignoredbornewas bornborn5. because conj. (引导原因状语从句、表语从句)因为【易混辨析】because, why引导表语从句时的区别because引导表语从句时,表示原因why引导表语从句时,表示结果【练习】 用because, why填空He is ill. Thats _ he didnte yesterday. He didnt e yesterday. Thats _he was ill.【易混辨析】because of, owing to, thanks to, due to, on account of这些介词短语都可用于表示原因because of“因为,由于”,作状语,可置于句首或句中owing to“由于”,作状语或表语,可置于句首或句中thanks to“多亏,由于”, 多用于表达正面意思,相当于感谢,作状语,可置于句首或句中due to侧重于原因,作表语或状语,不置于句首on account of与because of同义,但较正式,作状语或表语【练习】 完成句子由于交通路况不佳我迟到了。I was late _/_/_/_ the traffic. 由于辛苦的工作,才取得了这么大的成功。_/_/_/_ hard work it was a great success. 【答案】why; becausebecause of; owing to; due to; on account ofThanks to; Because of; Owing to; On account of6. behalf nU利益(仅用于下列短语)搭配【练习】 我代表第二组发言。I am speaking _. 他为了你才这么说的。He said so _.【答案】on behalf of Group 2on your behalf7. behave v. I表现,举止 I/T 守规矩,举止得体搭配【链接】 behaviour/behavior nU行为,举止【练习】 完成句子/英译汉他待她很差。He _ her. 妈妈总是叫孩子们守规矩。Mum always tells _. He behaves himself like a man. _【答案】behaved badly toher children to behave themselves他表现得像一个男子汉。 8. belong vI属于搭配【链接】 belongings 复数 所有物,财产【练习】 完成句子/单项选择这本书属于我。The book _. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _ to the welleducated.A. belongs B. is belongedC. is belonging D. will be belonged【解析】belongs to meAbelong to不用于被动语态和进行时态,故选项B、C、D都不正确。句意:威廉姆斯教授一直告诉他的学生,未来是属于受过良好教育的人。9. benefit v. T使受益 ( do good to; be beneficial to) I受益 nU/C 利益,好处搭配【链接】 beneficial adj. 有益的,有利的搭配【练习】 完成句子他的忠告使我受益匪浅。I _ his advice. 新建的医院会给这座城市带来极大的好处。The new hospital _ the town. 你的建议对我很有益。Your advice is _.这种药对他的健康几乎没有好处。The drug has _ his health.She has the benefit of a good education. _【答案】benefited a lot fromwill be of a great benefit to/will greatly benefitof great benefit to me/very beneficial to melittle benefit on她受益于良好的教育。10. besides prep. 除以外(还有) adv. 此外,而且 ( whats more; moreover; in addition)【练习】 完成句子除了汤姆,我还有很多朋友。I have many _ friends _ Tom. 今天下午除了看书以外,你还做了什么?What else did you do this afternoon _?我很忙,而且我也不想去。I am very busy. _. 【易混辨析】besides, except, except for, except从句, but, apart frombesides“除外”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,可和表示“部分”概念的词another, other, else, more, as well等连用except“除外”,指“在整体中除去一部分”except for“除了外”,用于修正或订正某些事实except从句从句可由that,when,what,where等引导,表示“除了”,不包括从句的内容but意思同except,常与不定代词no, nobody, nothing, all, everything, anything及疑问词who, where, what等连用apart from兼有besides和except两种含义,根据上下文可用besides, except或except for替代;后接名词、代词或动名词【练习】 用besides, except, except for, but, apart from填空/单项选择It was dark in the city _ a few weak lights.Does John know any other foreign language _ French?Theres nothing _ two chairs in the room._ the salary, its not a bad job. _ being a little large, the hat looks nice. She es to school every day _ it rains heavily.A. besides B. except forC. except that D. except when【解析】other; besidesbesides readingBesides, I dont want to goexcept forbesidesbut/exceptApart from/Except forApart fromDit rains heavily是个句子,排除A和B项。根据every day可知,是除下大雨的时候,故选D。11. best adj. 最好的(good的最高级)反worst adv. 最好地(well的最高级) n. 最好的(人或物)用单数,加the 搭配【练习】 完成句子/汉译英你最好留下来。It _ stay. 我们最好现在动身。We _ start now. 他最喜欢足球。He likes football _. 他至多是个成绩中等的学生。He is an average student _. 我要尽最大努力达到我的目标。Ill _ my goal. 尽量利用你的时间。_. 【答案】is best for you tohad bestbest of allat bestdo my best to reachMake the best of your time12. blame vT责备,责怪 nU 过失,责备搭配【练习】 完成句子那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。The driver _. 他们怪罪秘书造成计划延误。They blamed the secretary _ the delay of the plan. 他把失败归咎于他的老师。He blamed the failure _ his teacher. 【答案】was not to blame for the traffic accidentforon 13. board n. C木板,板 C甲板 C布告牌; a notice board布告栏 C委员会,董事会 C(政府的)部 vT上(车、船、飞机) ( go on board)搭配【练习】 完成句子他从未乘过船。He _ a ship before. 乘客们上船/上车/登机了吗?Have the passengers _ yet? 【答案】has never been on boardgone on board/ boarded【易混辨析】board, aboard, abroad, broadboardprep. 上(车/船/飞机)aboardadv. 在(车/船/飞机)上同on boardabroadadv. 在/到国外broadadj. 宽阔的【助记】14. bother v. T打扰,麻烦 I烦恼,麻烦,操心 nU 烦恼,麻烦同trouble搭配【练习】 完成句子不要打电话打扰我。Dont _. 他总是用愚蠢的问题打扰我。Hes always _ foolish questions. 别为那烦恼。Dont _ that. We had a lot of bother (in) repairing it. _【答案】bother to phone mebothering me withbother about我们修理它很费力。【易混辨析】bother, interrupt, disturbbother“打扰,扰乱”,指扰乱某人心绪而使之不安,强调“扰”interrupt“打断,中断”,指中断正在进行的工作、谈话等,强调“断”disturb“打扰,扰乱,妨碍”,强调扰乱、妨碍平静或正常秩序15. bound adj. 被束缚的,被绑的同tied (法律上或道德上)有义务的 v. I跳跃搭配He was bound to a chair.他被绑在一把椅子上。【练习】 完成句子/英译汉人质被绑在椅子上。The hostage _ a chair. 我们有执行这个计划的义务。We_ the plan.I am bound to my family._【答案】is bound toare bound to carry out我被家庭所束缚。16. break v. I/T打破,打碎,折断 T 违反,违背 I/T中止,中断 I(天)破晓 nC 暂停,(工间、课间等)休息时间搭配【练习】 用介、副词填空Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken _.Modern music has broken away _ 18th century rules. We are sorry for being late, but our car broke _ on the way.The peace talks have broken _.Scientists hope to break _ soon in their fight against cancer. Thieves broke _ the bank last night and stole some money.【答案】upfromdowndownthroughinto17. bury v. T 埋葬,葬 埋藏 遮盖,覆盖搭配【拓展】burial nC/U埋葬,葬礼a burial service 葬礼( funeral)【练习】 完成句子/英译汉/单项选择他正埋头在手机上发短信。He _ sending text messageson his cellphone.登山者被活埋在一堆岩石中。The climbers _ under a pile of rocks. He buried the treasures under the ground._She buried her face in her hands and wept._ in his study, he didnt notice that the teacher had e up to him.A. Buried B. BuryingC. Be buried D. Being buried【答案】is burying himself in/is buried inwere buried alive他把财宝埋在地下。她双手掩面哭了起来。A句意:他埋头于学习,老师走到他跟前都没有注意到。bury和主语he是被动关系,故用过去分词;buried在句中作原因状语,因此前面不用be。1. care v. I/T介意,关心,关注 I照顾,照料 n. U担心,烦恼 U照料,护理 U注意,小心同attention; caution搭配【练习】 完成句子注意不要把这婴儿吵醒了。_ that you dontwake the baby. 她在照料我的婴儿。She is _ my baby. 只要你答应把我的照相机保管好就可以借去用。You can borrow my camera if you promise to_ it.【易混辨析】care about, care forcare about表示“关心;介意,在乎”care for表示“喜欢;愿意,想要”【练习】 用about, for填空Einstein who cared little _ money never cared _ his salary.Would you care _ some coffee?【答案】Take caretaking care oftake good care offor; aboutfor【助记】2. case n. C情况,状况 C(加the)事实,实情 C病例,患者 C案件,诉讼 C箱(子),盒(子)搭配【练习】 写出句中case的词义/完成句子If this is the case, I must let him know it._The police are investigating the murder case._She dragged the heavy case up the stairs._Theyll operate on the more serious cases right away._你最好带上雨伞以防下雨。You had better take an umbrella _. You had better take an umbrella _.如果他来,告诉我一声。_, let me know it.我根本没有注意到他早离开了。In no case _ that he left early.【答案】事实/实情案件手提箱患者/病人in case it rains; in case of rainIn case he es/In case of his inghave I noticed3. catch vT 抓住,接住 赶上,搭上(车、船等)反miss 理解,听懂同understand; follow 感染(疾病) 撞上,偶然发现 吸引,引起(注意等)搭配【练习】 完成句子/英译汉/单项选择老师捉住他考试舞弊。The teacher caught him _ in the exam.被动语态 He _.要是你耽误很多课,你会很难赶上的。If you miss a lot of lessons, its very difficult _.At rush hour we are often caught in traffic._The painting on the wall caught my eye._I didnt catch what you said._The owner scolded the girl caught _ flowers in his garden and let her off. A. picking B. to pick C. to have picked D. to be picking【易混辨析】catch up with, keep up with这两个短语都有“跟上,赶上”的意思。catch up with指从后面赶上来,是短暂性动作keep up with指不落后于别人的状态,是延续性动作。【练习】 用catch up with或keep up with填空别跑了,我赶不上你了。Dont run I cant _ you. 为了跟上那些优秀学生,我们得努力学习了。We have to work hard to _ thoseexcellent students. 【解析】cheating; was caught cheating in the examto catch up在交通高峰时间我们经常遇到堵车。 墙上的画吸引了我。我没听懂你说的话。A该题考查catch sb. doing sth.这一结构,其被动形式为sb. be caught doing sth.。该句中caught是过去分词作后置定语,修饰the girl,相当于who was caught stealing。catch up withkeep/catch up with4. certain adj. (作表语)确信的,肯定的,有把握的同sure; 反uncertain (作定语)(不指明的或不说出的)某个,某些同some搭配【练习】 完成句子他确信会成功。He _ success. 我们队有把握赢。Our team is certain of winning.Our team _ we will win.如果你这样做一定会被发现。If you do this, you _ be found out.出门时一定要确保把门锁上。_ the door is locked whenyou go out.我不敢肯定他什么时候来。I cant say _ when he will e.【易混辨析】certain, surecertain和sure都有“确信的,肯定的”之意。当主语为人或天气时,sure和certain可换用。在祈使句中用sure,不用certain。在以it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句子中用certain,不用sure。【练习】 用certain或sure填空It is _ that hell e. I feel it _ that hell e. Hes _ to e. Be _ to e. 【答案】is certain/sure ofis certain/sure (that)are certain/sure toMake certain/sure (that)for certain/surecertaincertaincertain /suresure 5. challenge vT向挑战 n. C挑战,艰巨任务搭配【链接】 challenging adj. 具有挑战性的【练习】 英译汉/完成句子She likes her job to be a challenge._This is a challenging and rewarding job. _女孩们邀请男孩子进行足球比赛。The girls _ the boys _ a football match. 【答案】她喜欢艰巨的工作。这是一项富有挑战性且回报丰厚的工作。challenged; to6. charge v. I/T要价,收费 T控告,指控 T给充电 n. C费用,价钱 U指控,控告 U掌管,负责搭配【练习】 完成句子他被指控盗窃。He _. 修理这辆自行车要多少钱?How much do you _ the bike? 我的手机正在充电。我能用你的吗?My cellphone _. May I use yours? 你可以免费看这部电影。You can see the film _. 【易混辨析】in charge of, in/under the charge ofin charge of“(某人)负责,掌管”,含有主动意义,of的宾语是所管理的事、物或人in/under the charge ofin sb.s charge“某事或人由某人负责或掌管”,含有被动意义,of的宾语是实施管理的人【练习】 完成句子/单项选择玛丽负责照看这些孩子。Mary is _ the children. The children are _.你负责做沙拉。Youre _ the salad. 老板不在期间由我负责管理公司。I will take _ during the boss absence. 【答案】was charged with stealing/theftcharge (me) for repairingis being chargedfree of chargein charge of; in/under the charge of Mary/in Marys chargein charge of makingcharge of the pany7. check v. T 检查,核对 查看,查明 n. 检查,核对 支票(【英】 cheque)搭配【练习】 完成句子请至少在飞机起飞前一小时办理登记手续。Please _ at least an hour before departure. 那时我们已结账离开了宾馆。Then we _ of the hotel. 【易混辨析】check, examine, test, inspect这4个动词都有“检查”之意。check意为“检查,核对”,侧重于核对、找错,也常用于判断事物的正误、有无或是否正常等examine侧重于通过仔细地察看以发现问题、故障、违禁等,也指正式考试、测验test意为“检测,试验”,指通过某种手段检测某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准inspect侧重于为了发现问题进行的仔细而挑剔的检查。inspect 还有“视察,检阅”之意,主要指官方或上级检查【练习】 用check, examine, test, inspect的适当形式填空/单项选择He _ the puter but found nothing wrong.The Queen acpanied President Hu Jintao in _ a Guard of Honour (仪仗队)_ your homework before you hand it in.This product is not _ on animals. Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? Oh, really! I havent _ my mailbox yet. A. examined B. reviewedC. tested D. checked【答案】check inhave checked outexaminedinspectingChecktestedD8. circumstance n. C, 常用复数 情况,情形,环境搭配【练习】 完成句子在目前情况下,我们不得不推迟讨论这个问题。_, we have to delay discussingthis subject. 无论如何我都不会去。_. 【答案】Under/In the present circumstancesUnder/In no circumstances will I go【易混辨析】circumstance, environment, surroundingcircumstance常用复数,指与某事件或某人有关的情况、环境、境况等。environment常用单数,既指自然环境,也指对人的情感、道德及观念等产生影响的环境。surrounding用复数,表示“环境,周围的事物”,仅指周围的具体的物质性的东西。We must adapt to the changing social circumstances.我们必须适应正在变化的社会环境。He grew up in a happy environment.他在幸福愉快的环境中长大。We are living in pleasant surroundings.我们生活在舒适的环境中。【提示】environment和surroundings指“环境”时常可换用。protect the environment/surroundings 保护环境。9. claim v. T声称,断言 I/T(根据权利)要求,索取,索赔,认领 n. C声称,主张,断言 C(依据权利提出的)要求,索赔搭配Some people claimed to have seen UFOs.有些人声称看到过飞碟。They claim that they are badly paid.他们声称待遇太差。【练习】 完成句子他声称已发现了治疗这种病的一种药物。He _ a cure for the disease.货物如有损坏,可以要求索赔。You can _ if the goods are damaged. 谁丢了包,请到广播站来认领。Anyone who lost a bag please e to the radio station _.【答案】claimed to have discoveredclaim your money backto claim10. bine vI/T结合,联合,合并 n. C联合企业 C联合收割机搭配【练习】 英译汉/完成句子Lets bine our efforts. _The two panies bined to make a large one. _这部影片寓教于乐。The fi- 配套讲稿:
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