高二英语同步练习《Unit 2 Robots》人教版选修7
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111Unit 2 Robots 真题讲解(2006年高考天津卷)Researchers are placing robotic dogs (机器狗) in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old peoples depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction. No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated, Edwards points out. The problem is how we promote that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution. In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing MBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner. I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice, says a seventy-year-old lady, When Im watching TV, hell stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own. The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns. At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry. Beck says, But its amazing how quickly we have given up that belief. Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older peoples minds. 1. The purpose of Beck and Edwards study is to _. A. understand human-animal relationship B. make lonely old peoples life better C. find the causes of old peoples lonelinessD. promote the animal-assisted research 2. In the research, the old people are asked to _. A. note the activities of AIBOs B. keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks C. record their feelings and activity D. analyze the collected information 3. What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs? A. It is easier to keep at home. B. It can help the disabled people. C. It responds to all the human orders. D. It can watch TV with its owner. 4. The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may _. A. cure certain diseases B. keep old people active C. change peoples beliefs D. look more like real dogs文章大意一位人与动物关系研究专家和一位护理学教授联合研究,试图使用机器狗改善独居老人的活动状况。 1. B。解析从文章的第1句话可以看出独居老人家里安放机器狗的目的是为了改善老人的生活。 2. C。解析从文章的第二段第3句话可知:这项研究要求老人记日记。将使用机器狗前后的活动和感受记录下来。 3. A。解析文章的第四段讲述了机器狗优于真狗的几个方面。主要是机器狗不需要老人照顾。 4. B。解析文章的最后一段讲述了科学家对这种机器狗的期待,机器狗能做游戏刺激老人的大脑。技巧点拨 普通高中英语课程标准(实验)的第二十个话题“科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)”要求学生掌握: (1)Recent inventions, medical advances, technological advances, etc. (2)Computer science, etc. 有关这一话题的文章多为科普文章。科普文章有三大特点:一是专业术语多;二是长句多;三是被动句式多。因此,阅读这类文章时,要做到以下三点: 一、要以开放性的心态,接受新型专业术语。许多专业术语就可以字面直译。例如:heavy industry就可以直译成“重工业”;lightweight materials就是“轻型材料”;electronic sensor就“电子传感器”。 二、遇上长句,要通过句型结构分析,抓住句子的主干主语和谓语等,以把握句子的基本内容。例如: When the robots cameras see the objects that are to be picked up they pass on the information to the users computer screen. 句子的主干是:they机器人的摄影机 pass on传输 information信息 把握了主干后句子的意义就清楚了,说的是:机器人的摄影机将捕捉到的信息传输到计算机屏幕上来。 三、被动句式的理解其实不难,抓住了句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)之后,就能够理解句子。实在理解不了,可以尝试着将被动语态变成主动语态,就可以降低句子理解难度。例如: The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick. 该句可以理解为:Scientists designed the Carnegie Mellon machines in order to carry cameras and electronic sensors and users can control the Carnegie Mellon machines with a joystick. 与机器人相关的话题结构有:一、单词:robot(机器人), programme(程序), computer(计算机), sensor(传感器), science(科学), technology(技术), human-like(像人一样的), humanoid(类人机器人), imitate(模仿), facility(设备), detector(探测仪)二、短语:human brain(人脑), thinking robot(智能机器人), household robot(家务机器人), snake-like device(蛇形设备)三、句型: In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.It was originally written by the science fiction writer, Isaac Asimov, and published in 1951.They tried time and again and at last they managed to invent the machineThese books are famous because Asimov invented a theoretical framework which was designed to show how ideas and thinking may develop in the future.强化训练A Scientists have created a human-like robot that can dance and do the housework. Mahru has been developed to imitate humans and can move its lips, eyebrows and pupils(瞳孔). The machine can also move its upper and lower, body freely and automatically stop itself when walking. In addition, it has been programmed to give out two kinds of pleasant smells to match its emotions. The 1.5 m tall robot was produced by researchers at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (K1ST) and is the first South Korean-developed machine of its kind. Mahru will open the way for the commercial use of humanoid robots doing housework, You Bum-Jae, leader of the development research team, said. Mahru can dance while walking on its legs and is able to work in place of a human. Through an advanced motion capture system, Mahru can follow a variety of human movements and move its hands freely enough to deal with any obstacles that may get in its way when walking. State-funded KIST showed the robot during a presentation at its head office in Seoul. People here were treated to an entertaining demonstration which saw the robot show off the full range of its skills, most notably a series of dance moves. The research team added that they had designed another Mahru, this time with sensors(传感器) allowing it to distinguish between faces and objects. The showing of Mahru came a week after researchers in Japan said they had created the most human-like robot in the world. A team at robotics department of Osaka University in Japan claimed that robogirl, Repliee R-l, looks, moves and interacts like a human, and has silicone(硅胶) skin that feels almost human to the touch. 1. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean? A. To fight with others. B. To act on each other. C. To have a word with others. D. To make robots by itself. 2. Mahru made by KIST can do the following things EXCEPT _. A. express certain feelings through smellsB. move its body freely C. stop automatically when walking D. dance with other human-like robots 3. According to what You Bum-Jae said in Paragraph 5, his research team wants to _. A. help robots with doing housework B. show its scientific power C. make Mahru offer more fun D. explore the commercial use of Mahru 4. When Mahru meets something in its way, it will be likely to _. A. go around it B. turn back quickly C. deal with it using its hands D. ask humans for helpB A new robot can recognize the difference between a mirror image of itself and another robot that looks just like it. This so-called mirror image recognition is based on man-made nerve cell groups built into the robots computer brain that give it the ability to recognize itself and acknowledge others. The ground-breaking technology could eventually lead to robots able to express emotions. The robot represents a big step toward developing self-aware robots and in understanding and modeling human self-consciousness. In humans, consciousness is basically a state in which the behavior of the self and another is understood, said Takeno. Two red diodes light up when the robot is performing behavior it considers its own, two green bulbs light up when the robot acknowledges behavior being performed by the other. One blue LED flashes when the robot is both recognizing behavior in another robot and imitating it. In one experiment, a robot representing the self was paired with an identical robot representing the other. When the self robot moved forward, stopped or backed up, the other robot did the same. The pattern of neurons(神经细胞) firing and the subsequent flashes of blue light indicated that the self robot understood that the other robot was imitating its behavior. In another experiment, the researchers placed the self robot in front of a mirror. In this case, the self robot and the reflection (something it could interpret as another robot) moved forward and back at the same time. Although the blue lights fired, they did so less frequently than in other experiments. In fact, 70 percent of the time, the robot understood that the mirror image was itself. Takenos goal is to reach 100 percent in the coming year. 5. The aim of the experiments is to _. A. test if the robot could understand what another robot was doing B. see if the robot could understand who the mirror image was C. see if the robot could recognize its mirror image was itself D. see if the robot could imitate what the other robot was doing 6. Which light will light up when the robot recognizes the performance by another one? A. Two red diodes. B. One blue LED. C. Two green bulbs. D. None of the above. 7. What is meaning of the underlined word fired in paragraph nine? A. To dismiss. B. To light a fire. C. To fire a gun. D. To light up. 8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The recognition is based on a mans nerve cell groups built into the robots computer brain. B. In one of the experiments, the self robot can distinguish himself from the mirror image. C. The robot can recognize the behavior of another one less frequently according to one experiment. D. The robot can recognize the mirror image most of the time, but not always.C Scientists are racing to build the worlds first thinking robot. This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020. Machines that walk, speak and feel are no longer, science fiction. Kismet is the name of an android (机器人) which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions. Its eyes, ears and lips move to show when it feels happy, sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids robots that look like human beings which can imitate(模仿) human feelings. Cog, another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However, scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old. The optimists say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids(人形机器人) with brains similar to those of all adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do? In the future, robots like Robonaut, a humanoid, invented by NASA, will be doing dangerous jobs, like repairing space stations. They will also be doing more and more of the house-hold work for us. In Japan, scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano. Some people worry about what the future holds: will robots become monsters(怪物)? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers, connected to the Internet, in the future. 9. Kismet is different from the traditional robot in that _. A. it can dance and play the piano B. it is the first thinking robot C. it can imitate the action of a mother D. it can imitate human feelings10. The humanoids in 2020 can do all of the following EXCEPT _. A. repair space stations B. think better than human beings C. have the household work done D. play the piano11. We can learn from the text that _. A. Cog is much cleverer than a two-year-old B. the first thinking robot is still a science fiction C. technology will be more important in the future D. the future robots are designed to look like pets12. What is the best title of the passage? A. Almost Human? B. Can Robots Walk, Speak and Feel? C. Will Robots Become Monsters? D. Can a Robot entertain us?D A child like robot, Wakamaru, developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan and combining the roles of nurse, companion and security guard, will soon be in the market to look after the growing number of old people with no one to look after them. Cameras implanted in the eye brows of the robot enable it to see as it moves around in a house. The images can be sent to the latest mobile telephones, which can show the pictures. Wakamaru speaks with either the voice of a boy or a girl. It is also designed to provide companionship, greeting its papa, when he comes home. Based on a vocabulary of around 10,000 words, it is the first household robot which is able to hold simple conversations. It can not only speak, but also understand answers and react accordingly. It will ask Are you all right? if its owner does not move for some time. If the answer is no, or there is no answer, it will telephone present numbers, send images and work as a speaker phone, it can recognize up to 10 faces. It can be set to remind forgetful people when it is time to take medicine, eat and sleep. However, like most robots, it cannot climb stairs. Mitsubishi developed Wakamaru from robots it already makes to go around nuclear power facilities. Looking at the aging of society and the falling birth rate we decided that this could work as a business. We want to offer it as a product that helps society, said the project chief. The developers plan to sell the robot from April next year at between 5, 000 to 6,000 pounds. The life expectancy of Japanese women has shot up to almost 85, the highest in the world. At the same time, extended families are being replaced by nuclear families. This has left many Japanese anxious about their elderly parents. Therefore, the technology has gained nationwide publicity in Japan. 13. The passage is written with the purpose to _. A. introduce a new product B. solve the aging problems C. tell people how to use the robot D. show the rapid development of technology 14. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The robot can dial proper numbers for help. B. The robot is likely to have a promising market. C. The robot enables the Japanese to live longer. D. Many elderly Japanese are anxious about their future. 15. The underlined word implanted in the second paragraph means _. A. put into B. carried out C. hidden away D. dressed up 16. What is another best title for the passage? A. The Latest Development of RobotB. Japanese Robot and the Aging Society C. Vast Market of the New Robot D. Japanese-built Robot to Help the OldE When disasters strike, sometimes rescuers cant get into broken buildings. Thats when robots come into play. Now, international research at Disaster City near Texas A & M may eventually save lives worldwide, In dark and dusty places, these American and Japanese researchers are at home. Theyre creating the next generation of search and rescue robots. Were seeing the mobility change to more pneumatic (气动的) types, where youve got very small robots like snakes, says Doctor Robin Murphy. She runs the Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue at Texas A&M University. Murphy has first-hand seen the destruct/on after natural disasters. Its just incredible. As a scientist, it breaks your heart because you can see the possibilities for the technology, which makes a difference to those people whose lives are greatly affected and whose families dont know what to do to solve the problem, says Murphy. This pile of small stones at Disaster City might not look like much, but to scientists and researchers its exactly what they need to see how these robots will perform when real disasters happen. When buildings fall down suddenly like they did during a severe earthquake in New Zealand in February, its critical (关键的) for rescuers to find survivors in the debris. The rescue work can be dangerous. Just like snakes can pass through all sorts of crowded places, this robot can go where other robots just cant, says Doctor Howie Choset. He and his team from Carnegie Melon University are working on one of the most unique (独特的) robots around. This snake-like device can be dropped down a hole just 2 inches wide. There are several types of robots being tested at the Texas Engineering Extension Service Disaster City this week. Results from these experiments will be useful for developing the next generation of rescue robots. 17. Which of the following is TRUE of Doctor Robin Murphy? A. She is a survivor of a disaster. B. She was once on the spot of a disaster. C. She lost her relatives in a disaster. D. She once tested her robot after a disaster. 18. Whats so special about the robot tested at Disaster City? A. It can go where other robots cant. B. Its size is the smallest. C. It can see everything in the dark. D. It can hear the shouts of the injured. 19. We can infer from the passage that _. A. new robots will replace rescuers in the future B. the snake-like rescue robot has already been put into use C. the best rescue robot is still to come D. the future rescue robot can change its form 20. The underlined word debris is the closest in meaning to _. A. schools B. apartments C. stores D. Ruins111- 配套讲稿:
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