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附 录A复杂性科学及其在煤矿安全行为问题研究方面的启示摘要:复杂性科学是一种前沿的系统科学 近年,中国的煤炭工业迅速发展,并为经济的增长作出了重要的贡献。煤矿的安全问题对于煤炭工业的可持续发展来说历来是一个桎梏 。站在一个新的视角来看,煤矿安全问题的研究是一个值得重视的课题。本文把近几年中复杂性科学的发展与其在煤矿安全行为问题研究方面的启示相结合,对其进行了系统的研究。关键词:复杂性科学 ,矿井安全,混乱1复杂性科学的发展复杂性科学的研究对象为复杂的系统或系统的复杂性。不同的学者对于复杂性给出了不同的定义。但却难以给出一个精确的定义。总结各种观点,系统的复杂性主要可以概括为以下几个方面:1 ) 系统各单元之间是一种广泛且紧密的网络式联系。所以,其中任何一个单元的变化都可能影响到其他的单元并引起其他单元的变化。2)系统是包含众多因素的一个多层次,多机能的结构。每一个层次是一个单元,它有助于实现一个特定的机能。3 ) 系统中包含有一个回馈循环。 在发展过程中,系统能不断的学习并改进其层次结构和机能结构。4 ) 系统是开放的,它与外界有密切联系并相互作用。5 ) 系统具有不断演变的自我适应能力。6)它不能用常规的理论与方法来解释。7 )系统的特性曲线是动态与非线性的。8)系统具有跨越水平得特性,例如包含,关联,互相影响和作用。复杂系统存在于我们世界的各个领域:物理系统,生态学系统,社会系统,等等.根据生命现象得的独立单元,智能信息结构,原料销售的起伏 ,社会的进步和衰退,人体的免疫系统,这些系统的共同特征是,在不确定的变化之后会出现一些不确定的秩序。研究复杂性的目的不仅仅是揭示和描述其运转原理,而是要解决如何预测和处理复杂系统中那些以前无法解释和处理的问题。在1984年,在诺贝尔物理学获奖人穆拉伊.耶尔-曼,腓力.安德森,和诺贝尔经济学的获奖人 阿罗的赞助下,集合了一群来自物理学,经济学,生态学原理和计算机科学方面的研究专家,创建了著名的圣菲研究所。他们集中这些领域的人员和思维,去试图揭示复杂系统的主要原理。布鲁塞尔大学在普里果金领导下和尼里克斯合作,撰写了著名的“复杂性研究”一书,并为这一学科打下了坚实的基础。在我国由钱学森提出的开放综合性“庞大系统”的研究和国外复杂性的研究是异曲同工.由钱学森提出的开放综合性“庞大系统”原理,应用定性分析法和定量分析法来讨论这些系统,集中专家小组(来自所有领域的专家),资料和所有的信息通过有机计算,并将各种原理和多种学科的知识有机的结合,这与圣菲研究所的研究方法是一样的。在专业领域,关于复杂性的主要理论学说有:布赖恩.亚瑟将效益递增叫做Owner Gain(拥有者增益)。卓越的科学家例如:马里.热尔曼 , 乔治.科旺和菲力普.安德森也提出相似观点,他们认为学科应该朝着一致性的方向发展,他们也 提出“Agent(作用因素)”和“Emergence(紧急事件)”的观念。约翰.奥朗首创了因子运算 ,系统分类法,推动了神经网络运算的发展,推断出了复杂系统的自我适应性。Chris Longton 建立了人力寿命理论,推动了激励个体理论的发展,并提出复杂引起注意的观念。斐莫将神经网络,固有运算,分类系统模式,自动催化模型和免疫系统模式结合在一起,运用连结机制的思想提出了结点联想模型。丹麦物理学家佩尔.鲍克提出自我组织临界性原理,考夫曼提出了自我组织临界性条件的理论 。由于复杂性的突出表现形式较多,根据上述的原理试图建立新的相关的组织管理理论,解决曾经在传统的管理理论下被认为是难题的问题,目前已经有了一些进展。“复杂性:一个产生于秩序和混乱交界处的学科”从理论角度描述了复杂性系统理论的来源和启动过程。最早出版的学术著作是“复杂性,管理者和组织”和“混乱:诞生的一个新的学科”,在此领域中,后者被认为是非常经典的著作。“在国内的领域:研究自我组织和复杂性原则”表明复杂性学科在经济和组织理论方面有着巨大的重要性。“领导者和新的学科:保证总体的状况良好的组织性研究” 研究量子结构和 综合的理论并将其引入领导者和组织学科。“崩溃的混乱:探索的复杂世界的简单规律”描述了过去在混乱和复杂性中发现的一些简单规律。“机构中的复杂性和创造性”叙述了将新的学科应用到 机构的发展和改革中去。将复杂性学科应用到企业的经营中,这绝对是一门新的学科,因为复杂性学科本身是一个发展中的学科,没有现成的和成熟的理论结构可以应用。但是,复杂性学科所提供的新的思维模式对于企业管理来说真是笔巨大的财富。2 介绍煤矿安全问题的研究形势 目前,在我国的能源消耗结构中煤炭占据了70以上。在将来的3050年间,这种能源消耗结构不会改变。自从我国建国以来,煤炭工业迅速发展并未国家的经济建设做出了重大的贡献。煤炭生产主要受地质与环境的影响。安全是煤炭生产的一条生命线。它是在研究煤矿安全生产问题时,摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。当前我国对于煤矿安全生产问题的研究主要表现在以下几个方面:2.1从技术方面进行研究这方面的研究开始较早并取得了许多成绩,主要包括事故的预防和控制技术,例如瓦斯,煤尘,渗水,煤的自然,等等。在近年间,国有大中型煤矿在安全技术和机械设备上做了重大改善。2.2从心理学方面进行因果分析陈启昌提出人为因素在伤亡事故的发生中起重要作用。易亦勤对于煤矿安全问题的实质,伤亡事故的原因进行了深入的研究,尤其是心里因素和行为因素以及其原因,表现,原理,控制手段。林泽岩经研究发现,无论是国营煤矿,国有煤矿或者私有煤矿,人为因素引起的事故与死亡次数要高于偶然因素引起的事故次数。他认为心里因素例如,人的意识和情绪是使事故发生的主要原因。2.3从系统科学方面进行研究冯兆瑞和崔国章通过因果研究,安全检查表,事件树,事故树和危险性预测,对生产系统中的不安全因素和潜在的危害进行了系统的分析。李金平和李中海将“safety starlight huge system (安全之光庞大系统)”管理方法应用到了煤矿安全管理方面。他认为现今的体制 不再是金字塔式的,他们更趋向于“universe(全域) ”;“Huge System(庞大的系统) ”,这意味着安全管理问题超过了安全的本身。梁秉铎试着将立体经营模式,循环经营模式和螺旋上升式经营模式应用到煤矿安全管理中去。张和平和王管昌将煤矿安全系统工程的理论与方法应用到了对煤矿安全生产的评估中。国外的研究文献和书籍涉及的安全问题较多是来自美国和欧洲,但只很少注意煤矿的安全问题.这是由于石油为主体的能源消耗结构代替了煤炭为主体的能源消耗结构。海因里克根据大量的统计资料对事故进行研究,他注重于强调事故发生的真正原因.行为心理学者(哈登,舍茨,舒奇曼,1961)提出了通过转变劳动者的行为可以减少事故的发生的概念.尼克.纬纱.胡斯特,史蒂芬.扬,伊恩.唐纳德 ,与胡.吉普森洒,通过对欧洲四个国家的六个主要危险地点进行的研究发现,在有重大隐患的工厂或企业,只要有正确的安全态度和良好的PSMS性能,就可以减少事故的发生.T. P. 凯尔与J. A. 麦克德米德提出使用规章制度来保证工人的安全态度的方法.尼尔.米奇森,乔治 .A. 帕帕扎基斯 研究了如何对安全体系进行评价和实施.比吉特 瑞斯姆森纳与库尔特 E. 彼得森创建 了一个适于工厂机能的社会技术系统模型,并运用这一模型为标准来评价安全管理的效果.艾莉森 G 洛登堡在他的研究报告中总结了影响安全管理成果的六项因素。这些因素是管理者的职责,奖励,交流和回馈,选择,顺序和参与。他还分别研究了各个因素减少人身事故的作用程度。N 麦克唐纳 ,S 科里甘 ,C 达 ,S 克鲁密提出了一个自我调整模型用来测试不同的体制如何安全经营。这种模型更注重与人和团体间的相互作用 。格奇提出了TSM概念(完全安全管理)。这个安全管理方法是根据TQM 的 基本原理形成的,并用于指导实践。 它可以表明在目前关于安全研究的原理和方法主要集中于特定的问题,并限于确切的空间 和时间。魏因施泰因认为这些方法强调于技术需求并倾向于短期影响.必须承认,过多的煤矿事故早已成为困扰我国煤炭生产的问题。作者有以下观点:1)无论是在建矿,领导生产还是经营过程中,安全问题已经成为煤矿生产中一个非常重大的事情.2)矿山安全行为系统是一个复杂系统.它的复杂性主要表现在安全行为的复杂性与不确定性;安全行为体系的复杂性,多单元,多功能,多指标;安全行为预测的非线性和不确定性;决定生产与控制;资料的非协调性;安全行为系统的不平衡和混乱;各个因素的相互作用,安全行为系统中的周围环境的相互影响,自我组织,自我适应过程的复杂性,等等.3)行为的复杂性是一个参数,相当于巨大的高维概率空间.其主导特征是行为软件,小风险处理(敏锐 模数 钝化 ),介质尺寸(统计分析不确切的管理行为) 4)在煤矿的不安全行为系统中存在一种反向演变5)对于矿山安全问题的研究来说,根据复杂性系统的研究采取措施也许是一种有用且灵活的方法.3复杂性科学在煤矿安全行为问题研究方面的启示启示一:把握整体.煤矿安全问题是非常复杂的.这意味着它作为一个整体具有相当新的特性,传统方法的思想面临着巨大的挑战。分析这类问题的时候,我们习惯于将它们划分成简单的可分解的要素,分别研究再综合其结果。虽然这种规规矩矩的解析法曾推动了科学技术的进步,但是随着科学技术的发展,这种单独分析的解析方法的局限性越来越明显。当一个问题被分解成各个要素的时候,会造成一些重要因素的丢失。煤矿安全问题是一个重要的生命系统。一旦它被划分,他将会失去原有的意义。因此 ,研究煤矿安全问题必须把握整体模式。 启示二:过多个体的自发的行为将要引起整体规律的集聚,亦即:着重于“合并 ”和自我组织。系统的组织能力或者生成结构出自个体的无意行为则被称作意外事故。在无外部事物的影响下,能引起高级系统和复杂系统内部自动组织的能力被称作自我组织能力。用于观察意外事故和自我组织的方法完全不同于传统的结构和管理体制的组织方法。在这里提供一个新的视角来研究煤矿安全问题:不应该有意的去限制和控制不安全行为,而应该强调灌输自我安全行为意识的步骤和方法。启示三:熟悉安全的行为相关的周围事物,因为它能引起自我组织。如何找到引发安全行为自我组织和意外事故的最好手段:熟悉安全的行为相关的周围事物是最好手段 。普里果金曾经 指出一个系统引起自我组织需要满足三个方面的指标:第一,它应该是一个开放式系统,与外界有能源,物质,和信息和交流。第二:系统应该是动态的和超过平衡的。第三:在系统中存在某个回馈过程使其得到迅速的发展。普里果金指出的第三方面,信息共享机制是必定要发展的,因为系统作为一个整体来说于周围事物是相互依存的。自然现象中的这三项自我组织前题,为煤矿安全问题中的安全行为自我组织提供了重要的启示。一个具有安全行为自我组织能力的煤矿具备 以下特性 :1)员工有高度的自觉性;2)由下至上确立安全指标;3)新的安全观念和手段层出不穷。4)适当的反馈作用可以改变复杂的周围环境。启示四:确认能够产生安全行为凝聚。相关的外界介质如何引起安全行为自我组织?按照普里果金的研究,这取决于微观的水平的起伏。亦即:微观层次方面,员工的安全行为的扰乱过程 ,由于个人行为引起安全行为自我组织和意外事故的活动并决定了整体水平方面整个煤矿的运转 方向。启示五:整体和部分的联合演变。个体是如何改变集体的?安全问题的每个部分与其他部分之间都会相互影响,相互作用,它将引起安全系统中所有部分的联合演变。启示六:安全行为系统是逐渐形成展开的,形成过程的本身也是逐渐的,演变本身(煤矿安全系统的循环流程和规律)也是逐渐形成的。规律是变化的,所以我们也可以改变它们。启示七:在领导煤矿生产中发现问题并建立安全行为系统。耗散结构的理论表明要预测综合安全系统或构造的演变结果几乎是不可能的。混沌理论指出在非线性系统中,在初始状态一瞬间 不会引起极端明显的结果。由这两方面判断,要预测复杂的安全问题是不可能的。最好的预防方法是创造 。一旦非预期的问题出现的时候,应该立即做出决策,因为规律本身不会重复。所以,管理者必须注意根据事故来转换模式:从不预测结果,而是领导建立煤矿安全行为系统。到目前为止 ,复杂性系统仍然不是一个精确的科学理论,但它是一各综合的概念 .这个概念以提前应用到了具有强大计算能力的计算机技术的研究,逻辑推理和原理应用当中,也许会发现一些简单规律中的一些动态模型,并设法找到各简单并零散的元素间的交互作用的一致性和目的性的整体变化.总之,它为我们研究煤矿安全问题提供了一个新的平台.表1给出了一些复杂系统理论在煤矿安全问题方面的潜在作用:表 1 复杂系统理论的潜在用途原理推论实际应用地形适应性从整体中选择区域 寻找安全行为的展开策略 地形适应性共同发展的演变认识到安全行为反馈循环和各个水平之间相互作用与联系的存在。吸引物消极行为遵循某一特定模式建立安全行为模式比改变现状更重要。模拟 锻炼“干扰 ”能够提高 创造性 根据干扰 ,新的意见或者外界观点找出安全问题的主要因素 。模拟 锻炼管理的混乱与无序某种混乱(干扰 )有益于 控制器 全体安全行为,数据流或者信息 的选择。单元将整体划分为独立的行为单元将安全系统体制划分为相互关联的单元。T字形理论过多的数据流将会阻塞通道在同一周期企业的行为改变是受到限制的 效益递增知识经济完全不同于传统经济利用任何潜在的机会提高对企业或社会的安全生态系统的影响。初值灵敏度预测是不可能的领导建立安全行为系统参考文献1徐征权.组织信息和复杂性科学.学科和管理,2003,1:16-192宋雪峰.关于管理的复杂性的研究与发展.科学管理,2000,10:56-583陈思维.复杂性科学和系统工程,管理学学报,1999, 2(2):1-74宋雪峰.系统复杂性的检测方法.In :关于管理的复杂性发展的第一次全国会议,2001.64-735约翰 N 沃菲尔德.发散思维:说明工作效率低的团体.系统研究,1995,12(1):5-146陈启昌.安全生产和心理状态.重庆:重庆出版社,19857易亦勤.煤矿安全问题的心理学研究.北京:中国煤炭工业出版社,19928林泽炎.人为事故预防学M.黑龙江教育出版社,1998,12-15.9冯兆瑞,崔国章.安全系统工程.北京:金属冶炼工业出版社,198710李金平,李海中.煤矿安全管理方法新的探索.煤炭,2000,9(5):12-1611梁秉铎.煤矿安全管理工程问题的探索.矿山安全和环境保护,1998,5:30-3412张和平,王管昌.煤矿安全评价系统在安全管理中的应用.煤矿安全,2001,7:61-6213尼克W. 胡斯特,史蒂芬扬,等.六个主要危险中心的安全管理手段的实施和状态.过程中的耗损指标,1996,9(2):161-17214T P 凯尔 ,J A 麦克德米德 .维护安全状况的系统研究法 .可靠性技术和系统安全性 2001,71:271-28415尼尔 米奇森 ,乔治 A. 帕帕扎基斯 ,SevesoII下的安全管理系统 :实施和评价.制造业防损期刊 ,1999,12:43-51 16比吉特 瑞斯姆森纳,库尔特 E. 彼得森.设置函数模型作为评定安全管理设备的基础 .可靠性技术与系统安全性 ,1999,64:201-20717艾莉森 G 洛登堡 .安全机构:那种管理能够减少事故.安全研究学报 ,2002,33:259-27618N 麦克唐纳 ,S 科里甘 ,C 达 ,S 克鲁密 .航空维护机构的安全管理系统和安全培养 .安全科19格奇 D L. 技术员,工程师和管理员的职业安全和健康 , 新泽西州 :普伦蒂塞学院 ,199920魏因施泰因 MH. 通过总体品质改进安全规划 .职业性危害 ,1996,58(8):76-85附 录BScience of Complexity and Its Revelation on Study of Coal MineSafety Behavior ProblemsCHEN Hong(School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China)Abstract: Complexity science is the foreland of system science. In recent years, coal industry has got rapid development in China,and does important contribution to economy growth. The problem of mine safety has always been a shackle to the sustainable development of coal enterprises. It is a significant task to study mine safety problem from a new angle of view. This paper has a systematic thought combined with the development of complexity science in recent years, and forms some revelations on the study of coal safety problems.Keywords: science of complexity; coal mine safety; chaos1 Development of Complexity ScienceThe science of complexity takes complex system or the complexity of system as its study objects. Different scholars give different definitions to complexity. It is difficult to give an exact definition. Combined with some points of view, the complexity of system can be mainly embodied in the following aspects: 1) The connections between cells of system are wide and tight with network. Therefore, the change of any cell will be affected by the changes of other cells, and will cause changes of other cells. 2) System consists of many agents with a multi-level and multi-function structure. Every level is the cell of upper level, and is helpful to the realization of a certain function. 3) System consists of feedback annulus. In the process of development, system can learn continuously and have a recompose of its level structure and function structure. 4) System is open to environment; it has a close relationship with environment, and has an interaction with environment. 5) System is an evolvement system with self-adapting ability. 6) It cannot be explained with traditional theory and method. 7) System has the characteristics of dynamic and non-linearity. 8) System has the character of span level, such as embedded, interlinked, inter influenced and affected.Complex system exists in all fields of our world: physics system, biology system, human society system,etc. From the life phenomenon of a single cell, structure of the brain and intelligence, ups and dow ns in the stock market, to rise and decline of the society, immunity system of the human body, the common character of these systems is that behind uncertain changes, there comes out some uncertain orders. The aim of complexity study is not only to reveal and describe the locomotion principles, but also to solve the problem of forecasting and controlling of the complex system that seems unsolvable and cannot be handled before 1-5.In 1984, with the support of Nobel Physics Prize winner Murray Gell-mann, Philip Anderson, and Nobel Economics Prize winner Arrow, assembling a group of research experts from the fields of physics, economics,theory biology and computing science, the most famous Santa Fe Graduate School was established. They tried to reveal the general principles dominating the complex system by gathering personnel and thoughts of these fields. Brussels College under the leadership of Prigogine and coauthored with Nilicos, wrote the famous book “Exploration of Complexity”, and set a strong foundation to this science. The study of opening complex “huge system” in our country represented by Qian Xuesen is different in approach but equally satisfactory in result with study of complexity system abroad. The concept of opening complex “huge system” abstracted by Qian Xuesen, the synthetic integration methods of qualitative and quantitative methods to deal with these systems, to combine expert group (experts from all fields), data and all information with the computing technology organically, and to combine theories and knowledge of various subject together organically, have the same study methods with Santa Fe Graduate School.In specific field, the main theory contributions on complexity are as follows:Reward Increase by Degrees, is also called Owner Gain, by Brian Arthur. Outstanding scientists such as Marry Gellman, George Cowan, and Philip Anderson also put forward the thought of subject conformity, they think that subject should be in the direction of development from revert to unity, they also put forward the concepts of “Agent” and “Emergence”. John Holland initiates gene arithmetic, sorter system, impels the development of nerve network arithmetic, deduces the characters of complex self-adapting system. Chris Longton sets up the manpower life theory, impels the development of cell motivator theory, and puts forward the concept of complex attractor. Fammer unites nerve network, inheritance arithmetic, classifying system model, auto-catalyze model and immunity system model together as node-associate model by the thought of connectionist. Denmark born physics Per Bak puts forward the concept of self-organization criticality.Kauffman puts forward the theory of self-organization criticality conditions.As the most protruding manifestation of complexity, organization management theory is trying to set up new relative theory on the basis of theories above to solve problems regarded as puzzles and dilemma under traditional management theory, there are already some progress at present. “Complexity: a Science Born at the Edge of Order and Chaos” describes the origin and starting process of complex system theory from the angle of theory founder. The earliest academically published books are “Complexity, Supervisor and Organization” and “Chaos: Naissance of a New Science”,the latter is considered the most classical works in this realm. “At the Home of Universe: Study on Principles of Self-organization and Complexity” demonstrates the great significance of complexity science in the field of economy and organization theory. “Leadership and New Science: Organizational Study of the Universe in Order” studies the quanta structure and complex theory and introduces them to leadership and organization science. “Collapse of Chaos: Exploring the Simple Laws of Complex world ” describes some simple laws in the history of finding chaos and complexity. “Complexity and Creativity in Organizations” narrates how to apply new science to the development and transformation of organizations. It is an absolutely new subject to apply complexity science to the management of organizations, because complexity science itself is a science in the process of formation, with no existing and ripe theory structure to be applied for. But the new model of thinking and metaphor that complexity science supplies for organization management is really a great wealth.2 Present Research Situation of Coal Mine Safety ProblemsAt present, coal occupies over 70% in energy consuming construction in our country. This kind of energy consuming structure will not change in 30-50 years in the future. Since the foundation of our country, coal industry has got rapid development and has done a major contribution to the national economy. Coal production greatly influenced by geology and environment. Safety is a Life Line of coal production. It is a significant subject in front of us to study safety problems in coal production.The current research on safety problems of coal production in our country mainly lies in the following aspects:2.1 Research from Aspect of TechniqueThe research of this aspect starts early and has many achievements, involving primarily the technological prevention and controlling of disasters such as gas, coal dust, water leakage, coal self-burning, etc. In recent years, the state-owned large and medium-sized mine enterprises have got substantial improvement in the aspects of safety techniques and equipments.2.2 Cause and Effect Analysis from Aspect of PsychologyChen Qichang thought that contrived factors had important function in the occurrence of casualty accidents6. Yi Yiqin connected with the reality of mine safety problems, probed into the causes of casualty accidents, especially the factors of psychology and behavior, and their causations, representations, principles,and controlling measures7. Lin Zeyan found in his research that no matter in state-allocated mines, state-owned local mines, or village-owned(including individual) mines, the accident number and death number resulted from factitious adventure are higher than that of accidents by chance8. He thought psychological factors such as peoples consciousness and emotion are the main reasons for the cause of accidents.2.3 From Aspect of Systematic ScienceFeng Zhaorui and Cui Guozhang had a systematic analysis on the unsafe factors in the production system and their possible damages to the system by means of cause and effect analysis, safety check table, incident tree,accident tree, and fatalness pre-analysis9. Li Jinping and Li Zhonghai applied “safety starlight huge system”management method into mine production safety management10. He thought that nowadays organizations are no longer like pyramids, instead, they tend more like “universe”. “Huge System” means to manage safety problems beyond safety itself. Liang Bingduo tried to apply stereoscopic mode of management, circumvolve type of circulating management, and spiral ascension type of management into coal safety management11.Zhang Heping and Wang Guanchang applied the theory and method of mine safety system project into the evaluation of safe production in coal mines12.The abroad research literatures and books concerning safety problem are more from America and Europe,but little aims at safety problem in coal mine directly. This is due to the petrolem-dominated energy consuming structure instead of coal-dominated energy consuming structure.Heinrich (1881-1962) studied accidents on the foundation of a great deal of statistic data, and emphasized on the real causes of accidents. Behavior psychologists (Haddon, Scherzer, & Suchman, 1961) put forward the idea that accidents can be reduced by changing workers behaviors. Nick W.Hurst,Stephen Young,Ian Donald ,and Hu Gibson, by research on the six major hazard sites in four countries of Europe, they found that right attitude to safety and favorable PSMS performance can reduce accidents happening on site or enterprises with great hidden risks13. T.P. Kelly and J.A. McDermid put forward the method to keep safety state by system measures14.Neil Mitchison,Georgios A.Papadakis research how to appraise and perform the safty system15.Birgitte Rasmussena and Kurt E. Petersenb established a society technology system model for factory functions, and used this model as bases to evaluate the effect of safety management16. Alison G. Vredenburgh summed up six factors that would affect successful safety management in his research report. These factors are managers responsibility, encouragement, communication and feedback, selection, training and participation. He also respectively studied the influence degree of each factors to reduce personal damage17. N. McDonald , S.Corrigan, C. Daly and S. Cromie put forward a self-regulation model to test different organizations how to manage safety. This model stresses espacially on interactions between human and organizations18. Goetsch put forward the idea of TSM(total safety management). This is a safety management method formed from the basicpriciple of TQM and used as a guide to practice19.It can be seen that research theories and methods on safety are mainly focused on specific problems at present, and they are limited to the validity of space and time. Weinstein thinks these methods emphasize on technology requirement and prefer short-term effect20. It is necessary to recognize the problem of excessive coal accidents that has puzzled coal production in our country for a long time. The writer has the following standpoints:1) Safety problem has been a fatal thing for organizing, decision-making and operating of safe coal production.2) Mine safety behavior system is a complex system. Its complexity mainly lies in complexity and uncertainty of safety behavior environment; complexity of safety organization behavior of multiplayer,multi-cell, multifunction, and multi-target; non-linearity and uncertainty of safety behavior prediction,decision-making and controlling; non-symmetry of information; non-balance and chaos of safety behavior system; interaction of all factors, and complexity of the process of interaction with complex environment and self-organization and self-adaptation of safety behavior system, etc.3) Behavior complexity is a property, corresponding with great high-dimension probability space. The dominant characteristics are soft behavior, small risk process (acumen modulus passivation ), medium-sized range (statistic contiguity of uncertain management behavior).4) There is reverse direction evolvement in unsafe behavior system.5) Management countermeasures based on complex system analysis may be a valuable supplement to research of mine safety problems3 Revelation of Complexity Science on Study of Coal Mine Safety Behavior ProblemsThe first revelation is: hold the whole. The safet
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