钻机履带底盘底架设计【含CAD图纸、说明书】【WL系列】

毕业设计（论文）题目： 钻机履带底盘底架设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号：学生姓名：指导教师： II 本科毕业设计（论文）诚 信 承 诺 书本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计（论文） 钻机履带底盘底架设计 是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果，其内容除了在毕业设计（论文）中特别加以标注引用，表示致谢的内容外，本毕业设计（论文）不包含任何其他个人、集体已发表或撰写的成果作品。 班 级： 学 号： 作者姓名： 信 机系 机械工程及自动化 专业毕 业 设 计论 文 任 务 书一、题目及专题：1、题目 钻机履带底盘底架设计 2、专题 二、课题来源及选题依据 锚固钻机面世后，在建筑、地质、铁路、公路和水利等各行业施工领域内广泛应用。如长江三峡工程、北京十三陵水库、龙滩电站、大朝山电站、小湾电站、成昆铁路、南昆铁路、达万线、株六复线、京珠高速公路、元墨高速、大保高速、襄十高速等。这些新设备和新机型的不断推出，为锚固工程施工提供了有力的设备保障。但以往的锚固钻机都没有行走功能，这对于在平地施工或有条件提供平地的施工场地而言是一大损失，增加了工人的劳动强度，移位对孔也及为不便，大大拖延了工期。而与此同时，过外的钻探机械，包括国内的一些品种的钻探机械都已经采用了轮式或履带式底盘，增加了钻机的移动功能，减轻了工人的劳动强度，提高了工作效率。而履带底盘技术发展到现在已经比较成熟；另为了工作量适合毕业设计，故重点负责钻机的履带底盘设计和底架设计。 三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求：1. 履带底盘设计要求 应有较大的驱动力，使钻机在湿软或高低不平等不良地面上行走时具有良好的通过性能、爬坡性能和转向性能； 在不增大行走装置高度的前提下使钻机具有较大的离地间隙，以提高其不平地面上的越野性能； 行走装置具有较大的支撑面积或较小的接地比压，以提高钻机稳定性； 在钻机斜坡下行时不发生下滑和超速溜坡现象，以提高钻机安全性； 行走装置的外形尺寸应符合道路运输的要求； 在钻机作业时需要用专门支腿支撑，以确保钻机稳定性和安全性。2. 底架设计要求 有足够的强度，保证对桅杆组件的支撑； 有可以变角机构。角度范围-1090； 有支撑机构； 有滑移机构，滑移行程600mm，滑移油缸支撑力6869N； 有安装桅杆组件的结构； 有与底盘连接的结构； 要充分考虑减小设计尺寸； 要求结构简单。 四、接受任务学生：五、开始及完成日期：六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）： 指导教师签名 签名 签名 教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名 系主任 签名 毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 钻机履带底盘底架设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号：学生姓名：指导教师： 目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表 毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 钻机履带底盘底架设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号：学生姓名：指导教师： 课题来源钻机履带底盘底架设计科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）锚固钻机面世后，在建筑、地质、铁路、公路和水利等各行业施工领域内广泛应用。如长江三峡工程、北京十三陵水库、龙滩电站、大朝山电站、小湾电站、成昆铁路、南昆铁路、达万线、株六复线、京珠高速公路、元墨高速、大保高速、襄十高速等。这些新设备和新机型的不断推出，为锚固工程施工提供了有力的设备保障。但以往的锚固钻机都没有行走功能，这对于在平地施工或有条件提供平地的施工场地而言是一大损失，增加了工人的劳动强度，移位对孔也及为不便，大大拖延了工期。而与此同时，过外的钻探机械，包括国内的一些品种的钻探机械都已经采用了轮式或履带式底盘，增加了钻机的移动功能，减轻了工人的劳动强度，提高了工作效率。而履带底盘技术发展到现在已经比较成熟；另为了工作量适合毕业设计，故重点负责钻机的履带底盘设计和底架设计。研究内容（1） 履带底盘设计要求 应有较大的驱动力，使钻机在湿软或高低不平等不良地面上行走时具有良好的通过性能、爬坡性能和转向性能； 在不增大行走装置高度的前提下使钻机具有较大的离地间隙，以提高其不平地面上的越野性能； 行走装置具有较大的支撑面积或较小的接地比压，以提高钻机稳定性； 在钻机斜坡下行时不发生下滑和超速溜坡现象，以提高钻机安全性； 行走装置的外形尺寸应符合道路运输的要求； 在钻机作业时需要用专门支腿支撑，以确保钻机稳定性和安全性。（2） 底架设计要求 有足够的强度，保证对桅杆组件的支撑。 有可以变角机构。角度范围-1090 有支撑机构。 有滑移机构，滑移行程600mm，滑移油缸支撑力6869N 有安装桅杆组件的结构。 有与底盘连接的结构。 要充分考虑减小设计尺寸。 要求结构简单。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析钻机的设计要满足潜孔锤常规钻进、合金钻进、螺旋钻进三种钻探工艺的要求，在钻进方面要求有快速，慢速，可调速三种进给方式，在回转方面要求有多档变速功能，要求有行走移位功能，调节钻孔的方位角的功能，具有自动上卸钻杆的功能，不可拆部件不大于300Kg，可靠运行时间不低于3000h。此外还要考虑到拆卸方便结构简单的因素，还要符合厂里的生产要求和已经成熟的成组技术要求。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月7日-2012年12月10日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2013年11月28日-2013年2月12日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年2月13日-2013年2月24日：翻译英文资料。2013年2月27日-2013年3月9日：履带底盘及底架方案论证跟确定。2013年3月12日-2013年3月30日：画履带底盘三维跟二维图。2013年4月2日-2013年4月13日：画底架三维及二维图。2013年4月16日-2013年4月20日：拆总体画零件图。2013年4月23日-2013年5月11日：设计说明书的编写、整理及打印。2013年4月1614日-2013年5月18日：最后检查论文及图纸准备答辩。预期成果：达到预期的实验结论：钻机通过履带行走装置行走稳定，环境适应能力强。作业时使用支腿制成增强了稳定性，底架用滑架、底座、变角油缸组件实现了变焦功能，也能实现推进架的滑移功能。特色或创新之处 采用了支腿和履带共同作用的方式，目前在许多工程机械中，都是采用轮式底盘和支腿共同作用的方式，而在这里考虑到钻机工作的特殊性，要钻孔100m，不能让孔有太大的弯曲，这就要求钻机本身有一个很稳定的工作平台。这样的设计满足了实际需求。但在下一步的改良设计中建议重新准确的算一下钻机各部件的重量，将履带底盘的机架改为人字梁结构，优化各部件布局，使得钻机结构更合理，美观，行动更灵巧。 底架结构大体是用了滑架、底座、变角油缸组件组合而成，特点是不仅仅实现变角功能，还实现了推进架的滑移功能。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 已具备的条件：电脑；相关开发软件；部分技术资料。 尚需解决的问题：学习CAD确定产品的结构尺寸和技术要求。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日MDL-50A型锚固钻机使用说明书MDL-50A Drilling Rig OperationChina is the worlds first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and has made great contribution to promote the progress of technology civilization . Machine in the traditional，our country within a long period are leading in the word. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, to the 19century40s, due to the economic and social and many other reasons, the machinery industry of Chinese was stagnation, but the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and industrial revolution time, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, to the 19th century middle， our country already behind western more than one hundred years. Over the past 40 years, roof bolter of China are developing from nothing, in some places roof bolter were also called anchor rig, the varieties from the original single to variety, from single power to multiple power. Our country successively has developed a mechanical support leg type electric roof bolter, drill roof bolter, supporting leg and the guide rail type hydraulic pressure roof bolter, supporting leg type pneumatic roof bolter, non-mechanical transmission support leg electric roof bolter, airborne roof bolter and double-stage Air-leg drill etc. According to the main power source, roof bolter has two kinds - Pneumatic and hydraulic. But electro-hydraulic combination will be the trend of its development. Over the past 40 years, roof bolter of China are developing from nothing, in some places roof bolter were also called anchor rig, the varieties from the original single to variety, from single power to multiple power. Our country successively has developed a mechanical support leg type electric roof bolter, drill roof bolter, supporting leg and the guide rail type hydraulic pressure roof bolter, supporting leg type pneumatic roof bolter, non-mechanical transmission support leg electric roof bolter, airborne roof bolter and double-stage Air-leg drill etc. According to the main power source, roof bolter has two kinds - Pneumatic and hydraulic. Hydraulic roof bolter is mainly component of the medium of hydraulic oil and the drive actuator witch is including cylinder and motor. Pointing from the walking in the domestic the hydraulic roof bolter mainly has two kinds skid and crawler. Structure of skid hydraulic Roof bolter is simple, but the strength is higher, operation is simple, manufacturing cost is relatively low. Such as Wuxi dual-fan production of YG-80, Chengdu Hamma production of YXZ-70, Chongqing prospecting plant production of MGJ-50 etc Holing main technology is double eccentric, commonly used in drill pipe is73, 89, according to different design of jacket tube drill pipe commonly use108, 127, 146 etc specifications. They need to be equipped with proper air compressor to driven impact power, because the bottom of impact always role in the hole, so often be called as blow. Anti-floating anchor, excavation, soil nail wall support are widely used in workers of the construction process. But they are moving heavy, function single, and increased with the processing costs, much higher and higher buildings, this kind of type has been unable to meet the needs of the market. So anchor bolt drill and tracked automatically walking got quickly development. In the domestic there are many types of the crawler roof bolter, which features in the main power head adopts the high torque motor drive, speed range usually is variable speed. They are greatly improving the rig performance. The track is driven by a hydraulic motor, which made the drilling machine more flexibility and reduces the complex of the artificial joint. This type of drill also adopted the attack mode, such as the Oriental industrial production of DF-3000, Xuanhua Ingersoll-Rand production of CM-351. This type of drill same with the slide drill on the pulling sleeve also need be equipped with auxiliary equipment and other auxiliary equipment. In China there is a kind of double anchor rig power head roof bolter, characteristic of this kind of drill rig is drill pipe and casing are driven rotation by each power head, and do not influence each other, pull casing can be done automatically by the machine.Every rig all have they own operation manual. The follow is MDL-50A Drilling Rig operation manual. 1. PrefaceThe company has adopted its latest assembling technology for all main parts and components of this product. And the rig is completed with chassis for pretrial and pipe wrench and other accessories, which the re-designed fully new hydraulic system incorporates into one entity. Key elements are all renowned brands either local or imported, and are fully hydraulically controlled and displayed through instruments. The drilling rig is easy and flexible of operation and has high working efficiency and so well meets the requirements by the customer.MDL-50A Drilling Rig is a new type fully hydraulic long-stroke anchored drilling-rig for engineering purposes developed and manufactured by Jiangsu Wuxi Mineral Exploration Machinery General Factory Co. LTD (formerly Jiangsu Wuxi Mineral Exploration Machinery General Factory). MDL-50A Drilling Rig is a hydraulically controlled, anchored power head engineering drill. Its overall weight is under 4000kg, is mainly for the anchoring engineering of coast and dangerous rock/cliff mass for geological disaster prevention activity, and the anchoring engineering of rock body etc to control displacement of buildings, and also for supporting of deep-foundation pit and groundwork reinforcing engineering in urban construction site, for blowing up engineering or blowing up hole etc. But the Drilling Rig isnt suitable for anchoring engineering of high-edge slope or dangerous rock body. MDL-50A Drilling Rig possesses the characteristics of stable performance, high working efficiency, multiply usage, as well as the capability of drilling sophisticated stratum and handling accidents etc. This drilling rig, deployed by common alloy drill tools or other drill tools, can perform revolving-and-drilling. In the rigid rock stratum, the drilling rig deploys the spheroid drill bit to perform striking and revolving and drilling to have high-speed-bored hole; if deployed with air-compressor and pneumatic in-the-hole hammer, and accepted the cannula-followed drill tools, the drilling rig can drill the hole with cannula together in those unstable stratum such as conglomerate stratum.Following are the main features of the drilling rig:1） Compact in structure, fully hydraulically controlled, easy and flexible of operation and easy to move, good mobility, time- saving and energy-saving.2） Fitted with exclusive drilling follow-up devices (drill rod, thimble, and eccentric drill bit etc). When drilling in unstable stratum thimble can be used at collaring and the hole can be finished with conventional ball teeth bit to achieve good drilling efficiency and good quality holes.3） Optimized heat diffusion system in the light of customers plant conditions to ensure that the max temperature in the hydraulic system does not exceed 70 when outdoors temperature reaches 50.4） Power head of the drilling rig has big torque and long stroke with high drilling efficiency, which greatly enhances working efficiency. Fitted with devices for mechanically mounting/dismounting drilling rod to reduce the operators labor intensity.2. Technical SpecificationMain drilling mode of this product is: conventional drilling, alloy bit drilling, and spiral drilling1) Hole dia.（mm）：85-1602) Hole depth（m）：40-604) Boring angle（）： -15-905) Rated speed（r/min）：12、25、45、60、90、1256) Rated lift capacity（kN）：42.5kN7) Rated pull down capacity（kN）：25kN8) Feed stroke（mm）：18009) Dynamic：Motor，18.5kw+11kw+1.5kw10) Weight（kg）：400011) Shape (LWH，mm) ：42002000720012) Plumb condition：38001800360013) Transport state：3800180020003. Structure of the Drilling RigMDL-50A drilling rig comprises of the following main components:（1）The power assemblyThe power module is made up of three electric motors which respectively drive three sets of pumps. Among them, one group is a double gear pump. The big one is responsible for drilling quickly of the drill; and the small one is responsible for the movement and the support of one side of crutch as well as the medium-speed, low-speed drilling. One set of pump is responsible for the movement and the support of another side of crutch and the medium-speed drilling as well as the quickly lift of the power head. The last set of pump is responsible for the rise of the tower. When you start operating the drill, you should notice the rotated direction of three electric motors, its turning should be identical with the red arrow on the pump or the back shell of the motors, or the drill cant work normally.（2）The power head assemblyPower head of MDL-50A type drilling rig is driven by Double hydraulic motor through gear box transmission and speed regulating, and it drives the main shaft and fore end drilling rod connection to turn in positive/reverse directions, thereby driving the drilling bits below.In the power head box is stored gear oil. When in operation be sure to check the oil level from time to time to see there is sufficient oil. On the side of the box is fitted an oil level threaded plug. Just by raising the mast to vertical position and loosening the oil level screw you can check the oil level.The up/down motion of the power head is effected by the roller assembly beneath it, which is driven by the chains. After the drilling rig has worked for a period of time there will be a certain amount of rocking motion because the roller assembly will have worn. Now is the time to loosen the locking nut and turn the fixing screw of the roller assembly to adjust the sliding clearance between the bottom and the side, then re-tighten the nut. Only be sure you do not tighten the wear- resistant plate excessively.（3）The propelling rack assemblyThis assembly is part of the orifice-supporting device, power head assembly and pressurizing elevation assembly.（4）The pretrial chassisWith the pretrial fitted on it is possible to effect the drilling rigs forward/ backward movement and turning and leveling through controlling the proportional pump. and that is why the drilling rig can move easily, has good mobility and is time- saving and energy- saving.（5）The hydraulic systemWorking oil pumps, valves, execution elements and pipe- fittings of the hydraulic system of MDL-50 drilling rig are mostly imported fine quality parts, ensuring a good working performance.（6）The electrical systemAs the drilling rig is not equipped with power generator an external three-phase AC power supply has to be connected to the control cabinet. The motor is started in the planetary triangle mode for the sake of reducing starting current. Total input power of the electrical cabinet is 45 kW. The cabinet is fitted with leakage protection switch as safety device, which also serves as excessive voltage protection for the hydraulic system and for various kinds of warning signals for user to be aware of the rigs instant status. Before starting be sure to check the cabinets earth connection to see it is securely done. Unqualified personnel are not allowed to do any checkup or maintenance, failing that the person will have to bear the consequences.4. OperationPoints for attention in the preparation before starting the rig1.1 The drill should be installed on the flat ground.1.2 Be sure to tighten all the connections. In case of any loosening be sure to tighten up and make proper adjustments.1.3 Checking each part if it get stuck or not, checking each shield and oil pipe whether it is installed correctly.1.4 Checking whether the joy stick is on the close position, make sure it is not on working to prevent any accident.1.5 Checking whether each connection of vitta is fast, if it is loose, adjusting it.1.6 Checking the oil if it is enough to achieve the settled level, and making sure that inlet valve and outlet valve is on.1.7 Clean up the surfaces of all parts and components of the rig. Apply lubricants (oil/grease) to all lubrication nozzles and sliding parts. 1.8 While using the electromotor, paying attention to its turning, its turning should be identical with the escutcheon, and reversion is forbidden.1.9 Make sure that there is enough oil in the oil box. There is a liquid temperature meter and liquid position meter on the side of oil box. The choice of liquid presses oil: When environment temperature is-10 40 , you can use L- HM 46(GB 11118.1- 1994) or YB-N 46(GB2512-81); When environment temperature is 40 -10, you can change it to use L-HV 46( GB11118.1-1994) or the other low temperature liquid press the oil. If drill lasts working several days, oil box should be cleaned every month and remove from impurity. The filter in the absorb mouth of the oil pump should be replaced and cleaned each half month.1.10 Checking whether the oil of the drill is leak or not. And before it is clear, dont drive drill. 1.11 In the cold condition, pump should be open and close by spells for some times. In the heat condition, there should be a shield on top of oil box. (You should settle it by yourself.)1.12 If drill doesnt work for a long time, oil pump should work without loading for 10 minutes after driving drill. In the moment, the handle is on the middle position, then checking whether the handle is identical to the escutcheon.1.13 It is forbidden that two joysticks are opposite when power head is rotating after the drill drove.1.14 Erect the propelling rack assembly. Then fix the longer supporting rod of the supporting assembly together with the supporting base of the propelling rack.1.15 Try start the drill and checking if the fast add press is in gear. Since the parameter in the escutcheon is confirmed by hydraulic press element in normal condition and also the efficiency of the system is unsure. So the error between the real and the grade parameter in 15% is in gear when the drill is in trial run.1.16 The drilling Rig can on working after the above movement is in gear.Points for attention when operating the drilling rig2.1 Before leaving factory the drilling rig has had its hydraulic system pressure adjusted. So do not change it without approval of the manufacturer. For the sake of safety and prevention of accidents be sure to use your greatest discretion when using excessive system pressure. 2.2 After the propelling rack is erected the ideal thing to do is to remove the rig erecting operation handle in order to prevent mistaken operation.2.3 Before starting drilling, check the cylinders of the rigs supporting legs to see they are properly supported.2.4 While drilling is going on it is not allowed to pull the handle of the supporting legs oil cylinders in order to prevent any accidental change to the angle of drilling.2.5 When power head is close to either extreme position near the end it is not allowed to have any quick motion. Any great impact is to be avoided.2.6 The drilling rig is fitted with protection against overload pressure and with overload warning. When hydraulic system is overloaded the rig will automatically cut off power to motor and issue warning. Now you will have to find out the cause of overload and remove it before starting the drilling rig again.Warning：1）The power head function of quick feed-in and elevation can only be used when operating and coordinating have become really skilled; otherwise accident may happen.2）When operating simultaneously the power head feed-in and elevation handles, there must not be simultaneous working in opposite directions, which may cause damage to the system5. Normal Failure & Its Shooting Method1）Normal faults and remedies of the hydraulic pumpPhenomenonAnalysisRemedyNo oil, The oil measure is Insufficient, the pressure is not enough1. The electromotor turnaround worry1. Check the electromotor turnaround2. Suction pipe or filter blocked2. Dredge pipe, clean filter, replace oil3. Too large clearance between shafts or radials3. Check and replace relevant parts4.Leakage in joints, air interfused4. Screw down bolts on joints，remove the leakage, prevent air into5. High viscosity of the hydraulic oil or too high oil temperature of hydraulic oil5. Select the correct hydraulic oil，and control oil temperatureThe noise is serious, the pressure wave is severe1. Suction pipe or filter blocked, or too small with filter contentClean filter for the suction pipe smooth， select the correct filter2. The seal of suction pipe blow by or there is air bubble in the oilAdd oil in the conjunction part or seal place, if the noise let up, can screw down conjunction part or replace to seal ring; Return pipe nozzle should be below the oil, and have the certain distance with suction pipe.3. Pump and the joint cardo is not concentricAdjust concentric4. Insufficient oilAdd oil5. High viscosity of the hydraulic oil or low oil temperature of hydraulic oilHeat oil to the appropriate temperature6. Pump bearings mangleCheck the temperature of pump bearings(Use hands to feel that)2）Normal faults and remedies of hydraulic cylindersPhenomenonAnalysisRemedyCrawlAir incursion1. Increase vent-pipes; If there is no exhaust, can run the hydraulic system with the longest journey to make the work parts fast run, force releasing air.The seal ring of hydraulic cylinders end cover press too tight or too loose.2. Adjust the seal ring, make it not loose and not tight, and the piston pole can be ensured to placidly draw it by hand but no leakage( Mostly admit to leak tiny oil)The piston pole and the piston have not concentric3. Correct concentricity between the piston pole and the pistonThe span or part of piston pole bend4. Alignment the piston poleThe installation position of hydraulic cylinders move5. Check and correct the parallel between the hydraulic cylinder and the lead rail The linearity of the hydraulic cylinder inner hole is bad( The drum taper etc.)6. Renovate the hydraulic cylinder with milling and boring, and match piston again.7. Canker the cylinder ,or wear away the cylinder wall7. It removes rust and burr that it is slight, it must bore and mill that it is serious.8. Both sides screw caps of double piston poles are tweaked too tight, and make its concentricity be bad8. The screw caps should not be tweaked too tight, can tweak them with hand generally, then keep the piston to be placed in nature.ImpingementToo large clearance between pistons and hydraulic cylinders that used clearance seal, the throttle lose the effect of throttle.The clearance between pistons and hydraulic cylinders should be matched with the provision, and reduce the leakage phenomenon.The cushion check valve of the end is failure, and can not react the cushion.Revise and match the check valve with the valve holderhe thrust lack or the work speed gradually descend even to stopToo large the coordination clearance between the hydraulic cylinder and the piston or O seal ring damage, and result the high and low-pressure cavity to connect with each other1. Match the clearance between the piston and the hydraulic cylinder or replace the O seal ringBecause a certain section of the work journey was used usually on the working hours, and result in the linearity of the hydraulic cylinder hole bad( Have the drum form p