2018成考高起点《语文》常考诗词精选与2018成考专升本英语考点借鉴
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2018 成考高起点语文常考诗词精选与 2018 成考专升本英语考点借鉴2018 成考专升本英语考点1and 的用法and 连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Both he and I are right.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.当连接的是两个不可分的东西时,谓语动词用单数,例如:Whisky and soda is my favorite drink.Bread and butter is my favorite snack.由 and 连接的并列主语中如果有 each, every, no 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Every boy and every girl has a dictionary at hand.Each man and each woman has a dancing partner at the party.2就近原则notbut,not only but also,eitheror,,neithernor ,there be,here以上词语连接两个主语时,以离动词最近的主语形式为准,如:Either Mr. Smith or his wife and sons have to face the difficulties.There are fourteen chairs and a whiteboard in the meeting room.经典试题:One or more pages are missing.The headmaster or I am going to hand out the papers.3就远原则with, along with, together with, including, except, but, besides, rather than, instead of以上词语连接两个主语时,以离动词远的主语形式为准,如:The library including 5,000 books was burnt down last night.The teacher rather than the students was wrong.4集合名词Family, class, group, team, crew, committee,等如以上名词作主语时,如果指一个整体,谓语动词就是单数;如果指成员时,谓语动词用复数,如:The class is made up of 40 students.5单独的动名词不定式,从句,时间,金钱,距离,学科,疾病,组织(专有名词)做主语时,谓语动词用单数,如;Swimming is good for you.Fifty dollars is too much for me.Father gave me a dictionary as a birthday gift, which makes me excited.Physics is really difficult for me to learn.关系代词关系代词 who, which, that 的考点:I know the girl. The girl works in IBM.I know the girl who / that works in IBM.The old man is a famous artist. We visited the old man yesterday.The old man who /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.The laptop is made by DELL. I bought the laptop last week.The laptop which / that I bought last week is made by DELL.先行词为以下情况,关系代词必须用 that:先行词被形容词最高级修饰:He is the hardest-working student that I have ever taught.先行词被序数词修饰:He is the first man that finished the work on time.先行词被 only, just, the same, next 等词修饰:This is the only dictionary that I have at hand.先行词本身为不定代词:Is there anything that I can do for you?先行词中既包含人又包含物:We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.正式用法中,先行词是动物的时候We have to protect whales and sharks that are being threatened by death.表示比较的方法表示比较的方法在英语里是比较复杂的。除了形容词和副词的比较级和最高级外,还有很多特定的短语和句型表示比较。对于这类考题,考生需熟记公式,记清各公式中的形容词、副词、介词、连词等的搭配,以及其比较的含义。这里就常考的一些比较形式作一个归纳。平级比较:这是指在比较的过程中不用形容词或副词的比较级或最高级进行比较,而是用特定句型的肯定或否定式进行比较。as+形容词/副词+as(肯定式,意为:跟一样)not SO(as)+形容词/副词+as(否定式,意为:不如)as+形容词+a/an+单数名词+asas+many/few+可数名词+asas much/little+不可数名词+asthe same+名词+as(与一样)This is as interesting a book as the other is.这本书跟另一本一样有意思。Helen cannot come to visit her mother so often as she hopes.Helen 不可能像她希望的那样经常看望母亲。You can write as many words for your paper as you want.你的文章想写多少字就写多少字。She was born on the same day as I was.她跟我在同一天出生。2. 带有 than 的比较:more than.不仅仅,不只是more A than B 与其说是 B,不如说是 A(否定 B,肯定 A)rather than 宁愿而不愿would rather+省略 to 的不定式+than+省略 to 的不定式宁愿而不愿no+形容词比较级 +than 都不He is more a businessman than a professor.他更像是商人,不像教授。The movie is more boring than interesting.这部电影很乏味没意思。I have no more than five dollars.我只有 5 美元。He is no taller than Jack.他并不比 Jack 高。(有两个人都不高的含义)l would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁愿在家看电视而不出去看电影。He paid no less than 200 dollars.他至少付了 200 美元。注意:类似的词组有 prefer A to B 偏爱胜过(肯定 A,否定B);A+not+比较级+than+B A 不如 B。I prefer watching movie to TV program.我喜欢看电影而不是看电视。He is not taller than Jack.他没有 Jack 高。3. 其他比较句型:The+比较级, the+比较级越,越比较级 and 比较级越来越 Is that true that the higher education you gain the better job you can get?受的教育多就能找到更好的工作吗?Winter comes,so it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,所以天气越来越冷。4. 倍数的表示法:公式:A is+倍数+名词+of B A 是 B 的倍A is+倍数 +as 十形容词+as B A 是 B 的倍A is+倍数 +比较级+than B A 比 B 大Your room is twice as big as mine.你的房间是我的两倍。This street is four times the length of that ode.这条街是那条街的四倍长。This bowl is twice bigger than that olle.这个碗比那个碗大两倍。5. 修饰比较级和最高级的副词:修饰比较级:far,a bit,a lot,much,a great deal,rather,any ,little 等;修饰最高级:far,very,second ,next,much,not quite,by no means 等。This room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个房间大一点。I think this is the very best book I have ever read.我认为这是我读过的最好的书了。例题及说明:例 l:New typewriters cost about price of the second-hand ones.(2004)A.three times theB.a three timesC.the three timesD.three times a说明:考查倍数。答案:A。【句子大意】新打字机的价格是二手货的三倍。例 2:l like black coffee very much.The stronger it is,.(2004)A.I like it betterB.the more I likeC.the better I like itD.I like it more说明:考查比较级。答案:C。The more.,the more.越,越。【句子大意】我喜欢不加糖也不加奶油的咖啡,而且越浓越好。三角形是贯穿初中几何的核心内容,四边形与圆中考察的关键性问题通常都是三角形问题;学数学之前啊,还是要先把语文学好。形容词和副词A.形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:冠词+序数词 +基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小 +新旧老少+颜色 +国籍+材料+名词。如:the second five interesting big new red Chinesewall papers.2、形容词比较等级的形式(1)规则形式一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;-est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加 more,most.如:great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the)most important(2)不规则形式good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least(3)形容词比较等级的用法表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.如:He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.表示两者以上的比较,用“the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)“如:He is the cleverest boy in his class.表示两者是同等程度,用“as+形容词原级+as“.如:He is as tall as I.I have as many books as you.越 越例如:The more I learn,the happier I am.You can never be too careful.越小心越好I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。My English is no better than yours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B.副词1、副词的种类(1)时间副词如: ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等(2)地点副词如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside 等。(3)方式副词如:carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervou-sly 等。(4)程度副词如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,very等。2、副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.We must work harder.3、某些副词在用法上的区别(1)already,yet,stillalready 表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet 表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still 表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:Weve already watched that film.I havent finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.(2)too,as well,also,eithertoo,as well 和 also 用于肯定句和疑问句, too 和 as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而 also 多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either 用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too.He didnt go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.(3)hard,hardlyhardly 意为“几乎“与 hard 在词义上完全不同。如:I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.(4)late,latelylately 意为“最近、近来“,late 意为“ 晚、迟“。如:He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lately?例 1 Toms father thinks he is already _A high enough B tall enoughC enough high C enough tall解析:该题正确答案是 B。修饰人高用 tall,而建筑物的高用 high,并且 enough 修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选 B。例 2 _ the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解析:该题正确答案为 B。“the+形容词比较级+,the+形容词比较级+“意为越,越。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。2018 成考高起点语文常考诗词精选2018 年成人高考高起点语文必考诗词精选 ,供大家参考学习,希望广大考生放松心态,从容应对,正常发挥。【文章一:滕王阁序(王勃)】1、物华天宝,龙光射牛斗之墟;人杰地灵,徐孺下陈蕃之榻。 2、十旬休假,胜友如云;千里逢迎,高朋满座。腾蛟起凤,孟学士之词宗;紫电清霜,王将军之武库。 3、潦水尽而寒潭清,烟光凝而暮山紫。4、落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色。渔舟唱晚,响穷彭蠡之滨;雁阵惊寒,声断衡阳之浦。 5、天高地迥,觉宇宙之无穷;兴尽悲来,识盈虚之有数。望长安于日下,目吴会于云间。6、关山难越,谁悲失路之人?萍水相逢,尽是他乡之客。 7、时运不齐,命途多舛,冯唐易老,李广难封。屈贾谊于长沙,非无圣主;窜梁鸿于海曲,岂乏明时?所赖君子见机,达人知命。老当益壮,宁移白首之心?穷且益坚,不坠青云之志。 8、东隅已逝,桑榆非晚。孟尝高洁,空余报国之情;阮籍猖狂,岂效穷途之哭? 9、勃,三尺微命,一介书生。无路请缨,等终军之弱冠;有怀投笔,慕宗悫之长风。 10、杨意不逢,抚凌云而自惜;钟期既遇,奏流水以何惭? 【文章二:谏太宗十思疏(魏征)】 1、求木之长者,必固其根本;欲流之远者,必浚其泉源; 思国之安者,必积其德义。 2、人君当神器之重,居域中之大,不念居安思危,戒奢以俭,斯亦伐根以求木茂,塞源而欲流长也。3、怨不在大,可畏唯人;载舟覆舟,所宜深慎。 4、惧满溢,则思江海下百川。5、简能而任之,择善而从之,则智者尽其谋,勇者竭其力,仁者播其惠,信者效其忠;文武并用,垂拱而治。 【文章三:归去来兮辞(陶渊明)】 1、悟已往之不谏,知来者之可追。实迷途其未远,觉今是而昨非。2、舟遥遥以轻飏,风飘飘而吹衣。问征夫以前路,恨晨光之曦微。3、园日涉以成趣,门虽设而常关。策扶老以流憩,时矫首而遐观。云无心而出岫,鸟倦飞而知还。景翳翳以将入,抚孤松而盘桓。4、木欣欣以向荣,泉涓涓而始流。善万物之得时,感吾生之行休。5、登东皋以舒啸,临清流而赋诗。【文章四:季氏将伐颛臾(论语)】 1、危而不持,颠而不扶,则将焉用彼相矣? 2、虎兕出于柙,龟玉毁于椟中,是谁之过与? 3、不患寡而患不均,不患贫而患不安。4、均无贫,和无寡,安无倾。5、故远人不服,则修文德以来之;既来之,则安之。 6、吾恐季氏之忧,不在颛臾,而在萧墙之内也。【文章五:寡人之于国也(孟子)】 1、填然鼓之,兵刃既接,弃甲曳兵而走。或百步而后止,或五十步而后止。以五十步笑百步,则何如? 2、不违农时,谷不可胜食也。数罟不入洿池,鱼鳖不可胜食也。斧斤以时入山林,材木不可胜用也。3、五亩之宅,树之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。鸡豚狗彘之畜,无失其时,七十者可以食肉矣。百亩之田,勿夺其时,数口之家,可以无饥矣;谨庠序之教,申之以孝悌之义,颁白者不负戴于道路矣。 4、王无罪岁,则天下之民至焉。【文章六:诗经】 1、如切如磋,如琢如磨。(诗经。卫风。湛奥) 2、言者无罪,闻者足戒。(诗经。大序) 3、它山之石,可以攻玉。(诗经。小雅。鹤鸣) 4、投我以桃,报之以李。(诗经。大雅。抑) 5、靡不有初,鲜克有终。(诗经。大雅。荡) 【文章八:病梅馆记(龚自珍) 】 1、有以文人画士孤癖之隐明告鬻梅者,斫其正,养其旁条,删其密,夭其稚枝,锄其直,遏其生气,以求重价,而江浙之梅皆病。文人画士之祸之烈至此哉! 2、予购之三百盆,皆病者,无一完者。既泣之三日,乃誓疗之:纵之顺之,毁其盆,悉埋于地,解其棕缚;以五年为期,必复之全之。- 配套讲稿:
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