2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案(2).doc
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2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案(2)阅读理解由于题材非常广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等;体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点,往往是考试中的难题。那么,如何做好阅读理解呢如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数,稳扎稳打的作练习;有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程,如何在第一步就领先一步呢?如何做好自己的计划和安排呢?是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢?让我们来看看,到底要怎样做!第一、是要排除心理障碍,不要因为自身词汇量小,阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”,而对之望而生畏,造成紧张心理,导致越读越慌,越慌越难的窘境,从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题,我在后面会详细谈一下。第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干,弄清题目要求,带着问题有目的地进行阅读,这样就能把握方向,同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案,提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解,或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解,以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义,造成信息流中断,曲解或偏离题意。第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句,对文章的理解起着重要的作用;同时要学会正确猜测词义,有机地联系上下文,读了上文,猜测下文,不要逐词翻译,造成前后脱节,缺乏语感,以致于理解错误。第五,充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息,准确地捕捉关键事实和细节,进而归纳出主旨大意,领会全文的逻辑关系,弄清作者的写作意图等,进行推理判断,挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。第六,完成选择时,看其是否与文中内容相矛盾,有无文中信息支持点,再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求;如果让你判断其标题的话,要看文章表达的是人还是事,从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础,不要随意发挥想像或联想。第七,忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时,一定要从整体上控制时间,时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边,等把全部题做完后,再回头来处理。因为做完题后,你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了,你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚,因为你仍然有选对的可能性。第八,良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作,如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等;避免朗读,人看的速度要比读快2倍,朗读必然影响阅读速度;不要逐词逐词地看,这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动,用眼睛去扫描,这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40 分)A“How can I learn English well?” This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can recite the text and write it out, youve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says youre a very successful learner indeed. Your English will be quite perfect.This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, youll find it not half so hard as you might have thought. Learning this way, you will make rapid progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English. Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at jokes and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother tongue. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation.56.In the writers opinion, the most effective way in learning English is _.A.to practise speaking, writing and feeling itB.to forget your own native languageC.to translate everything into his own languageD.to memorize the English words and grammatical rules57. “Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way.”This sentence means that memorizing your own language can _.A.help you to study English wellB.stop you mastering EnglishC.make English easy to learnD.help you notice mistakes58.Equally important is to feel the language. “to feel the language” here means_. A.to get a knowledge of English by touchingB. to be able to read and write EnglishC.to translate English into your own by imaginingD.to be able to experience the rich sensation of the languageBWhen we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we e to see how important our eyes are.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, bee nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arms length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some peoples eyes bee cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.When night falls, colors bee fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.59.We dont know that our eyes are of great importance until _.A. we think about our eyesB. we cannot see clearly C. we wear glassesD. we have to do much reading60.According to the passage, a _ is more likely to be nearsighted.A.tailor B. doctor C. guard D.painter61.People who are farsighted _ .A.cannot do a lot of close work without glassesB.can only see things that are very close to their eyesC.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arms lengthD.have the same problem as the nearsighted people62.To see a small thing at night, it is better to look _ .A.with wide open eyesB.with half shut or narrowed eyesC.straight at itD.in a slightly different directionCTrees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other useful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees,so he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.63.The most important points of trees to man is _.A.they help him to make moneyB.they give him cool C.they give him wood and other thingsD.they help him to stop drought and floods64.In many places forests slowly disappear because _ .A.many trees have been cut down by manB.new trees are not well looked after C.man has not paid enough attention to planting treesD.all the above65.Land bees desert after all trees are cut down because _ .A. roots of trees break up the soilB. there are too many rainfallsC. strong winds bring a lot of sandD. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.66.Which title best fits the passage?A.Trees and Man B.The Function of Tree WoodC.How do People do with Trees?D.The Usage of Tree RootsDLaptop puters are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop puter program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a 10 million puter program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use puters without going to puter labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!Because of the many changes in puter technology , laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops bee more powerful, they bee more similar to desktop puters. In addition, the portable puters can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use puters. The laptops will allow all teachers to use puters in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “ Here we are in the middle of Virginia and were giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”67.The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to _.A.use for their schoolworkB.access the InternetC.work at homeD.connect them to libraries68.Why is the word “speak” in the second paragraph in quotation marks(引号)?A.They dont really talk.B.They use the puter language.C.Laptops have speakers.D.None of the above reasons is correct.69.Which of the following is true about Westlake College?A. All teachers use puters.B.1500 students have laptops.C.It is an old college in America.D.Students there can do everything.70.A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can _.A.attend lectures on information technologyB.travel around the worldC.get information from around the worldD.have free laptops71.What can we infer from the passage?A.The program is successful.B.The program is not workable.C.The program is too expensive.D.We dont know the result yet.ELet children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, pare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine(常规) work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he cant find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.72.According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by _.A.listening to skilled peoples adviceB.asking older people many questionsC.making mistakes and having them correctedD.doing what other people do73.Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?A.Give children correct answers.B.Allow children to make mistakes.C.Point out childrens mistakes to them.D.Let children mark their own work.74.According to the writer, teachers in school should _.A.allow children to learn from each otherB.point out childrens mistakes whenever foundC.give children more book knowledgeD.correct childrens mistakes as soon as possible75.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are _.A.different from learning other skillsB.the same as learning skillsC.more important than other skillsD.not really important skills5660 ABDBA 6165 DDDDD 6670 AAACC 7175 DDCAB- 配套讲稿:
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