k428-齿轮泵体零件的机械加工工艺及专用夹具设计【钻上端面6-M6孔 和 车底部G3-4孔】【CAD高清图纸和文档打包】
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北华航天工业学院毕业设计(论文)任务书(理工类)学生姓名: 于婷婷 专 业:机械设计制造及自动化 班 级: B13113 学 号:20134011329 指导教师: 丁红军 职 称: 讲师 完成时间: 2017.6 毕业设计(论文)题目:曲轴箱泵体的加工工艺规程及夹具设计题目来源教师科研课 题纵向课题()题目类型理论研究()注:请直接在所属项目括号内打“”横向课题()应用研究()教师自拟课题( )应用设计()学生自拟课题()其 他()总体设计要求及技术要点:1绘制零件图一张(要求计算机绘制平面及实体图)2工艺规程设计:机械加工工艺卡片一套1)拟定加工工艺路线,确定定位基准,加工方法,加工阶段,加工顺序等。2)编写加工工艺规程,有完整的工序及工步内容,绘制加工工序简图,确定检验方法,技术要求,机床及工艺装备。3)确定加工余量,进行必要的尺寸链计算。选择合适的刀量具,查表和计算切削用量(不少于10道工序)。3夹具设计:专用夹具2套 (不同工序种类的完整装配图,要求计算机绘制)1)要求定位正确、结构合理,尺寸完整,尺寸精度及技术要求合理,并具有较好的经济性和工艺性。2)拆画夹具的全部零件图(标准件除外)(至少1套),要求画图正确,合理标注加工尺寸、形状精度和位置精度,注明材料及热处理要求。说明:总设计图纸的图量之和原则上应不少于2.5张0号图纸。4编写设计说明书一份(约2030页)内容应包括:封皮、目录、前言、设计任务书、零件图分析、加工路线、机加工工艺规程分析与计算及补充说明,夹具定位方案和夹紧方案的选择和确定、定位误差分析与计算、夹具的操作说明、设计总结、参考文献、后记等。工作环境及技术条件:室内无特殊技术条件工作内容及最终成果:1. 绘制一张零件图2. 编制一套机械加工工序卡片,并按照表格中所涉及的内容详细设计;成果形式:机械加工工序卡片3. 根据工序内容选择不同种类工序设计2套专用夹具,并绘制夹具完整装配图及零件图; 成果形式:2套夹具装配图各一张;2套夹具全部零件图(标准件除外)。4. 编写设计说明书 成果形式:设计说明书 时间进度安排:12周 熟悉零件、对零件的结构工艺性和技术要求进行分析,并完成零件图;35周 完成零件工艺规程的设计,填写好相应的表格,并装订成册;6,1013周 完成两套夹具的设计并完成装配图;1314周 完成夹具拆零件工作并绘制零件图;15周 完成说明书、对所有的资料和设计结构进行最后检查;16周末 上交所有设计资料,准备答辩;16 周 答辩指导教师签字: 年 月 日教研室主任意见:教研室主任签字: 年 月 日 北华航天工业学院本科生毕业设计(论文)原创性及知识产权声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的毕业设计(论文) 是本人在指导教师的指导下,独立进行研究工作取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本设计(论文)不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品或成果。对本设计(论文)的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。因本毕业设计(论文)引起的法律结果完全由本人承担。本毕业设计(论文)成果归北华航天工业学院所有。本人遵循北华航天工业学院有关毕业设计(论文)的相关规定,提交毕业设计(论文)的印刷本和电子版本。本人同意北华航天工业学院有权保存毕业设计(论文)的印刷本和电子版,并提供目录检索与阅览服务;可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文;在不以营利为目的的前提下,可以公布非涉密毕业设计(论文)的部分或全部内容。特此声明毕业设计(论文)作者: 指导教师: 年 月 日 年 月 日 0 北华航天工业学院本科毕业设计(论文)成绩单姓 名于婷婷班 级B13113学 号20134011329入学时间2012.9系 别机电工程学院专 业机械设计制造及其自动化指 导教 师丁红军职 称讲师设计(论文)起止时间2017.2.202017.6.7设计(论文)题目 齿轮泵体()机械加工工艺及专用夹具设计 指导教师评语成绩1指导教师签名:年 月 日评阅验收小组评语成绩2评阅人签名:年 月 日答辩小组评语成绩3答辩小组负责人签名:年 月 日综合评定成绩系答辩委员会主任签字: 年 月 日注:综合评定成绩=成绩1*0.4+成绩2*0.2+成绩3*0.4 密 级分类号编 号成 绩本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题 Current mechanical design and development trend译 文 标 题当前机械设计概述及发展趋势作者所在系别机电工程学院作者所在专业机械设计制造及自动化作者所在班级B13113作 者 姓 名于婷婷作 者 学 号20134011329指导教师姓名丁红军指导教师职称讲师完 成 时 间2017年3月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题当前机械设计概述及发展趋势原文标题Mechanical design and development trend作 者Richard GBudynas& J Keith Niabell译 名理查德G巴基纳斯.J基斯.尼斯比特国 籍美国原文出处Mechanical Engineering Design当前机械设计概述及发展趋势 制造任何产品的第一步工作都是设计。机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它是一个广阔的工程技术领域,不仅要研究产品在尺寸、形状和详细结构等方面的基本构思,还要考虑产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的有关问题。 进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创新性,还必须在机械制图、运动学、动力学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺等方面具有深厚的基础知 识。 以材料的选择为例。近些年来,工程材料的选择已经显得非常重要。此外,选择过程应该是一个对材料的连续不断的重新评价过程。新材料不断出现,而一些原有的材料的可以被利用的数量可能会减少。环境污染、材料的回收利用、工人的健康及安全等方面经常会对材料选择附加新的限制条件。为了减轻重量或者节约能源,可能会要求使用不同的材料。来自国内和国际的竞争、对产品维修保养方便性要求的提高和顾客的反馈等方面的压力,都会促使人们对材料进行重新评价。由于材料选用不当造成的产品责任诉讼,已经产生了深刻的影响。此外,材料与材料加工之间的相互依赖关系已经被人们认识得更清楚。新的加工方法的出现,通常会促使人们对被加工材料进行重新评价。因此,为了能在合理的成本和确保质量的前提下获得满意的结果,设计工程师和制造工程师都必须认真仔细地选择、确定和使用材料。 在机械加工方面,铣削和磨削加工是设计人员经常要考虑的机械加工方法。除了车削和钻削,铣削无疑是应用最广泛的金属切削方法。铣削非常适合于而且也易于应用在任何数量的零件的经济生产中。在产品制造过程中,许许多多种类的铣削加工是值得设计人员认真考虑和选择的。 磨削是一种应用最广泛的零件精加工方法,用来获得非常小的公差和非常低的表面粗糙度。目前,几乎存在着适合于各种磨削工序的磨床。零件的设计特征在很大程度上决定了需要采用的磨床的种类。当加工成本太高时,就值得对零件进行重新设计,使其能够通过采用即便宜又具有高生产率的磨削方法加工出来。例如,在有可能的时候,可以通过对零件的适当设计,尽量用无心磨削加工,以获取经济效益。 尽管通常认为磨削适用于精加工工序,对那些适合于采用磨削来完成粗、精加工工序的工件,也经常采用磨削方法完成全部加工作,而不采用车削或其他加工方法,因此,许多种类的锻件和其他零件,可以采用磨削的的方法完成其从毛坯到成品的全部加工,这可以显著地节约时间和费用。此外,对特种加工工艺的运用,也将使设计工作变得更大胆和具有创新性。在目前采用的常规工艺中,材料的去除是依赖于电动机和硬的刀具材料进行的,诸如锯断、钻孔和拉削。常规的成型加工时利用电动机、液压和重力所提供的能量进行的。同样,材料连接的常规做法是采用诸如燃烧的气体和电弧等热能进行的。与之相比,特种加工工艺采用按照以前的标准来说不是常规的能源。现在材料的去除可以利用电化学反应、高温等离子、高速液体和磨料射流。过去非常难进行成型加工的材料,现在可以利用大功率的电火花所产生的磁场,爆炸和冲击泼进行成型加工。采用高频声波和电子束可以使材料的联接能力有很大的提高。 在过去的50年间,人们发明了20多种特种加工工艺,并且将其成功的应用于生产之中。这么多特种加工工艺存在的原因与许多种常规加工工艺存在的原因是一样的。每一种工艺都有它自己的特点和局限性。因而,不存在一种对任何只在环境来说都是最好的工艺方法。 采用特种加工工艺或者可以通过增加重复精度,减少已损坏工件在加工过程中的损伤,或者减少对工件性能的有害影响来减少采用原来加工工艺产生的废品数量。 如前面所述,机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科学知识本身并不一定能给人带来益处,只有当它们被用在产品上才能产生效益。因而,应该认识到在一个特定产品进行设计之前,必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。 应当把机械设计看成是设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制订产品的制造工艺的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定。另一方面,应该认真精确的进行所有运算。 一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法,而且愿意承担一定的风险,当新的方法不适用时,就恢复采用原来的方法。因此,设计人员必须要有耐心,因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证成功。一个全新的设计,要求抛弃许多陈旧的,为人们所知的方法。由于许多人易于墨守成规,这样做并不是一件容易的事情。一位设计工程师应该不断地探索改进现有产品的办法,在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理,将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。 在设计的初始阶段,应该允许设计人员不受各种约束,充分发挥创造性。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法,也会在设计的早期,即绘制生产图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样,才不至于堵塞创新的思路。通常要提出几套设计方案,然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中,采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。 另一个应该认识到的重要问题是,设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和沟通。在开始阶段,设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和沟通,并得到批准。这一般式通过口头讨论,草图和文字材料进行的。为了有效地进行交流,需要解决一些问题:(1)所要设计的这个产品是否真正为人们所需要(2)此产品与其他公司的现有同类产品相比有无竞争力(3)生产这种产品是否经济(4)产品的维修是否方便(5)产品有无销路是否可以盈利。 另外,对于许多产品的制造管理人员来说,机电一体化具有如下一些优点:(1) 主要设备的利用率提高,机电一体化系统中的一组机器的总产量,通常可以达到同类型机器单独工作环境下产量的三倍。(2) 减少了主要设备的费用,机电一体化系统中,因为设备的利用率高,所以用更少的机床就可以完成传统生产系统中的工作量。(3) 减少了直接劳动力费用,由于每一台机器都完全在计算机控制下运行,所以就不需要进行全程监视。(4) 减少了在制工件的库存和时间差距,机电一体化系统与传统车间相比,在制工件数明显减少。(5) 对改变生产需求的响应,一个机电一体化系统固有的灵活性使其能生产不同的产品,这些不同的产品是由于市场需求的改变或工艺设计的变化而提出的。(6) 有维持生产的能力,当一台或多台机床出故障时,设计许多机电一体化系统来合理地降低加工精度等级。(7) 提高产品质量。有时候,与一个还没有组成协作系统的机床比较时,机电一体化系统的一个优点被忽视了,那就是它能改善产品的质量。(8) 操作的灵活性,操作的灵活性使生产力明显提高。(9) 生产能力的灵活性,由于对可利用的占地面积,做了正确的计划,一个机电一体化系统最初可为低产量而设计,也可以提供需要的附加生产力。 只有时间才能对上述问题给出正确的答案。但是,产品的设计、制造和销售只能在对上述问题的初步肯定答案的基础上进行。设计工程师还应该通过零件图和装配图,与制造部门一起对最终设计方案进行沟通。 通常,在制造过程中会出现某个问题。可能会要求对某个零件尺寸或公差做一些改进,使零件更容易生产。但是,工程上的更改必须要经过设计人员批准,以保证不会损伤产品的功能。有时,在产品的装配时或者装箱外运前的实验中才发现设计中的某种缺陷。这些事例恰好说明了设计室一个动态过程。总是存在着更好的方法来完成设计工作,设计人员应该不断努力,寻找这些更好的方法。 一个有能力的工程师不应该害怕再提出自己的方案时遭到失败的可能性。事实上,偶然失败是肯定会发生的,因为每一个真正有创意的设想似乎总是有失败或者批评伴随着它。从一次失败中可以学到很多东西,只有不怕遭受失败的人们才能够取得最大的收获。总之不把方案提交出来,才是真正的失败。 随着科学技术的发展,产品功能要求的增加,特别是产品的复杂性增加,更新换代速度加快致使寿命期缩短,对产品的设计,尤其是机械产品方案的设计要求越来越高。 现代设计的特点是面向市场和用户的设计,现代设计不仅要实现产品的基本功能,更应体现人性化和环境保护的设计理念。下面就机械产品的现代设计方法以及机械设计技术的发展趋势加以论述。一、机械产品的现代设计方法1、智能化 智能化设计方法的主要特点是:根据设计方法学理论,借助于三维图形软件、智能化设计软件和虚拟现实技术,以及多媒体等工具进行产品的开发设计、表达产品的构思、描述产品的结构。2、系统化 系统化设计方法的主要特点是:将设计看成由若干个设计要素组成的一个系统,每个设计要素既具有独立性又存在着有机的联系,并具有层次性,所有的设计要素结合后,即可实现设计系统所需完成的任务。3、模块化 模块化设计方法的主要特点是:视具有某种功能的实现为一个结构模块,通过结构模块的组合,实现产品的方案设计。4、基于产品特征知识 基于产品特征知识设计方法的主要特点是:用计算机能够识别的语言描述产品的特征及其设计领域专家的知识和经验,建立相应的知识库及推理机,再利用已存储的领域知识和建立的推理机实现产品的方案设计。二、机械设计技术的发展趋势1、优良性能设计技术 优良性能设计是以提高机械产品综合性能为目的的设计技术,在对机械及其零件进行材料、结构和尺寸设计的前提下,运用摩擦学及断裂力学等一系列科研成果,从个体设计到系统设计,并从深度和广度上拓展此项设计技术的内涵和外延。优良性能设计技术包括以下几种设计技术:可靠性设计、系统动态设计、防疲劳断裂设计、摩擦学设计、防腐蚀设计、状态监测补偿与控制技术等等。这是综合众多学科成果以提高产品优良性能为出发点的一门应用工程技术。它研究的问题是:产品和系统的故障原因、消除和预防等问题;对结构动态特性,如固有频率、振型、动态响应、运动稳定性等进行分析、评价与设计,以谋求结构系统在工作过程中受到各种预期可能的瞬变载荷及环境作用时,仍然保持良好的动态性能与工作状态,并具有足够的稳定性;产品的防腐蚀结构、强度及方法设计,材料的选择及其加工制造工艺的制订,设备预期寿命概率和可靠性分析等;对机械产品在运行状态下各种参数进行定量检测和分析,从而作出故障产生原因和部位的正确判断等等问题。2、竞争优势创建设计技术 竞争机制和供求关系是市场经济的两大特点,在市场经济体制下要求生产设计人员要用新观点、新原理和新功能来设计不断满足顾客需要的新产品,使企业在激烈竞争中始终处于不败之地。 竞争优势创建设计技术包括以下几种设计技术:产品创新设计、降低成本设计、快速设计、仿真与虚拟设计、智能设计、广义优化设计、造型色彩设计。它研究的问题是:产品的不断更新;在保证功能和质量的前提下,通过降低成本来提高产品经济性以加强竞争优势;缩短产品开发周期使产品投放市场的时间来提高产品竞争力;利用计算机仿真技术和计算机虚拟现实系统建立实际或联想的系统模型,并在不同条件下,对模型进行动态运行;使用智能 ICAD系统既具有数值计算和图形处理能力,又具有知识处理能力,对设计的全过程提供智能化的计算机支持;构思与表达由计算机辅助设计效果图及电子模型和由快速成型方式完成精确效果模型。3、全寿命周期设计技术 设计产品时不仅要考虑产品的功能和结构,而且要设计产品的全寿命周期,即要设计产品的规划、设计、制造、营销、运行、使用、维修保养,直到回收再处置的全过程。全寿命周期设计意味着:在设计阶段就要考虑到产品生命历程的所有环节,以求产品全寿命周期设计的综合优化。 全寿命周期设计技术包括以下三种设计技术:并行设计、面向制造的新技术、产品数据管理技术。它研究的问题是:在产品开发的初始阶段,即规划和设计阶段,就以并行的方式综合考虑其生命周期中所有后续阶段,包括工艺规划、制造、装配、试验、检验、营销、运输、使用、维修、保养,直至回收处置等环节,降低产品成本,提高产品质量;根据制造方法全面评价和及时改进产品设计,可以得到综合目标较优的设计方案,并可争取产品设计和制造的一次成功;管理在产品生命链各环节中产生的或者所需要的大量数据和信息,包括工程规范、文档、图纸、CAE/CAD/CAM 文件、产品结构模型、产品设计结果、产品订单、供应商状况以及产品工作流程等,做到将正确的数据或信息在适当时间传递到正确的位置或传递给相应的人,这是产品全寿命周期数据管理技术研究的根本内容。4、绿色产品设计技术 绿色产品设计技术是在产品生命周期中,按符合环境保护、资源利用率最高、能源消耗最低的要求进行设计的技术。 它包括以下几种技术:面向环境设计、面向能源设计、面向材料设计、人机工程设计等。它研究的问题是:在产品整个生命周期内,考虑产品的环境属性即可拆性、可回收性、可维护性、可重复利用性和人身健康及安全性等,并将其作为设计目标,使产品满足环境目标的要求;用对环境影响最小和资源消耗最少的能源供给方式来支持产品的整个生命周期,并以最小的代价来获得能量的可靠回收和重新利用;合理选用材料,在产品整个寿命周期中的每一阶段,以材料对环境的影响有效利用作为控制目标;依据人的心理和生理特征,利用科学技术成果和数据设计技术系统,使之符合人的使用要求,改善环境和优化人机系统,随之达到最佳配合,以最小的劳动代价换取最大的经济成果。 随着微电子技术、信息技术、网络技术等迅猛发展,现代设计技术不断与机械设计技术相结合。计算机技术的发展,给现代机械设计注入了新的生机和活力,机械设计逐渐向数字化、网络化方向发展。不同专业的技术人员可以不受地域的限制,实现信息的交流和共享,进而快速开发出所需产品,提高产品设计的一次成功率。Mechanical design and development trend The first step in the manufacture of any product is design. Mechanical design is the application of science and technology to devise new or improved products for the purpose of satisfying human needs. It is a vast field of engineering technology which not only concerns itself with the original conception of the product in terms of its size, shape and construction details, but also considers the various factors involved in the manufacture ,marketing and use of the product. People who perform the various functions of machine design are typically called designers, or design engineers. Mechanical design is a creative activity. However, in addition to being innovative, a design engineer must also have a solid background in the areas of mechanical drawing, kinematics, dynamics, materials engineering, strength of materials and manufacturing processes. Here we take the selection of materials as an example. During recent years the selection of engineering materials has assumed great importance. Moreover, the process should be one of continual reevaluation. New materials often become available and there may be a decreasing availability of others. Concerns regarding environment pollution, recycling and worker health and safety often impose new constraints. The desire for weight reduction or energy savings may dictate the use of different materials. Pressures from domestic and international competition, increased serviceability requirements, and customer feedback may all promote materials reevaluation. The extent of product liability actions, often the result of improper material use, has had a marked impact. In addition, the interdependence between material and their processing has become better recognized. The development of new processes often forces reevaluation of the material being processed. Therefore, it is imperative that design and manufacturing engineers exercise considerable care in selecting, specifying, and utilizing materials if they are to achieve satisfactory results at reasonable cost and still assure quality. In mechanics processing,milling and grinding are always under the consideration of the designers. With the exceptions of turning and drilling, milling is undoubtedly the most widely used method of removing metal. Well suited and readily adapted to the economical production of any quantity of parts, the almost unlimited versatility of the milling process merits the attention and consideration of designers seriously concerned with the manufacture of their product. Grinding is one of the most widely used methods of finishing parts to extremely close tolerances and low surface roughness. Currently, there are grinders for almost every type of grinding operation. Particular design features of a part dictate to a large degree the type of grinding machine required. Where processing costs are excessive, parts redesigned to utilize a less expensive, higher output grinding method may be well worthwhile. For example, wherever possible the production economy of center less grinding should be taken advantage of by proper design consideration. Although grinding is usually considered a finishing operation, it is often employed as a complete machining process on work which can be ground down form rough condition without being turned or otherwise machined. Thus many types of forgings and other parts are finished completely with the grinding wheel at appreciable savings of time and expense. Besides, the application of nontraditional manufacturing processes will bring more bold and innovative design. The conventional manufacturing processes in use today for material removal primarily rely on electric motors and hard tool materials to perform tasks such as sawing, drilling, and broaching. Conventional forming operations are performed with the energy from electric motors, hydraulics, and gravity. Likewise, material joining is conventionally accomplished with thermal energy sources such as burning gases and electric arcs. In contrast, nontraditional manufacturing processes harness energy sources considered unconventional by yesterdays standards. Material removal can now be accomplished with electrochemical reactions, high-velocity jets of liquids and abrasives. Materials that in the past have been extremely difficult to form, are now formed with magnetic fields, explosives, and the shock waves from powerful electric sparks. Material-joining capabilities have been expanded with the use of high-frequency sound waves and beams of electrons. In the past 50 years, over 20 different nontraditional manufacturing processes have been invented and successfully implemented into production. The reason there are such a large number of nontraditional processes is the same reason there are such a large number of conventional processes ; each process has its own characteristic attributes and limitations, hence no one process is best for all manufacturing situations. In other cases, nontraditional processes are used to reduce the number of rejects experienced by the old manufacturing method by increasing repeatability, reducing in-process breakage of fragile work pieces, or by minimizing detrimental effects on work piece properties. As stated previously, the purpose of mechanical design is to produce a product which will serve a need for man. Inventions, discovery and scientific knowledge by themselves do not necessarily benefit people; only if they are incorporated into a designed product will a benefit be derived. It should be recognized, therefore, that a human need must be identified before a particular product is designed. Mechanical design should be considered to be an opportunity to use innovative talents to envision a design of a product, to analyze the system and then make sound judgments on how the product is to be manufactured. It is important to understand the fundamentals of engineering rather than memorize mere facts and equations. There are no facts or equations which alone can be used to provide all the correct decisions required to produce a good design. On the other hand, any calculations made must be done with the utmost care and precision. Good design require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expended. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated. During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. Even though many impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy to eliminate them in the early stages of design before firm details are required by manufacturing. In this way, innovative ideas are not inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is developed, up to the point where they can be compared against each other. It is entirely possible that the design which is ultimately accepted will use ideas existing in one of the rejected designs that did not show as much overall promise. Another important point which should be recognized is that a design engineer must be able to communicate ideas to other people if they are to be incorporated. Initially, the designer must communicate a preliminary design to get management approval. This is usually done by verbal discussions in conjunction with drawing layouts and written material. To communicate effectively, the following questions must be answered :(1) Does the design really serve a human need(2) Will it be competitive with existing products of rival companies(3) Is it economical to produce(4) Can it be readily maintained(5)Will it sell and make a profit. Besides, for the producers and administrative personnel of the products, mechatronics has many advantages as follows:(1) High Capital Equipment Utilization Typically, the throughput for a set of machines in a mechatronics system will be up to three times that for the same machines in a stand-alone job shop environment. (2) Reduced Capital Equipment Costs, the high utilization of equipment results in the need for fewer machines in the mechatronic system to do the same work as in a conventional system. (3) Reduced Direct Labor Costs ,Since each machine is completely under computer control, full-time oversight is not required. (4) Reduced Work-in-Process Inventory and Lead Time , The reduction of work-in-process in a is quite dramatic when compared to a job-shop environment. (5) Responsiveness to Changing Production Requirements ,A mechatronic system has the inherent flexibility to manufacture different products as the demands of the marketplace change or as engineering design changes are introduced.(6) Ability to Maintain Production , Many mechatronic systems are designed to degrade rationally when one or more machines fail. (7) High Product Quality , Sometimes, an over looked advantage of a mechatronic system especially when compared to machines that have not been federated into a cooperative system, is improved product quality. (8) Operational Flexibility, Operational flexibility offers a significant of productivity. (9) Capacity Flexibility, With reasonable planning for available floor, a mechatronic system initially can be designed for low production, and provide necessary additional productivity as well. Only time will provide the true answers to the preceding questions, but the product should be designed, manufactured and marked only with initial affirmative answers. The design engineer also must communicate the finalized design to manufacturing through the use of detail and assembly drawings. Quite often, a problem will occur during the manufacturing cycle. It may be that a change is required in the dimensioning or tolerance of part so that it can be more readily produced. This falls in the category of engineering changes which must be approved by the design engineer so that the product function will not be adversely affected. In other cases, a deficiency in the design may appear during assembly or testing just prior to shipping. These realities simply bear out the fact that design is a living process. There is always a better way to do it and the designer should constantly strive towards finding that better way. The competent engineer should not be afraid of the possibility of not succeeding in a presentation. In fact, occasional failure should be expected because failure or criticism seems to accompany every really creative idea. There is a great deal to be learned form a failure and the greatest gains are obtained by those willing to risk defeat. In the final analysis, the real failure would lie in deciding not to make the presentation at all. With the development of science and technology, increase product functional requirements, especially the increasing complexity of products, upgrading speed in life is shortened, the design of products, especially for mechanical product design scheme is more and more high. The characteristics of modern design is the design for the market and users, not only to achieve the basic functions of modern design products, should embody the humanized design concept and environmental protection. The development trend of the modern design method of machinery and mechanical design technology are discussed.一,Modern design method of mechanical products1, Intelligent The main characteristics of intelligent design method is: according to the design theory, with the help of 3D graphics software, intelligent design software and virtual reality technology, design and development of products and multimedia tools such as the expression of the product concept, structure description of the product.2, Systematic The main characteristics of the design method of the system is: the design as a system composed of several design elements, each design elements of both independent and are closely related to, and has the hierarchy, with all the design elements, design system can achieve the required tasks.3, Modular The main features of the modular design method are as follows: the realization of a certain function as a structural module, through the combination of structural modules, to achieve product design4, Based on product feature knowledge The main characteristics of the product design method based on the characteristics of knowledge are: using computer to describe the characteristics and design experts in the field of product knowledge and experience to identify the language knowledge base and establish the corresponding reasoningmachine to use the storage areas have established knowledge and reasoning machine design and Realization of product solutions.二, The development trend of mechanical design technology1, Excellent performance design technology Excellent performance design is a design technology to improve the comprehensive performance of mechanical products, the materials of machinery and parts, structure and size of the design under the premise of the tribology and fracture mechanics and a series of research results, from the individual design to system design, and expand the connotation and extension of this design technology in depth and breadth the. Excellent performance design technology includes the foll
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