高考英语 词法 第2讲 代词、介词和介词短语课件.ppt
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第2讲 代词、介词和介词短语,1. (2013四川高考)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones. A. one B. this C. that D. it 【解析】选C。考查替代词。句意:主干道上的交通比小街道上的交通拥有更长时间的绿灯信号。A项指代前文的表泛指的单数可数名词;B项为指示代词,表示“这个”;C项指代前文不可数名词或表特指的单数可数名词;D项指代前文提到的那个事物。根据句意可知是不同街道的green signal在比较,故用that。,2. (2013天津高考)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine. A. them B. these C. those D. ones 【解析】选C。考查代词。句意:我们工厂里有几台跟这本杂志上描述的很相似的机器。those指代可数名词复数,特指,相当于the ones;ones指代可数名词复数,泛指。“described in this magazine”作修饰成分,故此处应是特指,指代前面的machines,是复数,故选those。,3. (2013浙江高考)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. A. these B. some C. ones D. those 【解析】选D。考查代词的用法。句意:在来自16个国家的被调查的人中,一半人说他们会在第一时间告诉他们最好的朋友最大的愿望以及最大的恐惧。those代指the people,此处有定语修饰,是特指。故选D。ones是泛指。,4. (2013辽宁高考)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues. A. that B. one C. ones D. those 【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:令Della高兴的是,她首先赢得了学生们的信任,然后赢得了同事们的信任。A项用来代替不可数名词或者是可数名词单数;B项代替可数名词单数;C项代替可数名词复数;D项用来代替“同名异物”的可数名词复数。trust是不可数名词,故选A。,5. (2013山东高考)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. A. either B. any C. each D. another 【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:我曾经在纽约和芝加哥住过,但并不非常喜欢两者当中的任何一个。结合语境及but, A项either指两者中的任何一个, 与not连用表两者间的全部否定,符合题意。B项any指三者及三者以上中的任何一个;C项each指每一个,与not连用,表部分否定;D项another指三者及三者以上中的另一个,均不符合句意,故选A。,6. (2013重庆高考)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _. A. another B. the other C. one another D. one 【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:回收是保护环境的一种方式,再利用是另外一种方式。another表示“三者或三者以上中的另一个”,保护环境方式很多,故使用another;B项the other表示“两者中的另外一个”;C项表示“互相”;D项表示“一个”,相当于“a+n. ”。,7. (2013新课标全国卷)Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _. A. others B. either C. another D. both 【解析】选D。考查代词。句意:只能二选一我们或者今年买新车或者去度假,但是不能两者都做。others其他的人或物;either两者中的任一个;another另一个;both两者。both. . . not/not. . . both是部分否定,意为“并非两者都”。根据语境可知此处指不能同时做两件事,故选D。,8. (2013陕西高考) Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. A. some B. neither C. none D. all 【解析】选C。考查代词。句意:露丝玛丽虽然多年患一种严重的病,但是她丝毫没有失去对生活的热情。some一些;neither两者都不;none没有,毫无;all所有,全部。根据句意选C。,9. (2013安徽高考)This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything 【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:这个项目需要密切合作。除非我们一起好好工作,否则将一事无成。nothing没有任何事,符合句意。anything任何事;something一些事;everything所有的事。,10. (2013新课标全国卷)A serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics. A. against B. before C. beyond D. without 【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:如果没有一些数学知识,对物理进行严谨的研究是不可能的。against反对,倚,靠, 映衬, 预防, 相比; before在之前,才;beyond超出,在那一边;without(如果)没有。由此可知选D。,11. (2013新课标全国卷)It was a real race _ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. A. over B. by C. for D. against 【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:为了完成这项任务,我们真是分秒必争。值得庆幸的是,我们完成了。a race against time表示“与时间赛跑”,是固定搭配。,12. (2013山东高考)The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children. A. from B. by C. at D. for 【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:史密斯一家由于抚养孩子的方式而受到表扬。be praised by. . . 受到的表扬; be praised for. . . 由于受到表扬。结合语境,所以选D。,13. (2013安徽高考)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library _ a book about it. A. on B. at C. for D. to 【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意:你参观名胜之前,要在当地图书馆寻找一本关于它的书。look for寻找;look on看待,旁观;look at看;look to朝看去。,14. (2013北京高考)I have an appointment _ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. A. to B. off C. with D. from 【解析】选C。考查介词用法。句意:我和史密斯医生有个预约,但我需要变更一下。have an appointment with sb. 和某人有约。,15. (2013安徽高考)If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. _, they will learn to take care of themselves. A. On the contrary B. In a word C. That is to say D. Whats more 【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意:如果父母让孩子帮助做家务,孩子们会感觉自己被需要,而且他们还能学会照顾自己。whats more而且;on the contrary与此相反;in a word总之;that is to say那就是说。根据句意前后表示递进关系可知选D。,16. (2013福建高考)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always _ whenever she tries to. A. in the way B. on watch C. in sight D. on the line 【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意:史密斯夫人发现很难(把房间)打扫干净,因为无论何时她想试着打扫时,孩子们总是妨碍她。in the way挡道,妨碍;on watch值班,监视;in sight看得见;on the line冒风险。,17. (2013湖北高考)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase. A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion 【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:最近一个坐渡船到南方岛屿去旅行的艺术家偶然发现了一个丢失很久的古希腊花瓶。A项“任意地,随便地”;B项“偶然地”;C项“依次,相应地”;D项“有时,偶尔”。根据句意可知选B项。,18. (2013江苏高考)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. _ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend. A. On account of B. In response to C. In view of D. With regard to 【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意:每当我收到你的邮件时我总是非常开心。关于7月1日举行的聚会,我很乐意参加。 A项“因为,由于”;B项“作为对的回应”;C项“鉴于,由于”;D项“关于,至于”,相当于in regard to。,19. (2013辽宁高考)_ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. A. By means of B. On behalf of C. In search of D. For fear of 【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:我代表这里所有的人祝你回国旅途愉快。A项“通过方法”;B项“代表”;C项“寻找”;D项“唯恐,害怕”。,20. (2013浙江高考)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. _, Ill set the table. A. As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D. As a matter of fact 【解析】选C。考查介词短语的用法。句意:如果你去商店购买我们晚餐需要的东西就算帮了大忙;同时,我会摆好餐桌。as a result结果;on the whole总体来说;in the meanwhile与此同时;as a matter of fact事实上。故选C。,热点考向 1 it的用法 1. 主要考点: (1)it在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语 it在句子中用于代替动词不定式、名词性从句或动名词,在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语。 (2)it用于固定的短语搭配或句式结构中 it常用于like it when (if). . . ,rely on it that. . . ,depend on it that. . . , appreciate it if. . . , see to it that. . . 等句式及cant help it, put it, make it等固定短语搭配中。,2. 解决方法: 学会分析句子的语法结构,清晰了解句子的结构脉络。 【真题变式】用it完成句子。 (2012全国卷)Sarah _(成功到达机 场) just in time to catch her plane this morning.,made it to the airport,热点考向 2 it, one, ones, that, those等替代词的用法,【真题变式】用适当的替代词填空。 (2012浙江高考) Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds. (2011重庆高考)Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. What do you think of _ over there? (2011福建高考)We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests.,those,that,one,热点考向 3 不定代词的用法 主要考点: 1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的不同用法,【真题变式】用恰当的不定代词填空。 (2012江西高考)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop. (2011辽宁高考)Would you like tea or coffee? _, thank you. Ive just had some water.,none,Neither,2. something, anything, nothing,【真题变式】用适当的不定代词填空。 (2011湖南高考)I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. (2011四川高考)There is _ in his words. We should have a try.,nothing,something,3. none, no one/nobody, nothing,【命题小试】 请根据以下内容命制一道考查代词的题目。 We can provide you with a personalized travel route, one that is based on your interests and pockets. _ _,参考答案We can provide you with a personalized travel route, _ that is based on your interests and pockets. A. that B. one C. what D. it 【解析】选B。考查代词用法。句意:我们可以为你提供一个个性化的旅行线路,一个基于你的兴趣和财力状况的旅行线路。根据句子结构分析可知,句子挖空部分应指的是一个可数名词单数,“一条的旅行线路”,而其后的that部分是定语从句,故要用one=a travel route符合句子语法结构。,热点考向 4 介词用法辨析 高考中经常考查的介词:,【真题变式】用适当的介词填空。 (2011四川高考)Nick, its good for you to read some books _ China before you start your trip there. (2011山东高考)Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy _ the past couple of weeks. (2011上海高考)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.,on,over,through,(2011北京高考)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color. (2011重庆高考)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.,in,from,热点考向 5 介词的固定搭配 1. 介词短语: on average 平均 in favor of 支持 with regard to 关于 rather than 而不是 in case of如果,假使 in detail 详细地 in vain 徒劳地 on purpose 故意地 in turn 依次 in general一般来说 on the contrary相反 in advance 提前 apart from 除之外 in addition to 除之外 instead of 代替 in need 急需,在危难中,in spite of 不管,不顾 regardless of 不管,不顾 in charge of 负责,主管 in exchange of 作为交换 in return for 作为回报 out of sight 在视野之外 out of question 不成问题 out of order 出故障,混乱 other than 除了,不同于 beyond description 难以描述地 by means of 依靠,借助于 in terms of 就而言 in honor of 为了纪念, 向表示敬意 for the benefit of 为了利益 by accident/by chance 偶然,意外地,2. 介词在动词短语中的固定搭配用法: lead to 导致 feel like 想要 go against 违背 call for 需要,要求 agree with 同意,赞同 care about 关心,介意 apply to 适用于 contribute to 贡献,有助于,促成 appeal to 呼吁,上诉,对感兴趣 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事,3. 介词与形容词形成的固定搭配用法: be crazy about着迷于,热衷于 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 be popular with受欢迎 be enthusiastic about 热衷于 be afraid of 对感到害怕的 be proud of 对感到自豪的 be particular about 对挑剔的 be bored with 对感到厌倦的 be strict with对要求严格的,【真题变式】用恰当的介词短语填空。 (2012浙江高考) Brown said he was by no means annoyed; _, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 布朗说他决不生气; 相反, 他很高兴能使别人清楚地了解他自 己。 (2011全国卷)The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself 这个表格除了你自己外其他人都不能签名。,on the contrary,other than,易错点 1 代词it,one, ones, that, those混用 (母题)The new traffic rules that took effect on January 1 are much stricter than _ in the past. A. that B. this C. what D. those 【解析】选D。考查代词。句意:1月1日生效的新交规比过去的要严格很多。those代指the traffic rules。,(变式1)Though the new traffic rule that took effect on January 1 is quite strict, most drivers are in favor of _. A. that B. it C. what D. those 【解析】选B。考查代词。句意:尽管1月1日生效的新交规很严格,但是大部分司机赞成。it代指上面提到的the new traffic rule。,(变式2)Though the new traffic rules that took effect on January 1 are quite strict, most drivers are in favor of _. A. that B. it C. them D. ones 【解析】选C。考查代词。句意:尽管1月1日生效的新交规很严格,但是大部分司机赞成。them代指上面提到的the new traffic rules。,(变式3)The new traffic rule that took effect on January 1 is quite a strict regulation, _ most drivers are quite cautious about. A. that B. this C. what D. one 【解析】选D。句意:1月1日生效的新交规是非常严格的法规,一个大部分司机都特别谨慎对待的法规。one作quite a strict regulation的同位语,后面是定语从句,省略了that或which。,【误区点拨】 one=a(n)+单数名词; ones=零冠词+复数名词。 that=the+单数名词或不可数名词; those=the+复数名词。 one, ones之前或之后均可以加定语修饰; that, those只能加后置定语修饰。,易错点 2 不定代词another, other, others, the other混用 (母题)Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and _ half learning drawing. A. another B. the other C. others D. other 【解析】选B。考查代词。another“另一个”,指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个,other“其他的”;others表示“其他的人或物”, 指复数概念。句意:我的假期的一半时间将用来练习英语,另一半时间将用来学习绘画。,(变式1)To avoid making my friends embarrassed, I decided to switch from some controversial topics to _. A. another B. the other C. others D. other 【解析】选A。句意:为了避免朋友感到尴尬,我决定从一些有争议的话题转入另外的一个话题。由句意可知,another表示“三者或三者以上中的另外一个”,符合句子语境。,(变式2)It is the issue of food safety rather than any _ that is drawing the public attention. A. another B. the other C. others D. other 【解析】选D。句意:是食品安全问题,而不是其他的任何问题正引起公众的关注。other在本句中为不定代词,表示“其他的,别的”。,【误区点拨】 就所指的事物范围而言,another, the other, others,other用法有别: another=another +单数名词(指三者或三者以上的人或事物中另外一个) one, the other=两个人或事物的一个,另一个 others=other+复数名词,指其他的人或物 other=别的,其他的,易错点 3 受思维定式影响,介词混用 (母题)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number. A. of B. as C. by D. with 【解析】选C。考查介词词组搭配。 句意: 当今一些医院以实名制记录病人而不是病历号。by name 用名字。学生容易受搭配结构的影响,将本题误选为B, 但是本题并非是refer to. . . as结构,而by name是另外一个独立的短语,意为“用姓名”。,(变式)The old man was admitted to the hospital we referred to _ Mountainview hospital in Las Vegas. A. of B. as C. by D. with 【解析】选B。考查动词短语的搭配用法。句意:老人住进了拉斯维加斯的一家名叫Mountainview的医院。句中的refer to. . . as为固定短语搭配,意为“把称作”。,【误区点拨】 在介词的选择上,既要考虑相关的搭配,也要考虑句子意义和结构,不能望文生义。,1Have you figured out how much the tuition is in American universities? $19, 000, or _ like that. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something 【解析】选D。考查代词用法。句意:你是否计算出了在美国大学的学费是多少?19 000美元或差不多这个数吧。something like that 在口语中为“诸如此类吧,差不多吧”, 可看作固定搭配。,2. (2013郑州模拟)Frankly speaking, _ of them knew what the other was doing that morning. A. none B. neither C. some D. all 【解析】选B。考查代词用法。句意:坦白而言,他们俩没一个人知道对方那天上午在做什么。从句子中的the other可以判断,题干中涉及两个人,“两者之中没有一个”要选neither;none是对三者或三者以上人或事物的全部否定;some 一些;all 所有的人或物,故本题选B。,3. Weve been looking for a cheap house but havent found _ yet. A. one B. other C. it D. that 【解析】选A。考查代词用法。句意:我们一直在找一座便宜的房子,但是还没有找到一个这样的房子。one在句中替代a cheap house。,4. (2013苏州模拟)Many parents made _ their daily routine to get out for a walk in the evening. A. this B. it C. that D. what 【解析】选B。考查代词用法。句意:许多父母把晚上出去散步当作他们的日常活动。it在句中充当形式宾语,真正的宾语是to get out for a walk in the evening部分。,5. Whats troubling us are not the burdens of our schoolwork but the ways we handle _. Athis Bit Cus Dthem 【解析】选D。考查代词用法。句意:目前困扰我们的不是我们的课业负担,而是我们处理这些负担的方式。根据句子逻辑关系,handle的宾语应指的是burdens,故再次提到时要用代词them表示复数概念。,6. The basic design of the car is very similar to _ of earlier models A. that B. it C. this D. one 【解析】选A。考查代词用法。句意:这款车的基本设计与早期车型的基本设计非常类似。句中the basic design为特指的名词单数概念,因此再次提到相同的结构要用that, 相当于the basic design。,7. (2013济南模拟)Growing up in a tough environment, the brothers went _ thick and thin together A. over B. across C. with Dthrough 【解析】选D。考查动词短语搭配。句意:因为兄弟们都是在困难的环境里长大,他们同甘共苦,休戚与共。go through thick and thin为固定动词短语,意为“同甘共苦,休戚与共”。go over 仔细检查,复习;go across 穿过,横过;go with 与一致。,8. How do you feel your trip to Mount Huang? Fantastic! The scenery there impressed me deeply; especially the green pine trees, looking great _ the blue sky Aon Bwith Cin Dagainst 【解析】选D。考查介词辨析。句意:你觉得黄山之行怎么样?非常好!那里的风景给我留下了深刻印象。尤其是绿色的松树,在蓝天的映衬下看起来非常漂亮。against在句中意为“在背景之下”,译成“在的映衬下”,符合句意。,9. (2013南京模拟)The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _ the floors. People in it had no way out and were in panic. Aamong B. on C. between D. in 【解析】选C。考查介词辨析。句意:那栋高楼上的电梯出了故障,卡在了两层楼之间。电梯里的人没办法出来,他们都非常惊慌。根据句意,在两者之间,要用介词between, 而among表示“在三者或更多的人或事物中”,on表示“在表面上”;in表示“在范围内,在内部”。故选C。,10. (2013南京模拟)Some questions may come to you during the interview, but you canand shouldmake good preparations _. A. by design B. in advance C. in person D. by chance 【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:在面试期间你可能会遇到一些问题,但是你可以,你也应该事先做好准备。by design 故意地;in advance 事先,预先,提前;in person 亲自,本人;by chance 偶然,意外地。,11. (2013嘉兴模拟)When the wet season comes, the city government will warn its people _ constantly advertising the potential danger. A. of B. by C. against D. for 【解析】选B。考查介词搭配。句意:当雨季来临时,市政府就会通过不断公告可能存在的危险来提醒其民众。句中by doing. . . 表示方式,意为“通过做某事”,符合本句的句意。 【误区警示】此题由于思维定式影响,易误选A或C。warn sb. of/against sth. 警告某人提防某事。,12. I feel sure that _ qualification, ability and experience, you are absolutely suited to the position we have in mind. A. on account of B. in spite of C. in terms of D. by way of 【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意:我确信就条件、能力和经验而言,你绝对适合我们所考虑的职位。on account of 因为,由于;in spite of 不管,不顾;in terms of 就而言;by way of 经由,经过。根据句子语境,正确选项为C。,13. Lets call it a day._ where well get the funds, well talk about that later. A. In common with B. On behalf of C. In place of D. As to 【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意:我们今天就到这儿吧。至于我们将到哪里去筹集资金,我们以后再谈这件事。in common with 与有共同之处;on behalf of 代表,为了;in place of 代替;as to 关于,至于。故本题正确选项为D。,14. (2013宁波模拟)Mo Yans short novel Red Transparent Radish aims to criticize the influence of“cultural revolution” _ peoples life A. in B. on C. of D. to 【解析】选B。考查介词的搭配用法。句意:莫言的短篇小说透明的红萝卜旨在批评文化大革命对人民生活的影响。对的影响,经常用(have) an influence on, 故本题正确答案选B。,15. With some physical training in the morning,even after a couple of days,you will feel energetic,and _,you will benefit greatly from your perseverance. A. in a way B. on the other hand C. on the whole D. in the long term 【解析】选D。句意:早晨进行一些体育锻炼,在几天之后你都会感觉精力充沛,并且从长远而言,你会从你的毅力中受益匪浅。in a way 从某种意义上;on the other hand 在另一方面;on the whole从整体而言;in the long term 从长远而言,故本题正确选项为D。,- 配套讲稿:
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