釜山四矿3.00Mta新井设计【含CAD图纸+文档】
釜山四矿3.00Mta新井设计【含CAD图纸+文档】,含CAD图纸+文档,釜山,mta,设计,cad,图纸,文档
XXX大学本科毕业设计(论文)学生诚信承诺保证书本人郑重承诺:釜山四矿3.00Mt/a新井设计毕业设计(论文)的内容真实、可靠,系本人在 指导教师的指导下,独立完成。如果存在弄虚作假、抄袭的情况,本人承担全部责任。学生签名:20XX年 6 月 8 日XXX大学本科毕业设计(论文)指导教师诚信承诺保证书本人郑重承诺:我已按学校相关规定对 同学的毕业设计(论文)的选题与内容进行了指导和审核,确认由该生独立完成。如果存在弄虚作假、抄袭的情况,本人承担指导教师相关责任。指导教师签名:年 月 日中文题目:釜山四矿3.0Mt/a新井初步设计外文题目:THE NEW SHAFT DESIGN OF FUSHAN NO.4 MINE (3.0MT/A)附录A煤与瓦斯突出防治研究现状及其发展摘要煤与瓦斯突出,是煤矿井下极为复杂的瓦斯动力现象,是煤矿严重的灾害之一。我国是世界上发生煤与瓦斯突出最为严重的国家,突出矿井多,分布范围大,突出次数多,突出频率高,始突深度浅,突出类型全,突出强度大,突出瓦斯大。但因煤与瓦斯突出的机理至今尚未完全认清,故没有一个国家能完全杜绝突出事故的发生。(1)本文首先从煤与瓦斯突出的原理出发,分析其形成机理,然后做出相应的防治措施并对其现状及其发展做出预测。(2)防治措施分为现场预测和区域预测,现场预测又分为预测和防治两大方面,区域预测又分为打钻泄压和抽瓦斯泄压,以及开采解放层。(3)总结中国煤矿煤与瓦斯突出防治的对策。(4)煤与瓦斯突出防治技术的发展与展望1 绪论1.1概述矿井瓦斯是成煤过程中的一种伴生气体,从狭义上讲应该是甲烷(CH4),赋存在煤的分子团或在煤的裂隙中,在煤矿生产过程中,由于不断地从煤体中游离出来,进入井下生产空间,与其他有害气体混合,如CO2、 N2、 H2S、 CO、 H2、 SO2等,形成一种混合气体俗称瓦斯。甲烷是无色、无味、无臭、可以燃烧和爆炸的气体,它对人呼吸的影响同氮气相似,即它的存在降低了空气中氧气的浓度,能造成人员窒息。甲烷的化学性质不活泼,微溶于水。在煤矿井下它容易积存在巷道顶板、顶板空洞或无风的盲巷内。2 煤与瓦斯突出原理2.1突出的定义在地应力和瓦斯的共同作用下,破碎的煤(岩)和瓦斯由煤(岩)体内向采掘空间喷出的现象,称为煤(岩)与瓦斯突出,简称突出。2.2煤与瓦斯突出的分类(一)按突出现象的力学特征分类1.煤与瓦斯(或二氧化碳)突出(简称突出)2.煤突然压出并强烈涌出瓦斯(简称压出)3.煤突然倾出并强烈涌出瓦斯(简称倾出)(二)按突出的强度进行分类1.小型突出:突出煤(岩)量50t;2.中型突出:突出煤(岩)量 5099 t3.次大型突出:突出煤(岩)量 100499t4.大型突出:突出煤(岩)量 500999t5.特大型突出:突出煤(岩)量1000t。(三)煤层或区域突出危险程度的分类实践证明,各类煤层与煤层内各区域的突出危险程度是不同的。为了满足安全生产的管理上得需要,应对矿井和煤层或区域的突出危险程度进行分类。2.3煤与瓦斯突出的防治措施(一)保护层开采防治煤与瓦斯突出保护层的超前开采,使上、下地层产生强烈拉张破坏,原来的挤压应力变成了拉张应力;上覆煤岩层垮落、破裂、下沉弯曲或者下伏煤(岩)层的破裂、上鼓,使得煤(岩)层的大量裂隙张开,地应力大范围的有效释放,无论是构造对瓦斯的封闭,还是地应力对瓦斯的封闭作用都会被释放,被保护层的透气性系数成数百倍甚至数千倍的增大,瓦斯压力会急剧下降,大量的吸附瓦斯被解吸,因此,被保护层突出危险性得到降低甚至消除。(二)水力掏槽法水力掏槽技术实质就是在(采)掘进工作面无人的情况下,利用高压射流在较短时间内破坏煤体、释放大量瓦斯、改善煤体应力状态。煤体的破坏首先是高能量的高压射流破碎煤体,形成直径较小的槽孔;然后在煤体瓦斯压力梯度和射流残余能量反射的作用下破碎孔周围的煤体,形成大直径的槽孔;而槽孔上部煤体由于稳定状态被破坏,在水力和重力的作用下充分垮落,形成近似矩形槽硐。煤体在掏槽期间是渐进的被破碎,煤体的应力和瓦斯潜能也是渐进的释放,掏槽过程中排出了大量瓦斯和一定数量的煤炭,因此在煤体中形成一定的卸压、排放瓦斯区域,在这个区域内,破坏了突出发生的基本条件,防突效果显著。与其他措施相比,该措施工艺简单,施工安全,掘进工作面前方煤体中激发突出的应力得到消除,煤体中的瓦斯得到充分释放。(三)边抽边掘技术防治煤与瓦斯突出通过实施排放瓦斯钻孔,抽放瓦斯,以达到消除突出危险、保证工作面安全有效。首先,采取抽放措施后,煤体的瓦斯压力得到充分释放,地应力也显著降低,即通过降低发生瓦斯突出的地应力和瓦斯压力来消除煤与瓦斯突出危险;其次,通过抽放,使煤体的物理力学性质得到改变,应力集中带前移,增加了迎头前方煤体的卸压带宽度和透气性,降低了发生突出的动力,即瓦斯压力和地应力;再者,通过长钻孔抽放可减少由煤体涌入巷道空间的瓦斯,降低风排瓦斯量。3 煤与瓦斯突出的预测3.1现场预测现场预测分为预测和防治两部分,两者相辅相成互相照应。3.2 区域预测(一)煤与瓦斯突出局部防治措施1.煤层水力松动水力松动的实质是在回采工作而或准备巷道工作而施工钻孔,通过钻孔向煤层压入特殊的水溶液,通过水对煤体结构的破坏作用改变工作而附近煤层的瓦斯动力状态和应力应变状态。当向煤层以水力压裂方式注入水溶液时,液体在压力的作用下通过裂隙渗入煤层,形成的裂隙大多平行煤层暴露面。进行水力松动是在工作而附近煤层形成裂隙,导致煤层失去支撑能力,引起集中应力带向煤体深部转移。山于煤层失去支撑能力,在工作而附近形成卸压带,同时伴有瓦斯向外排放。2.超前钻孔在煤巷掘进工作而的前方,打自径为75300mm的钻孔,排放瓦斯,并在钻孔周围形成卸压带,以防比发生突出。一般钻孔深1520m。超前钻孔常用于煤层较厚、赋质较软、透气性较好的情况下。对于煤层较硬,可以与微差控制爆破结合使用。3.煤层的水力爆破处理水力爆破可以理解为炸药在充水钻孔中的爆破。煤层的水力爆破处理可以与煤层预先注水一起进行,或小注水。在煤层水力爆破处理时,通过煤的松动和山此引起的工作而附近煤层应力重新分布和瓦斯排放,达到防止煤与瓦斯突出的作用,所以煤层爆破作用参数应保证煤必需的松动程度和卸压排放结果。采用以煤体水力爆破处理为基础的措施,与打孔有密切关系,同时打钻可能引起煤与瓦斯突出。当打直径60mm以下的钻孔时,煤与瓦斯突出的概率很小,所以煤体水力爆破处理时,钻孔直径应限制在60mm以下。4.“四位一体”综合防突技术 “四位一体”综合防突技术充分考虑了美誉外的复杂性和小确定性,本着以人身安全为主、防止突出事故发生、避免防突工作的自目性、减少人力和财力的浪费、提高突出矿井生产效率的目的,把防突工作分为4个环节,即突出预测、防突措施、措施效果检验和安全防护措施。(二)开采解放层开采解放层,在国内外都被认为是最有效的防止煤与瓦斯突出,提高矿井瓦斯抽放率的一种店本措施。我局在开采了解放层之后,也取得同样的效果。下面是我们在大河边向斜的大河边煤矿,小河边向斜的老鹰山煤矿的考察结果。本文所考察的数据,是在下列试验条件下取得。(三)矿井瓦斯抽放 解放层开采以后,(即邻近层)的瓦斯,如果不抽放被解放层则卸压瓦斯会大量涌向解放层工作面,从而造成生产时的不安全因素,故必须抽放瓦斯。(四)打钻泄压预抽瓦斯的钻孔打穿煤层后,孔壁附近裂隙增多,煤体中的瓦斯在瓦斯压力和钻孔空间的压力差作用下,游离瓦斯直接涌入钻孔,吸附瓦斯由于原平衡状态被破坏而解吸,随之涌入钻孔,并在抽放负压的作用下,被抽入抽放管路。随着抽放时间的增长.钻孔的作用半径不断增大。钻孔的作用半径,理论上有一极限值。但需很长时间才能达到。实际所选用的钻孔作用半径远小于所谓的“极限值”,通常只有数米。预抽后,煤层中的瓦斯压力和含量呈不均匀分布,都是在钻孔壁附近最低,随距钻孔距离的增加而增大。这一点与被解放层中的瓦斯压力和含量的分布状态显然是不同的。4 中国煤矿煤与瓦斯突出防治的对策中国是目前世界上煤与瓦斯突出灾害最严重的国家.据统计,从1950年吉林省辽源矿务局富国西二坑在垂深280 m煤巷掘进发生第一次有记载突出以来,到1995年底,国有重点煤矿中先后有138个矿井发生了10 815次煤与瓦斯突出,死亡1 266人.在10 521次有突出煤量记录的煤与瓦斯突出中,共突出煤炭81. 58万t,平均突出强度为77. 5t/次。在有瓦斯量记录的4 675次煤与瓦斯突出中,共突出瓦斯量6 798. 3万m3,平均每次突出瓦斯量1. 45万m3。强度最大的一次突出是1970年3月10日发生在天府司矿务局三汇坝一矿主平洞石门揭煤(垂深412 m),突出煤量12 780 t,突出瓦斯量140万m3,粉煤喷出最远达1 100 m。1969年4月25日南桐矿务局鱼川堡煤矿+150 m水平1406大巷发生了突出瓦斯量最大的突出,突出煤量5 000 t,突出瓦斯量350万m; 1975年6月13日吉林营城五井在垂深439 m处全岩掘进巷道放炮时发生了第一次砂岩与CO2突出,突出砂岩1 005 t,突出CO2 1. 1万吨。强度最大的一次立井突出是2006年1月5日淮南司矿业集团望峰岗司矿主井揭穿C13煤层(垂深956 m),突出煤量2 831 t,突出瓦斯量29. 3万m3。突出煤量在直径8.8m的井筒内堆积约48 m。据统计,自1950到1980年的30a中,中国突出司矿井数量由1个增加到205个,每年发生煤与瓦斯突出次数从2次增加到1 151次。之后随着防突措施的加强,煤与瓦斯突出次数下降,上世纪80年代全国每年煤与瓦斯突出次数基本控制500 600次。自从1988年原煤炭部颁布执行防治煤与瓦斯突出细则(1995年重新修订)以来,在煤与瓦斯突出司矿井全面推行“四位一体”综合防突措施,防突工作成效明显,全国发生煤与瓦斯突出的次数在逐年持续减少,尤其在1992年后的4a中,国有重点矿年均突出控制在300次以内,平均为252次/a,比发生突出次数最多的1980年降低了60%。此外,1988- 1995年,全国国有煤矿每年的突出煤炭总量也基本呈降低趋势,到1994年达到了20 a来的最低水平.突出死亡人数有较大幅度的减少,国有重点矿一般控制在50人/a以下。但自2000年以来,随着国民经济的快速增长,带动了煤炭企业的复苏和煤炭产量的快速增长,煤炭产量由2000年9. 9亿t增加到2006年的23. 5亿t, 6年增加了124.7% .随着煤炭开采强度的增加,开采深度不断增大,开采地质条件复杂,以及采用新工艺、新设备带来的技术新问题,各矿区的突出危险越来越严重,加之科研与管理滑坡等原因,使得各类煤矿煤与瓦斯突出对安全生产的威胁不断增加。 1998- 2004年国有重点煤矿煤与瓦斯突出次数分布统计。2000- 2004年,全国国有煤矿共发生煤与瓦斯突出815起,其中伤亡事故185起,共造成760人死亡,其中一次死亡10人以上的突出事故共发生12起,死亡334人。2006年全国煤炭产量构成如下,国有重点煤矿产量11. 25亿t,占48. 4%;国有地方煤矿产量3. 09亿t,占13. 3%;乡镇煤矿产量8. 92亿t,占38.3%.全国现有各类煤矿约2. 8万处,其中45户重点监控国有煤矿企业有415处,其他国有重点煤矿322处;地方国有煤矿2 176处;乡镇煤矿2. 45万处。乡镇煤矿井型小,数量大,技术力量薄弱。湖南、贵州、云南、重庆、河南、四川等省(市)乡镇煤矿煤与瓦斯司矿井(一些司矿井虽然发生了煤与瓦斯突出,但没有升级为煤与瓦斯突出司矿井)突出灾害严重,已经成为煤与瓦斯突出事故多发的地区。通过以上情况的调查与分析,我们认为中国煤矿煤与瓦斯突出灾害形式比较严峻,防突工作任务十分艰巨。 对防治煤与瓦斯突出工作的建议:1)加强煤矿安全监管、监察力度各级地方政府及有关行业管理、安全管理部门各煤矿安全监察机构,对煤与瓦斯突出矿井和突出灾害防治工作,要加强管理加强监督、加强指导。针对乡镇煤矿煤与瓦斯突出存在的技术和管理薄弱环节,开展专项安全检查和整改。有效地制止突出矿井不实施“四位一体”综合防突措施、有动力现象而不申请鉴定行为,督促企业做好防突工作,及时消除突出事故隐患。2)提高乡镇煤矿煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全准入条件,国家应抓紧制定乡镇煤矿煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全生产基本条件行业标准,并贯彻实施.在该标准中不但应规定乡镇煤矿煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全生产的技术条件,而且应规定安全生产的技术人员条件。对达不到煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全生产基本条件的乡镇煤矿应限期整改,逾期达还不到条件的矿井应坚决予以关闭。3)加强煤与瓦斯突出严重矿井的跟踪监察 建立煤与瓦斯突出严重矿井跟踪监察制度,对于煤与瓦斯突出严重矿井,特别是发生过千吨级以上特大型突出的矿井实行跟踪监察,重点监察这些矿井的瓦斯灾害综合治理规划、瓦斯抽采设计、瓦斯抽采效果、突出防治基本工程到位情况和“四位一体”综合防突措施的执行情况。 4)加强煤与瓦斯突出矿井的基础管理工作 要从矿井防突技术卡片的填报做起,建立统一、规范的煤与瓦斯突出资料统计上报制度,委托国家煤矿安全监察局授权单位每年开展一次煤与瓦斯突出防治工作专题研究,不断推动矿井突出防治工作,同时为国家煤矿安全监察工作提供必要的技术支撑。5)加强煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全培训工作建议由国家煤矿安全监察局组织,成立“煤与瓦斯突出矿井技术人员和主要负责人技术培训工作”领导小组,负责培训技术指导、组织培训计划的制修订、培训教材的编写工作、制定培训考核和发证要求.委托煤矿瓦斯防治理论与技术研究力量雄厚的高校承办培训工作,由国家煤矿安全监察局负责培训的考核工作,对考核合格者发放培训合格证书,该合格证书将做为煤与瓦斯突出矿井上岗的必备条件。6)加快煤与瓦斯突出防治相关技术标准的制(修)订工作应尽快修订煤矿安全规程和防治煤与瓦斯突出细则中的相关条文,抓紧制(修)定与之相配套的煤与瓦斯突出防治相关技术标准,如保护层开采技术规范,突出煤层穿层钻孔预抽煤层瓦斯技术规范,突出煤层顺层钻孔预抽煤层瓦斯技术规范等,并加强标准的宣贯工作,尽快使煤与瓦斯突出矿井防突工作程序化和制度化.7)加强煤与瓦斯突出防治技术的推广宣传工作,国家应加强对现有成熟的煤与瓦斯突出防治技术的推广和宣传力度.在国有重点煤矿的突出矿井贯彻“区域性治理为主,局部治理为辅”的突出灾害治理理念,大力推广保护层开采和预抽煤层瓦斯等区域性防突技术,进一步完善“四位一体”综合防突措施.针对乡镇煤矿开采深度浅、突出危险性相对较弱和突出防治基础薄弱的特点,重点推广正规采煤方法,完善矿井通风系统、监测监控系统和瓦斯抽采系统,建立健全突出防治队伍,配齐突出防治技术装备,坚决贯彻落实“四位一体”综合防突措施。8)加强煤与瓦斯突出防治的科学研究工作国家应重视煤与瓦斯突出防治技术研究工作,形成多层次的综合投入保障机制.首先要设法稳住突出防治技术专业研究队伍,加强防突基础和关键技术研究工作,针对全国普遍存在的技术难题,深入开展突出机理、预测和防治技术等方面的研究;其次根据产、学、研相结合的原则,组织科技攻关,研究突出危险煤层安全钻进等技术难题;针对有突出危险性的集约化矿井,开展能够满足快速采掘要求的防突新技术研究工作等;树立依靠科技进步治理煤与瓦斯突出的思想理念,形成防突技术基础研究应用研究的技术储备。9)加强煤与瓦斯突出灾害防治工作的指导和服务国家煤矿安全监察局应加强对煤与瓦斯突出灾害防治工作的指导和服务,煤矿企业、科研院所、安全监察和监管等相关单位应定期集会,共同分析典型煤与瓦斯突出案例、交流煤与瓦斯突出防治工作经验、推广先进技术,这将有利于预防煤与瓦斯突出事故。5煤与瓦斯突出防治技术的展望(1) 认真贯彻执行“四位一体”防突综合措施,对防止突出事故来说,有两大任务:一是防止突出发生,二是防止突出造成人身伤亡事故。综合措施中的防突措施和安全防护措施分别是为解决上述任务的两条防线。十多年来,某些突出严重的国有重点煤矿应用了综全防突措施取得了良好的效果,但大多数突出矿井仍未应用。(2) 提高突出危险性预测的准确性。结合突出矿井的具体条件,通过科学试验可确定突出预测敏感指标和标志突出危险的临界值。在“八五”、“九五”期间科技攻关的基础上,尽快实现用声发射、瓦斯涌出动态变化和电磁幅射等指标,对工作面突出危险性进行连续非接触式预测。(3) 提高防突措施的效果。随着突出矿井机械化程度的提高,试验研究机采机掘工作面的防突措施。包括从防突观点出发,尽量减小机械截煤深度,均速推进,改善工作面支撑状况,使工作面前方煤体应力均衡向前推移,避免形成大的集中应力,将突出危险性降至最小程度。例如,在突出煤层加采面推广使用刨煤机,在机掘工作面试用带有超前掏卸压槽机构的掘进机等。(4) 优先推广使用开采保护层和预抽煤层瓦斯等区域性防突措施。这是当前行之有效的防突治本措施。开采保护层时应结合抽放瓦斯提高保护效果的扩大保护范围。单一突出危险煤层提高瓦斯抽放率是世界煤矿抽放瓦斯领域又一亟待解决的难题,在这方面我国进行了大量科学试验工作,先后试验成功密集大直径钻孔、水力割缝、水力压裂、网络布孔、定向卸压爆破和交叉布孔等。但这些方法往往由于工艺复杂,需要大量资金投入,难以在生产中推广使用。寻求工艺较简单能适应突出矿井生产条件的提高煤层瓦斯抽放率的方法,仍是防突出工作的一个重大课题。(5) 加强突出矿井的瓦斯地质工作。包括矿井地质构造和煤层赋存条件的预测工作,防止误揭突出煤层;各种地质构造区域煤层瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力和地应力变化规律及其与突出危险性的关系;各种地质构造对煤层的破坏程度和性质的影响等。(6) 加强突出机理研究。当前突出综合假说已得到世界各国的普遍认同,但该假说只是定性地说明了突出原动力(地应力和瓦斯压力)和受力体(煤体)之间大致的能量和功的关系,且在许多方面认识上并不一致,例如,突出时释放的固体弹性变形潜能是主要来源于煤层还是围岩?何以会突出那么多瓦斯,有特殊瓦斯吗?构造应力是突出的必要条件,还仅是有利条件?煤体发生连续自发(雪崩式零破坏的具体条件是什么?延期性突出发生的原因何在?等等。上面这些问题仅涉及突出机理的物理本质方面,至于数学描述突出的发生、发展和终止过程,则是突出机理研究方面一个更为复杂的课题。防治煤与瓦斯突出是世界煤矿安全技术领域一大难题。经过数十年的科学研究和煤矿生产实践,现已初步形成我国自己的“四位一体”防突综合措施的每一个环节上不断完善提高,使突出预测更加准确,防突措施更加可靠,以保证突出矿井的安全生产。参考文献:1于不凡,王佑安.煤矿瓦斯灾害防治及利用技术手册M.北京:煤炭工业出版社, 2000.2林柏泉.深孔控制卸压爆破及其防突作用机理的实验研究J.阜新矿业学院学报,1995, (3):1-8.3魏国营,张书军,辛新平.突出煤层掘进防突技术研究J.中国安全科学学报,2005,15(6):100-104.4单智勇.中高压注水综合防突措施的研究与应用J.煤炭工程, 2005, (9): 17-19.5于不凡.开采解放层的认识与实践M.北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1986.6刘林.煤层群多重保护层开采防突技术的研究J.矿业安全与环保, 2001, 8(5): 7孙四清,汤友谊,陈江峰.工作面坑透资料在瓦斯地质预测中应用的研究J.煤矿安全, 2005, 36(5): 1-3.8焦作矿业学院.瓦斯地质概论M.北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1990.9刘明举,袁亮,王兆丰,等.煤与瓦斯突出区域预测瓦斯地质方法研究R.焦作:焦作工学院, 2004.10水局各矿瓦斯考察报告,汪家寨矿、大河边、 老鹰山矿、水城矿务局生产技术处.11煤和瓦斯突出的防止,中国矿院.12力矿物,地质出版社,王嘉荫.13天府煤矿远距离解放层解放效果考察报告,天府煤矿、重庆煤炭科学研究年、四川矿院.14马雷舍夫(俄).煤与瓦斯突出预测方法和防治措施.魏风清,张建国(谬.煤炭工业出版社,2003.15煤炭科学研究总院s0周年院庆科技论文集.煤炭工业出版社,2007.16刘明举,孟磊,魏建平.近年煤与瓦斯突出的统计特性及其防范措施.煤矿安全,2008.17聂百胜,何学秋,土恩元等.煤与瓦斯突出预测技术研究现状及发展趋势.中国安全科学学报,2003.18土佑安.“四位一体”综介防突措施.煤矿安全,2003.19煤科院重庆所,我国防治煤和瓦斯突出措施的现状和展望,全国煤矿防止突出经验交流会议资料汇编,煤科院重庆所编,1984年8月.20李瑞群、叶宗元,预抽煤层瓦斯防止煤和瓦斯突出问题的探讨,四川煤矿第三届煤和瓦斯突出学术讨论会资料汇编,煤科院重庆所编,1979年7月.21北票矿务局科研处,台吉竖井预抽4号煤层瓦斯考察报告,1987年3月.22煤科院重庆所、六枝矿务局,六枝矿务局大用煤矿预抽煤层瓦斯防止煤与瓦斯突出研究报告,贵州地区综合防治煤与瓦斯突出研究报告集,1985年10月.23焦作矿务局李封矿、科研所,焦作矿务局李封矿611采煤工作面预抽本煤层瓦斯的效果分析。24天府煤矿、四川矿业学院,天府煤矿煤和瓦斯突出及其防治,1975年9月.25 阳泉矿务局等合编,煤矿抽放瓦斯,煤炭工业出版社,1977年7月.26俞启香矿井瓦斯防治M徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,199227付建华煤矿瓦斯灾害防治理论研究与上程实践M徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,200528王佑安“四位一体”综合防突措施 J煤矿安全,2003, 34(增刊):61-6329国家煤矿安全监察局2006年全国煤矿事故分析报告R . 200730国家安全生产监督管理总局,国家煤矿安全监察局煤矿安全技术“专家会诊”资料汇编G200531于不凡煤与瓦斯突出机理M北京:煤炭上业出版社,198532国家发展改革委煤矿瓦斯治理与利用总体方案S. 2005附录BPrevention of coal and gas outburst research and its developmentAbstract Coal and gas outburst in coal mine underground, is extremely complex gas dynamic phenomenon, and is one of serious disasters in coal mine. Our country is in the world the occurrence of coal and gas outburst is most serious countries, outburst coal mine, distribution range, a number of prominent prominent, high frequency, starting process of shallow depth, predominant type, intensity of outburst, gas outburst in. But because of the coal and gas outburst mechanism is still not fully understood, so no one nation can completely eliminate the outburst accidents.1. This paper from the coal and gas outburst in principle, analysis of its formation mechanism, and make the corresponding prevention measures and its present situation and development forecast.2.prevention and control measures for field prediction and regional prediction, field prediction is divided again for the prediction and control of two major aspects, regional prediction is divided again for drilling pressure relief and drainage of gas pressure relief, as well as mining protective layer.3. Concluded China situation of coal and gas outburst prevention and control countermeasures.Chapter 11.1 overviewMine gas is coal in the process of a kind of associated gas, in a narrow sense should be methane (CH4), occurrence of coal molecules or in coal seams, in the process of coal mining, due to continuously from coal drift away into space, underground production, and other harmful gas mixing, such as CO2, N2, H2S, CO, H2, SO2, form a kind of mixed gas is commonly known as gas.Methane is colorless, tasteless, odorless, burning and explosive gas, its respiratory effects in people with nitrogen, which reduces the concentration of oxygen in the air, can cause asphyxia. Methane chemically inert, slightly soluble in water. In coal mine it easy to accumulate in the tunnel roof, roof voids or a blind alley.2coal and gas outburst principle2.1prominent definitionsIn situ stress and gas under the common, broken coal (rock) and the gas from coal (rock) in vivo to excavate space discharge phenomenon, known as the coal (rock) and gas outburst, referred to as the prominent.2.2coal and gas outburst classification(A) According to the prominent phenomenon of mechanics characteristics classification1coal and gas outburst (or carbon dioxide) (referred to as the outstanding)2 coal sudden extruding and strong emission gas (referred to as press)3 coals suddenly poured out and strong emission gas (referred to as dump)(Two) according to highlight the strength classification1: outstanding small prominent coal (rock) 50t;2 medium outstanding coal (rock):5099t3large outburst of outburst coal (rock):100499t4large outburst of outburst coal (rock):500999t5large prominent: outburst coal ( rock ) content 1000t.(Three) the seam or regional outburst dangerous level classificationPractice has proved all kinds of coal and coal in the region of the outburst dangerous level is different. In order to meet the safety management needs, response to mine and coal seam or regional outburst dangerous level classification.2.3 coal and gas outburst prevention and control measures(a) A protective layer mining of coal and gas outburst preventionProtective layer of lead mining, the formation, strong tensile fracture, the extrusion stress to tensile stress; the overlying coal seam caving, rupture, sinking bending or underlying coal ( rock ) layer of the rupture, drum, the coal ( rock ) layer of large aperture, a large range of effective stress release structure on gas, either closed, or stress on gas sealing function can be released, protected stratum penetrability coefficient into hundreds of times or even thousands of times increasing, the gas pressure will drop sharply, large adsorption desorption gas is, therefore, the protective layer of outburst danger can be reduced or even eliminated.(Two) hydraulic slotting methodHydraulic slotting technology is the essence (mining) heading face in no circumstances, using high pressure water jet in a relatively short period of time, releasing large amounts of destruction of coal gas, improves the coal stress state. Coal failure first is the high energy jet coal breaking, forming smaller diameter hole; and then in the coal gas pressure gradient and residual energy reflected jet under the action of the broken holes around the coal body, forming large diameter hole and slot; upper coal body due to a stable state is destroyed, in hydraulic and under the action of gravity fully caving, forming an approximate rectangular groove chamber. Coal in the cutting period is gradually broken, coal body stress and gas potential is also a gradual release, cutting process from a large number of gases and a certain amount of coal, the coal body in a certain pressure, gas discharge region, in this region, destroyed the outburst the basic conditions, outburst prevention effect. Compared with other measures, this measure has the advantages of simple process, safe construction, excavation working face of coal body in front of the inspiring outburst stress is eliminated, in coal body gas fully release.(Three) Drainage-drivage combined technique for prevention and control of coal and gas outburstThrough the implementation of emission of gas drilling, gas drainage, to eliminate outburst, safety and effective. First of all, take drainage measures, coal gas pressure to obtain the full release, stress is significantly reduced, which reduces the occurrence of gas outburst by ground stress and gas pressure to eliminate the risk of coal and gas outburst; secondly, through drainage, so that the physical and mechanical properties of coal body to change, the stress concentration belt forward, increased frontal front coal unloading belt width and permeability, reduces the occurrence of prominent power, namely the gas pressure and stress; moreover, by long boreholes can be reduced by the coal into gas tunnel space, reducing the amount of ventilation air methane.3the forecast of coal and gas outburst3.1field predictionField prediction for prediction and prevention of the two parts, the two complement each other to look out for each other.3.2regional prediction(a) Of coal and gas outburst prevention and control measures for local1 coal seam hydraulic looseningHydraulic loosening is the essence of the mining or preparation roadway work construction of drilled, through the borehole to coal seam is pressed into a special solution, through the water to the coal body structure destructive changes in work and the nearby gas dynamic state and the stress strain state. When the coal seam hydraulic fracturing into water solution, liquid under pressure through the slit into the coal seam, formation fracture mostly parallel seam exposure. Hydraulic loosening is at work near coal seam cracks, because coal loses support ability, cause stress concentration zone to the coal body deep transfer. Mountain in the coal seam loses support ability, in the job and formed near the unloading zone, accompanied by gas discharge.2advanced drillingIn the coal lane tunneling work ahead, since75300mm diameter drilling, gas emission, and the formation surrounding the borehole pressure relief zone, to prevent the occurrence of prominent than. General drilling depth 1520m. Advanced drilling used in coal-bed thicker, Fu soft quality, good air permeability condition. The coal is hard; with millisecond controlled blasting is used in combination with.3 coal seam hydraulic blastingHydraulic blasting can be understood as the explosives in water filled borehole blasting. Coal seam hydraulic blasting and coal seam water injection can advance together, or a little water. Hydraulic blasting in coal seam, through coal loosening and hill this caused by work stress distribution near coal seam and gas drainage, to prevent coal and gas outburst coal seam blasting parameters, so should guarantee the coal required degree of loosening and relieving emission results. Using coal hydraulic blasting processing based measures, and there is a close relationship between the drilling, drilling may be caused by coal and gas outburst. When playing60mm below diameter drilling, coal and gas outburst probability is very small, so the coal hydraulic blasting, drilling diameter should be restricted in the following 60mm.4 four in one comprehensive outburst prevention technology“Four in one comprehensive outburst prevention and control technology with full consideration of the complexity and uncertainty of reputation and small, in order to personal safety, prevention of outburst accidents, avoid outburst prevention from blindness, reduce manpower and resources waste, improve the production efficiency of outburst mine, the outburst prevention work in 4links, namely the outburst, outburst prevention measures, measures of effect and safety protection measures.(Two) mining protective layerMining protective layer, both at home and abroad is considered to be the most effective in preventing coal and gas outburst, to improve mine gas drainage rate of a shop the measures. My bureau in mining the release layer, also have the same effect. The following is our in Dahebian Syncline River coals mine, the creek Syncline in Laoyingshan Coal Mine Survey results. This paper examines the data, in the following test conditions.(Three) of mine gas drainageAfter the liberation of layer mining ( i.e., adjacent to a layer ) the gas, if not drainage by pressure relief gas liberation layer will be poured into the liberated seam working face, thereby resulting in the production of unsafe factors, so must the gas drainage.(Four) drilling decompressionGas pre-drainage borehole penetrated seam, hole wall in the vicinity of fissure increasing, coal gas in the gas pressure and borehole space under the function of pressure difference, free gas directly into the borehole, adsorbed gas due to the original state of equilibrium is destroyed and the desorption, then into the borehole, and the drainage under the action of negative pressure, to be pumping drainage pipeline. With the drainage time of growth. The borehole radius increasing the role of.Borehole radius of action, the theory has a limit value. But for a long time to reach. Actual selection by the drilling action radius is much smaller than the so-called limit, usually only a few meters. Pre pumping, the gas pressure and the content was not uniform in distribution, are in the borehole wall near the lowest, with the distance increasing from the borehole. This and the liberated layer in the gas pressure and content distribution are obviously different.4Chinese coal mine coal and gas outburst prevention and control measuresChina is now
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