5000td印染废水处理工程设计【含CAD图纸+文档】
压缩包内含有CAD图纸和说明书,均可直接下载获得文件,所见所得,电脑查看更方便。Q 197216396 或 11970985
印染废水深度处理技术及回用的现状和发展毛艳梅 奚旦立 杨晓波(东华大学环境科学与工程学院上海20051)【摘 要】 根据印染废水深度处理及回用的现状,介绍了若干深度处理方案,并对其祝缺点进行了评述;再从环境效益和经济效益双赢的目标出发,提出重视推广综合治理、不断优化回用方案、继续开发膜集成技术是印染废水回用的研究发展方向。关键词 印染废水;深度处理;回用;膜技术中图分类号Tu992.30 前言印染废水一直以排放量大、处理难度高成为废水治理工艺研究的重点。特别由于近年来化纤织物的发展和印染后整理技术的进步,使PvA浆料、新型助剂等难生化降解有机物大量进人印染废水,更是给处理增加了难度;原有的生物处理系统大都由原来的70%COD去除率下降到50%左右,甚至更低。由于水资源的日渐短缺和污染严重,印染行业的废水处理引起政府的高度重视。我国印染废水处理普遍采用物化处理+生化处理工艺,但处理效果并不十分稳定,一般很难达到一级排放标准。为了能够使废水达标排放,人们在不同工艺单元的组合、新工艺的开发和参数优化方面都进行了广泛的研究,取得了不少进展,为实现印染废水深度处理和回用奠定了基础。1 印染废水回用处理技术的现状一直以来由于印染废水本身难处理的特性,人们对印染废水深度处理回用方面没有引起足够的重视。加人WTO后,随着我国纺织印染行业的势头逐步看好,纺织印染行业用水的需求量不断增大,而供给量却相对减少;随着排放标准的日趋严格和水费的不断上涨,人们将目光投向印染废水深度处理和回用上。由于印染工艺本身的复杂性和工艺用水水质要求的差异,目前国家对印染废水的回用水质标准还没有统一的数据。近年来人们对印染废水深度处理的工艺从技术和经济的可行性上都进行了大量探索、分析和实践,取得了可喜的环境效益和经济效益。目前出现的印染废水深度处理组合方案主要有以下几种:1.1 印染废水。生化出水*混凝*气浮。砂滤*活性炭吸附*回用该方 案 完 全是物化技术的组合,何文杰等用此方案深度处理某毛纺厂经生物接触氧化法处理后的出水(水质变化见表1)。经接触氧化池的出水已经能够达标排放,但废水中残留的染料通常以胶体状态存在,该方案能够较有针对性地去除胶体物质,使出水达到回用要求。Giovanni的研究也得出了相似的结论。表1 水质变化表 测定项目生物接触氧化出水气浮活性碳吸附总去除效(%)回用要求COD(mg/L)884416.581.3-BOD(mg/L)14.710.89.334-色度713198.65-10碳度-21.1-4PH6.56.56.5-6.5-8分别用气浮后和吸附后的两种出水作为回用水进行染布试验。实验结果表明用回用水染布已达到一级品出厂标准。经回用后,该毛纺厂每年节约新鲜水36万m3,节约资金2400万元。该方案操作流程简便,适用于目前印染废水已经达标排放的企业。1.2 废水处理站出水*生物陶粒一臭氧脱色升双层滤料过滤。阳离子交换树脂软化。出水该方案是较为典型的各种处理方法的组合,充分发挥各组合单元的优势。李武全等用此方案对北京第二毛纺织厂的印染废水(加人部分生活污水混合)的二沉池出水进行深度处理(处理效果见表2),并研究了各单元不同的组合顺序对水质处理效果的影响。实验发现臭氧出水中的剩余臭氧可能会破坏交换树脂结构,使其失去交换能力。因此在工程中需要增加清水池待臭氧分解完毕后再进入交换树脂。回用实验表明其工艺出水可以回用于洗毛和染色。该方案提示我们在进行不同处理方法组合时不仅要看到其优势的方面,也要注意其相互制约、乃至有所破坏的方面,避免不利因素的影响。1.3 印染废水。混凝沉淀*内循环厌氧-HCR/生物活性炭一接触氧化。纤维球过滤贾洪 斌 等 采用了比较新型的生物复合处理工艺,即将HCR法与生物活性炭法相结合,使反应器中氧利用率提高、抗冲击负荷能力增强,有效解决了传统好氧生物处理的不足之处。该工艺占地面积较小,且纤维球具有过滤速度快、效果好的优点,使废水能稳定达到回用要求(水质变化见表3)。回用水经回用生产性实验,发现水洗后的布样色光、深度与自来水洗后的一致,说明采用回用水皂洗是可行的。该工艺对于目前采用传统好氧工艺处理效果不理想的印染企业,在工艺改进方面是一个很好的参考。1.4 二级处理厂出水*电化学处理、化学絮凝。离子交换一争回用电化学法,结合化学絮凝和离子交换法对印染废水进行深度处理研究。实验表明添加少量的H202(约200mg/L)在电解池中可使电化学处理效率提高一倍。该方案的优点是出水水质好,可以回用到印染所有工序中(见表4);不足之处在于实验发现pH为3时电化学效果最好,因此在进行电化学处理前要调pH值,另外该方案对离子交换树脂的依赖性较大(为了降低铁离子浓度和电导率),因此离子再生频率升高不可避免。1.5 印染废水一调pH【加酸)叶铁碳过滤升中和(加碱)-SBR-回用铁碳 过 滤 系统是用废铁屑(主要成分是铁和碳)经预处理和活化后作为填料,其工作原理是电化学反应的氧化还原、铁屑对絮体的电附集和对反应的催化作用、电池反应产物的混凝、新生絮体的吸附和床层的过滤等作用的综合效应。林金画采用该方案对印染废水进行处理,出水达到一级排放标(GB4287-92)(见表5)。出水回用于漂染的漂洗生产工序,8年来系统未出现过堵塞现象。该工艺优点是以废治废,运行稳定;不足之处是pH必须来回调节。1.6 二沉池出水斗一级砂滤-C102氧化什二级过滤。活性炭。回用虞承 伟 对 印染厂经二级处理后的出水采用C102氧化,对废水色度、COD的去除效果进行了研究(见表6)。实验结果表明:浓度为40m妙 C102对紫色等13种颜色的印染排放废水进行30min的氧化反应,出水基本满足了印染废水的回用要求;再用活性炭对C102氧化出水进行后处理去除余氯,进一步提高回用水质,扩大回用水的应用范围。该工艺操作简便,特别在色度去除上效果较好,值得进一步研究和推广。2 印染废水回用的发展方向2.1重视推广综合治理企业在选 择印染废水的深度处理工艺时,应本着清洁生产的理念,结合自身情况,从源头预防开始,尽量以废治废、综合治理,进一步削减和降低污染物的排放。是伟元对印染废水进行综合治理,包括改进生产工艺设计、设备的选型、筛选染化药剂、残浆残液的集中处理、冷凝水基本回用,用锅炉水膜除尘作预处理,部分水经三级处理直接回用等等。马志毅和胡颖华都用印染废水与烟道气及粉煤灰接触,既满足了除尘的目的,又节约了新鲜水用量,同时提高了印染废水的处理效果。胡颖华还将处理后的废水回用于染色和印花,与自来水相比色牢度基本无差别。2.2不断优化回用方案回用方案的优化既包括水质优化,也包括水量优化。水质优化即不同工艺单元的有效组合或是不同处理技术的集成,都是为了扬长避短,使水质达到回用要求。由于回用水质要求差异较大,废水回用方式有两种,一是回用水全部按照需求最严格的水质要求处理,二是先按照水量要求最大的水质要求处理,个别有更高要求的小水量水再进行适当的补充处理。水量优化即企业应根据自身情况选择一种较为经济的回用方式。实践证明,上述多种组合方案处理后的回用水用于水质要求相对较低、且用水量较大的杂用水,部分冷却水及印染前工序用水(如退浆、煮练、氧漂、丝光等)都是完全可行的。若要用于水质要求较高的后工序(如打底、皂洗等),就要保证更加严格的深度处理,并可考虑将新鲜水与回用水定量配比混合使用。2.3 继续开发膜集成技术随着技术的进步,膜分离技术的不断开发是未来废水深度处理的重要方向。越来越多的研究表明将不同的膜分离技术(如微滤、超滤、纳滤等)相结合或是膜分离技术与其它技术(如催化氧化技术、电化学法等)相结合是印染废水深度处理的一个研究方向。目前正在优化和应用的集成技术有MFIUF/RO集成系统、膜生物反应器(MBR)+RO,抗污染反渗透复合膜等,另外还有离子交换、紫外线消毒等方法集成需要进一步开发和研究。杜启云等用膜集成技术处理鄂尔多斯羊绒集团公司废水。该系统用水膜除尘技术使废水脱脂、脱色,超滤除菌除浊、反渗透脱盐等过程使热电厂烟道气达标排放,工业废水得到深度处理,变成软水供热电厂和生产车间回用。该系统日处理生产废水1500m,水回收率70%用混凝一陶瓷膜一纳滤膜技术对印染废水的二次出水进行处理。试验发现:用聚合铝作为混凝剂可防止废水中的悬浮固体和胶体颗粒对陶瓷膜的污染,使陶瓷膜的化学清洗周期延长为一周一次;陶瓷膜保护纳滤膜,可不添加任何化学物也能连续运行。研究结果表明水质完全符合回用标准。有资料报道,美国棉花公司用Fenton试剂一UF/NF技术处理活性染料印染废水,废水经Fenton试剂氧化脱色,再经OF/NF分别得到浓缩液和淡水,试验表明淡水用于漂白、染色、淋洗等,对织物的色泽和质量无任何不利影响;用浓缩液染色还需进一步研究。3 结论若要切实达到经济效益和环境效益双赢的目的,企业必须同等重视印染废水的污染预防和治理,并在保证产品质量不受影响的前提下努力做到废水深度处理回用以及废物料的回收再利用,这样既节约水资源和原料,又能有效减轻印染废水对环境的污染。因此得出以下结论:3.1随着环境保护力度的加大,印染企业应该越来越重视清洁生产。低污染和环保原料的使用以及生产工艺的改进可以减少废水及有毒有害污染物的产生,从而降低印染废水处理与深度处理的难度,有利于印染废水的回用。3.2 目前印染废水的回用主要是以达标排放为前提,因此在继续开发和研究新的低成本的深度处理技术的同时,一方面要研究不同深度处理技术的集成;另一方面要将传统工艺与新技术相结合进行工艺改进和优化,使工艺和技术更加成熟,这样既提高处理效果,又降低处理成本,是今后印染废水回用技术的研究发展方向。参考文献:1.张济郑 印染废水治理和绿色加工田.印染,1999,(7):44-482.戴日成,张统,郭茜等.印染废水水质特征及处理技术综述田.给水排水,2000,26(10):333.国家环保总局科技标准司.印染废水污染防治技术指南四.北京:中国环境科学出版社,20024.化学工业出版社.水处理工程典型设计实例卿.北京:化学工业出版社,20015.雷乐成,杨岳平,汪大晕等.污水回用新技术及工程设计呵.北京:化学工业出版社,20026.何文杰 ,韩宏大.洗染废水处理回用研究田.中国给水排水,1994,10(3):45-477.Giovan niBergna,RobertoB ianchian dF rancescaM e.g:ei.G ACa dsorptiono fo zonatedsecondary textile effluentsfo rin dustrialw aterre use.Wat.Sci.Tech.1999,40(4-5):435-4428.李武全,王占生.北京第二纺织厂染色废水回用处理工艺的试验研究田.净水技术,1993,46(4):20259.贾洪斌 ,王力民,毛江东等.印染废水深度治理及回用技术田.印染,2003,(4):23-2510. Kim Tak-Hyun,etal .Pilotsc aletr eatmento fte xtilew astewaterb yc ombinedp rocess(fluidizedbiofilm process-chemicalco agulation-electrochemicalo xidation)J .Wat.Res.,2002,36:3979-398811. 曹曼 .铁屑固定床及其在废水中处理的运用U.上海环境科学,1994,(2):43-4412.祁梦兰 .铁屑微电解法处理经编厂染色废水田.环境保护,1993,(7):14-1613. 林金画 .印染废水治理技术田.环境工程,2001,19(3):222314.虞承伟 .印染废水回用研究U.华北地质矿产杂志,1996,11(2):26326615. 是伟元 .印染废水综合治理的实践田.染整技术,1999,21(3):313416. 马志毅 ,董建国,李晋生.印染废水回用与处理一例田.给水排水,1995,(11):2417. 胡颖 华 ,施介宽,汪永辉等.印染行业水气联合治理研究U-纺织导报,2001,(6) :535618.周形.污 水回用决策与技术M.北京:化学工业出版社,200219. 英 P. 希利斯著浏广立等译.膜技术在水和废水处理中的应用四.北京:化学工业出版社,200320. 张玉忠 ,郑领英.液体分离膜技术及应用M.北京:化学工业出版社,200421. 翟建文 集成膜过程污水深度处理工艺田.膜科学与技术,2003,23(4):256- 2 6022. 张林生 .水的深度处理与回用技术M.北京:化学工业出版社,200423. 杜启云 ,李然,戴海平等.膜集成技术处理鄂尔多斯羊绒集团生产废水中试研究田.膜科学与技术,2002,22(6):343724 .A. R ozzi,M.A ntonellia ndM .A rcari.M embranet reatmento fs econdary textilee ffluentsfo rd irectreuse.J .Wat.Sci.Tech.1999,40(4-5):409-41625. 印染污水中水和盐的再利用田.印染,1997,23(10):45Present situation and development that the technique reached back use are handle to the printing and dyeing liquid waste depth Xi Danli Mao Yanmei is Yang Xiaobo (Eastern China university environmental science together with project academy Shanghai 20051 ) 【Abstract 】 On the basis of the printing and dyeing liquid waste depth handle reaches back the present situation of use ,Introduce several depth handle schemes ,moreover to such wishes that the defect has been underway the commentary ; twin target departs triumphhing again through environment beneficial result and the economic results ,Propose to value spreaing the comprehensive regulation 、continuously optimizing back employs the scheme 、the integrated technique of membrane is opened up in the contiuation is that printing and dyeing liquid waste gos back the use research development orientation 。 keyword printing and dyeing liquid waste ; The depth handle ; Going back use ; Membrane technique middle figure class number Tu992.3 0 ForewordPrint to dye the waste water has been toing exhaust to have great capacity, handles the difficulty the high becoming the point that waste water manage craft research.Special because of turning the development of the thing of with print to tidy up the technical advance after dying in recent years, making the syrup of PvA anticipated, new help an etc. difficult living to turn to decline to solve organic matter large quantity enter the person prints to dye the waste water, also give to handles to increase the difficulty; the original living creature handles the system be done away with by original 70% COD mostly the rate descends to 50% , even much lower.Because the resources of water is missing gradually with contaminative serious, print the liquid waste processing that dye the profession cause the governmental valuing highly.The our country prints to dye the widespread adoption in liquid waste processing thing turns to handle+ living to turn to handle craft, but handle result and not quite stability, can hardly attain generally a class exhaustion standard.For enabling the waste water amount to the mark exhausts, people all proceeded the extensive research in the aspects of the development of the combination, new craft of the different craft unit ising excellent to turn with the parameter, making not a few progresses, for realizes to print to dye the waste water treatment.1. Print to dye the waste water return to technical present condition in reason in useAlways since then because of printing to dye the waste water oneself the difficult processed characteristic, people to print to dye the waste water depth handles back to did not cause to value enoughly with the aspect.After adding the person the WTO, along with the our country spin and weave to print the power head that dye the profession think to be good gradually, spinning and weave to print to dye the profession use the aqueous demand to enlarge continuously, but supply the however opposite decrease in deal; along with the exhaustion standard is a strict soaring with water rate continuously gradually, people throw the vision to print to dye the waste water depth handles with return to use the top.Because printing the complexity that dye the craft oneself to use the difference that water fluid matter request with the craft, current nation to print to dye the waste water return to return to have no the united data with the fluid matter standard.In recent years people to print the craft that dye the waste water depth handles to proceeded with economic possibility top all from the technique large quantity investigates, analysis with practice, obtain can pleased environment performance with economic performance.Appear now of printing and dying the waste water depth handles the combination project has primarily below several kinds:1.1 Print to dye the waste water.Living to turn a water .Sand the live adsorbs returns to use should the square case over and all is a water that thing turn the technical combination, why text hero etc. handles with this project depth some hair factory after living creature contact oxidize method handles.( fluid matter variety see the table 1)Wasing oxidized by contact a water of the pond has caned reach the mark exhausts, but the dyestuff remained in the waste water usually exsits with the gum appearance, that project can than aim at the sex ground do away with the gum material, using the water attain back to use the request.The Giovanni research also gets alike conclusion. Use the spirit to return after floating behind with two kinds of a waters conduct and actions that adsorb to proceed to dye cloth to experiment with the water respectively.The experiment result express to use back to dye cloth with the water already to a class article a factory standard.After return to use year of the hairs spins factory economizes the fresh water 24 economy funds 2400 ten thousand dollars.That project operation process is simple being applicable to print to dye the waste water to have reached the business enterprise that mark exhaust now.1.2 The liquid waste processing stands a water living creature grain a the ozone takes off the color rises a layer anticipates the percolation.The cation commutation resin softens.A water that project is advantage that more typical and every kind of combination that handles method, develop each combination unit well.Lees is identically equal to use this project to Peking the second hair textile mill prints to dye the waste water( add the living dirty water of part of person mixs with) of two sink the pond a water proceed the depth handles( handle the result see the table 2), and studies the different combination in each unit sequence to handles to the fluid matter the influence of the result.The experiment discovers the ozone an aquatic surplus ozone may break the commutation resin construction, making its lose the commutation ability.Therefore at need to increase in the engineering the clear water pond need the ozone resolves to complete behind again enter the commutation resin.Returning to express with the experiment its craft a water cans return to used for washing the hair with dye.That project hints us in the aspects of proceeding differently handling method combination hour not only seeing its advantage of, also noticing its make mutually roughly, is to have the destructive aspect, avoid the influence of the disadvantageous factor.1.3 Print to dye the waste water.The precipitates the inside circulate live in oxygenliving creature in a the contact oxidizes.The fiber ball filters Jiabinhing etc. Adopted the new living creature reunites to handle craft, will soon the method of HCR combine together with live the method of in living creature, making reactor inside the oxygen utilization increases, the anti- pounds at the burthen ability strengthens, solving effectively the not enough place that traditional good oxygen living creature handles.That craft covers the area smaller, and the fiber ball has the percolation speed quick, advantage that result like, can make waste water stabilized to attain back to use the request.( fluid matter variety see the table 3)Return to use the water after return to experiment with the production, discover cloth kind color light, depth that water wash in accordance with the running water wash behind of, explain it is viable that adoption return to wash with the soap of water.That craft prints traditional good oxygen in current adoption craft handles result not very much to dye the business enterprise, ising an in the aspects of craft improving good consulting.1.4 It is second class to handles factory a water the electricity chemistry handles, chemistry .Ion exchange a the return to use to give or get an electric shock the chemistry method with the Tak- H yun, combination chemistry with ion exchange method to print to dye the waste water proceed the depth handles research.The experiment express to increase a little amount H202( roughly 200 mgs/ L) to can make give or get an electric shock in electrolysis pond the chemistry handles the efficiency increases a times.The advantage of that project is a dependence that a water fluid matter is good, can return to use to print to dye all works preface inside( see the table 4); not enough be placed in to discovers pH as 3 hours electricity chemistry result in the experiment best, therefore at proceed to give or get an electric shock the chemistry before handling want to adjust the pH value, another that project is bigger( for lowering the iron ion density with electric conductivity rate) to ion exchange resin, the reborn frequency in for this reason ion go up and cant avoid.1.5 Print to dye the waste water on adjusting thePH (adds sour) leaf the iron carbon filters to rise to moderate( add the alkali)- SBR- return to use the carbon of iron to is a , new-born of that the catalyst function, battery that the electricity to uses the scrap iron scraps( the main composition is an iron with the carbon) after prepares to handle with activate be used as the filler, its work principle is give or get an electric shock chemical reaction oxidizes to restore, the scraps of iron to of attaches to gather with respond the outcome to the reaction adsorb over the system of to synthesize the effect with percolation etc. function of the bed layer.Wood the gold painting adopts that project to print to dye the waste water proceeds to handle, a water attains a the class exhausts the mark( GB4287-92).( see the table 5)That a water return to to used for the to dye to wash the production work preface,8 in the last years systems have never appeared to stop the phenomenon.The crafts advantage toes discard to cure to discard, circulating the stability; the not enough place is a pH and must regulate back and forth.1.6 Two sink the pond a water a the class sand - c102 oxidizes the second class percolation in what .Live return to accept the with the worry to print to dye the factory was oxidized by second class a water adoption c102 handling behind away with to the waste water color degree the result proceeded the research . ( see the table 6)Experiment result enunciation: the density is a wonderful C102 to wait to the purple color 13 kinds of colors prints to dye to exhaust the waste water proceeds a 30 mins oxidizing the reaction, a water is basic to satisfied to print to dye the waste water of returning and using request; use again the live to oxidize to the C102 a the water handles to do away with the remaining after proceeding, further increases back to use the fluid matter, extend back to use the aqueous application.That craft the operation is simple, specially the result is better in color degree doing away with, deserving further research with expand.2 Print the waste water that dye the development direction return to use2.1 value the expansion synthesize to manageBusiness enterprise at choose to choosethe depth that print dyes the waste water to handle Craft be in the light of the principle that sweep the production oneself circumstance from a prevention discard to cure to discard to manage to the best reduction with lower the pollutant exhausts.Is a the dollar of great to print to dye the waste water proceed to synthesize to manage the improvement produce the technological design equipments of choose the type, sieving dye concentration that turn the medicine a syrup liquid handles, the congealed water is basic to return to use, divideding by with the boiler water membrane the makes to prepare to handle, parts of waters through x-rated handles to return to use the etc. directly.The horse ambition use to print to dye with Hulihua all the waste water contacts smoke jet of gas and powder ash from stoves, since satisfied to divided by the purpose of the ,economizing the fresh the dosage of water again, increasing to print to dye at the same time the waste water handles result. Hulihua will still the waste water handling behind returns to used for the dyeing with the stamp-tax, comparing with running water the color prison a basic indiscrimination.2.2 continuously excellent turn back to use the projectReturn to use the project excellent to turn since include the fluid matter the excellent turning, also include the amount of water the excellent turning.The fluid matter is excellent to turn the valid combination of the namely different craft unit or different handles to gather technically, is all for the sake of the to grow to avoid short, make fluid matter attained back to use the request.Because returning to request the difference with the fluid matter bigger, the waste water return to have with the way two kinds of, on ising a small water to return to use the water all according to require with the most strict fluid matter request handles, two is first to request according to the amount of water biggest fluid matter request handles, individual have the higher requesting to measure the water proceeds again appropriate complement handles.The amount of water is excellent to turn namely the business enterprise should choose according to the oneself circumstance a kind of than return to use the way economicly.Practice the proof, above various combinations project return to used for with the water after handling the fluid matter request to be opposite and lower, and use the amount of water the bigger and miscellaneous using the water, the part cools off the water and prints to dye the ex- work makes appointment to post the water( if back the syrup and boil to practice, oxygen, silk light etc.) is all complete viable.If used for the fluid matter request the higher empress work preface( if beat the bottom, soap wash etc.), will guarantee the more strict depth handles, combining can consider the fresh water with return to go together with with the fixed amount of water the ratio mixs with usage.2.3 Continue to develop the membrane gather techniqueAlong with the technical advance, the membrane separates the technical developping continuously is an important direction that future waste water depth handles.More and more
收藏