【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】发动机缸体
【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】发动机缸体,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,对比,比照,文献,翻译,发动机,缸体
英文原文Engine cylinder block Engine cylinder block is a more complex structure of the box parts in the engine parts , its high precision, processing, complex process, and the processing quality will still affect the overall performance engine, so it has become one of the engine manufacturers focus parts. Engine cylinder block is the basic engine parts and skeleton and the general assembly of the base components. Cylinders role is supporting and ensuring the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and other moving parts work, the exact location; to ensure the engine ventilation, cooling and lubrication; to provide a variety of auxiliary systems, components and engine installation. 1 Technical Characteristics Cylinder block cast for a whole structure, and its upper part 4 cylinder mounting hole; cylinder block standard cylinder block is divided into upper and lower divisions into two parts; cylinder block to the rear of the front-side arrangement of the previous three coaxial mounting hole of the camshaft and the idler axle hole. Cylinder block process features are: the structure of complex shape; processing plane, more than holes; uneven wall thickness and stiffness is low; processing of high precision typical of box-type processing part. The main processing of the surface of cylinder block top surface, the main bearing side, cylinder bore, the main and camshaft bearing bore holes and so on, they will directly affect the machining accuracy of the engine assembly precision and performance, mainly rely on precision equipment, industrial fixtures reliability and processing technology to ensure the reasonableness. 2 The cylinder process design principles and the basis for engine Technology program is the preparation of the master process is to process planning and key process equipment design guidance documents. The correct process of program design, facilitate the systematic application of new scientific and technological achievements and advanced production experience, to ensure product quality, improve working conditions, and improve process technology and process management level. 2.1 Process design principles Design Technology program should be to ensure product quality at the same time, give full consideration to the production cycle, cost and environmental protection; based on the enterprises ability to actively adopt advanced process technology and equipment, and constantly enhance their level of technology. Engine cylinder block machining process design should follow the following basic principles. (1) The selection of processing equipment, processing equipment, the principle of selection adopted the principle of combining rigid-flexible, processing each horizontal machining center is located mainly small operations with vertical machining center, the key process a crank hole, cylinder hole, balancer shaft hole High-speed processing of high-precision horizontal machining center, an upper and lower non-critical processes before and after the four-dimensional high-efficiency rough milling and have a certain adjustment range of special machine processing; (2) focus on a key process in principle process the body cylinder bore, crankshaft hole, Balance Shaft hole surface finishing and the combination of precision milling cylinder head, using a process focused on a setup program to complete all processing elements in order to ensure product accuracy The key quality processes to meet the cylinder capacity and the relevant technical requirements; (3) All fixtures are used hydraulic clamp, clamping components, hydraulic pumps and hydraulic control components used in Germany or the United States producing high quality and reliable components; (4) The whole line used in all wet processing, using standalone BTA, high-precision machining processes critical horizontal machining center with constant cooling and to install high-precision high-voltage double-circuit band-pass fine filtration system, all with high-pressure processing center in the cold. According to the technological characteristics of automobile engine cylinder block and the production mandate, the engine block machining automatic production line is composed of horizontal machining center CWK500 and CWK500D machining centers, special milling / boring machine, vertical machining centers matec-30L and other appliances. (1) top and bottom, and tile covered only the combination of aperture rough milling machine dedicated to this machine to double-sided horizontal milling machine, using moving table driven parts, machine tools imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine control cabinet set up an independent, cutting automate the process is completed and two kinds of automatic and adjust the state; (2) high-speed horizontal machining center machining center can be realized CWK500 the maximum flow of wet processing, but because of equipment, automatic BTA treatment system through the built-in tray under the wide-type chip conveyor and the completion of the machining center can be dry processing; machine tool spindle speed 6000r/min, rapid feeding speed 38m/min; (3)The combination of front and rear face rough milling machine tool using hydraulic transmission; control system imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine tools have a certain flexibility; (4) The special machine TXK1500 this machine vertical machining center by the modification of shape, with vertical machining center features and performance, this machine has high strength, high wear-resistant, high stability, high accuracy, high-profile etc.; (5) high-speed vertical machining center matec-30L of the machining center spindle high speed 9000r/min. Control system uses Siemens SINUMERIK840D control system; (6) high-speed horizontal machining center spindle CWK500D highest speed 15000r/min. 2.2 Process design basis Affect the engine block part of the process design factors are manifold. Specifically, can be understood from the following aspects. (1) product object, product drawings and technical documents related to the complexity of the engine block under the precision requirements of the process to take corresponding measures. Production targets for the four-cylinder automobile engine cylinder block; (2) the production program, the production of the nature and type of production of the engine block the production program of 400 million; (3) The annual effective system of work equipment, working for 320 days, with an average equipment loading rate of 80%, two shifts, 16 hours / day. 3 The main content of engine cylinder block machining process design Engine cylinder block machining process characteristics: mainly flat and the hole processing, processing of flat generally use planing, milling methods such as processing, processing of hole used mainly boring, processing and multi-purpose drilling holes. As the cylinder complex structure, so how to ensure that the mutual position of the surface processing precision is an important issue. 3.1 The selection of blank Engine block on the materials used are generally gray cast iron HT150, HT200, HT250, there is also cast aluminum or steel plate, this engine block using high-strength alloy cast iron. Cylinder in the processing prior to aging treatment in order to eliminate stress and improve the rough casting mechanical properties. Improve the rough accuracy, reduction of machining allowance, is to improve the automated production line system productivity and processing quality of the important measures. As the foreign box-type parts of rough quality and high precision, and its production-line system has been implemented directly on the blank line, not only eliminating the need for blank check device also saves the rough quality problems due to waste of machining time, increase overall efficiency. Therefore, the refinement of rough is to improve the productivity of the most promising way out. For the engine block production line, can be rough in parts on-line pre-milling six face, removing most of the margin, to facilitate direct on-line parts. 3.2 machining process selection and processing of the benchmark Choose the right processing technology base is directly related to the processing quality can ensure the parts. Generally speaking, process benchmarking can be divided into coarse and fine reference base. (1) The baseline for the on-line thick rough, which is particularly important the choice of benchmark crude, if crude benchmark choice unreasonable, will the uneven distribution of machining allowance, processing and surface offsets, resulting in waste. In the cylinder production line, we have adopted for the coarse side of the base; (2) refined the base of this box for the engine block parts, the general use of “side two sales” for a full range of uniform benchmarks. For the longer automated production line system, due to pin holes in the course of the wear and tear caused by inaccurate positioning, therefore, will be divided into 2-3 segment pin holes used. In the cylinder pin hole of the process, we have adopted to the side, bottom and the spindle hole positioning, in the processing center on the process. 3.3 Machining Processing Stages and processes of the arrangements Often a part of many apparent need for processing, of course, the surface machining accuracy are different. Processing of high precision surface, often after repeated processing; As for the processing of the surface of low precision, only need to go through one or two on the list. Thus, when the development process in order to seize the “processing high precision surface,”this conflict, the reasonable arrangement processes and rational division stage of processing. Arrange the order of the principle of process is: after the first coarse refined, the first surface after the hole, the first benchmark other. In the engine block machining, the same should follow this principle. (1) roughing stage engine block machining process, the arrangements for roughing process, to fully carry out rough rough, trim most of the margin in order to ensure production efficiency; (2) semi-finishing phase of the engine block machining, in order to ensure the accuracy of some important surface processing, and arrange some semi-finishing operations, will be required accuracy and surface roughness of the surface of the middle of some processing to complete, while demanding the surface of semi-finished, to prepare for future finishing; (3) The finishing stage of requiring high accuracy and surface roughness of the surface processing; (4) secondary processing, such as small surface screw holes, you can finish of the major surface after the one hand, when the workpiece deformation process little impact at the same time also reduced the rejection rate; In addition, if the main surface of a waste, these small the surface will not have to be processed, thus avoiding a waste of man-hours. However, if the processing is very easy for a small surface bumps the main surface, it should be placed on a small surface finish prior to the main surface finishing; (5) should make proper arrangements for secondary processes such as product inspection process, in part roughing stage, the key process before ining Processing Stages and processTand after processing, spare parts all the processing has been completed, should be appropriate arrangements. Stage of processing division, has the following advantages: First, it can take measures to eliminate the rough workpiece after the stress, to ensure accuracy; second, finishing on the back, and will not damage during transport the surface of the workpiece has been processed; again, first roughing the surface defects can be detected early and promptly deal with rough, do not waste working hours. But most small parts, do not sub very thin. 3.4 cylinder surface of the main processing and secondary processes Cylinder surface and support the main processing operations are: (1) plane processing At present, the milling of engine blocks is the primary means of planar processing, domestic milling feed rate is generally 300-400mm/min, and foreign 2000-4000mm/min milling feed rate compared to far cry, to be on increasing, therefore, improve the milling feed rate, reduce overhead time is to improve the productivity of the major means of finishing a number of plane engine block when the milling feed rate to reach 2399 mm / min, greatly improved efficiency; Top surface of the cylinder milling is a key process in the process, the flatness requirements for 0.02/145mm, the surface roughness of Ra1.6um. Processing in the cylinder, the use of side and spindle bearing bore positioning, top, bottom and middle vagay only aperture while processing used in the processing line outside of the knife device can better meet the engine block machining accuracy ; (2) General holes machining holes in general are still using the traditional processing of drilling, expansion, boring, reaming, tapping and other craft approach. Issues in the design process of specific programs, use of coated cutting tools, cutting tools and other advanced tools within the cooling, and using a large flow of cooling systems, greatly improving the cutting speed, improved productivity; he key process before ining ProceW (3) deep hole processing of the traditional processing method is used to grade twist drill feed, low efficiency of their production, processing and quality is poor. The deep hole in the engine block processing, the use of gun drilling process; (4) The three-axis machining holes for the cylinder-axis machining holes holes of high precision, long working hours of the restrictive process. Thus, work arrangements, processing methods, tools and so on should be special attention. All cover pre-processing, that is, semi-circular hole and the cylinder block main bearing cap of the shortage of processing, its main purpose is to remove blank margin, release stress, to prepare for the post-order processing; in crankshaft machining processing center hole, using double-sided Boring, boring the first holes in the crankshaft hole at one end to 1 / 2 length, and then turn 180 degrees workbench, from the other end and then bore another 1 / 2 length. (5) The cylinder bore machining cylinder hole cylinder machining processing is a key process in the one, under normal circumstances, the machining process as a rough boring, semi-fine boring, precision boring and honing. Cylinder bore wall for the early detection of casting defects, eliminate stress, should be thick cylinder boring holes in advance; due to the structural characteristics of the different cylinder bore, must be in honing process to improve the cylinder bore surface quality. In the high-volume production, the cylinder bore honing generally use the multi-axis grinding machine or honing Automatic Line. Here we use honing automatic lines, from the coarse-heng. Fine-heng and testing equipment, composed of three; (6) Cleaning Cleaning is divided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning. Machining cylinder automatic production line using a large flow of wet cleaning; (7) Detect is divided into the line detection and line outside detection. In the quality detection of engine cylinder , according to the actual use; the key process based on physical truth with lines outside the detection, the main use of coordinate measuring machine integrated measurements of the cylinder, each 200 samples 1-5 pieces, each class random one. 3.5 cylinder processing the choice of cutting parameters Engine block choice of cutting parameters including cutting speed, feed rate and feed rate option. As the processing equipment is used in high precision and rigidity of machine tools and high-speed machining centers in order to ensure the efficiency of cutting may be the appropriate choice of cutting a larger amount. The main processing engine block surface plane and bearing bore, cylinder bore holes such as the processing, while the plane and bearing bore, cylinder bore of the processing method is mainly milling and boring, so the discussion here, the choice of cutting parameters are mainly milling and Boring choice of cutting parameters. (1) milling the choice of the amount of usage the choice of milling milling effect is directly related to good or bad. Generally speaking, the choice of dosage milling principles: Face milling cutter should be as much as possible when you first take a larger milling depth and width of milling, and then select the larger milling rate of as much as possible. Milling in a specific amount of choice when many factors involved, but in general, rough milling large margin when the workpiece, processing requirements low, the main consideration of the durability of cutter; Fine Milling margin is small, high precision machining, improvement in the quality processing of primary consideration; In the engine block of the milling process, the use of machine tools as having a high stiffness, high-speed machine tools, big power, rigidity is good, so has chosen the relatively large amount of cutting. (2) boring dosage amount of choice options under the rough finishing process varies. Rough, the selection of a larger depth of cut, finish, the selection of a smaller depth of cut. Depth of cut determined later, as cutting a large amount of use. In the cutting depth and feed rate after the selection ?=can be a reasonable tool to ensure durability under the conditions of use calculations or look-up table method to determine the cutting speed. In general, the rough, choose a lower cutting speed, finishing, the selection of a higher cutting speed. In the engine block boring process, the selection of machine tools as having a high stiffness, high-speed machine tools, big power, good rigidity; tool for foreign advanced tools, high quality, rigidity is good, so has chosen the relatively large amount of cutting. 中文译文发动机缸体发动机缸体是发动机零件中结构较为复杂的箱体零件,其精度要求高,加工工艺复杂,且加工质量的好坏直接影响发动机整机性能,因此,它成为各发动机生产厂家所关注的重点零件之一。 发动机缸体是发动机的基础零件和骨架,同时又是发动机总装配时的基准零件。缸体的作用是支承和保证活塞、连杆、曲轴等运动部件工作时的准确位置;保证发动机的换气、冷却和润滑;提供各种辅助系统、部件及发动机的安装。 1工艺特点 缸体为一整体铸造结构,其上部有4个缸套安装孔;缸体的水平隔板将缸体分成上下两部分;缸体的前端面从前到后排列有三个同轴线的凸轮轴安装孔和惰轮轴孔。 缸体的工艺特点是:结构、形状复杂;加工的平面、孔多;壁厚不均,刚度低;加工精度要求高,属于典型的箱体类加工零件。缸体的主要加工表面有顶面、主轴承座侧面、缸孔、主轴承孔及凸轮轴孔等,它们的加工精度将直接影响发动机的装配精度和工作性能,主要依靠设备精度、工夹具的可靠性和加工工艺的合理性来保证。 2 发动机缸体工艺方案设计原则和依据 工艺方案是工艺准备工作的总纲,是工艺规程设计和关键工艺装备设计的指导文件。正确的工艺方案设计,有助于系统地运用新的科学技术成果和先进的生产经验,保证产品质量,改善劳动条件,提高工艺技术和工艺管理水平。 2.1 工艺方案设计的原则 设计工艺方案应在保证产品质量的同时,充分考虑生产周期、成本和环境保护;根据本企业能力,积极采用国内外先进的工艺技术和装备,不断提高企业工艺水平。发动机缸体机械加工工艺设计应遵循以下基本原则: (1) 加工设备选型原则 加工设备选型采用刚柔结合的原则,加工设各以卧式加工中心为主,少量工序采用立式加工中心,关键工序一曲轴孔、缸孔、平衡轴孔加工采用高精度高速卧式加工中心,非关键工艺一上下前后四个平面的粗铣采用高效并有一定调整范围的专用机床加工; (2) 集中工序原则 关键工序一机体缸孔、曲轴孔、平衡轴孔的精加工及缸盖结合面的精铣,采用集中在一道工序一次装夹完成全部加工内容的方案,以确保产品精度满足缸体关键品质的工艺能力和有关技术要求; (3) 全部夹具均采用液压夹具,夹紧元件、液压泵及液压控制元件采用德国或美国产优质可靠元器件; (4) 整线全部采用湿式加工,采用单机独立排屑,高精度关键加工工序的卧式加工中心采用恒温冷却并加装高精度高压双回路带旁通精过滤系统,加工中心全部带有高压内冷。 根据汽车发动机缸体的工艺特点和生产任务要求,发动机缸体机械加工自动生产线由卧式加工中心CWK500和CWK500D加工中心、专用铣/镗床、立式加工中心matec-30L等设备组成: (1) 顶底面及瓦盖止口面粗铣组合机床 本机床为双面卧式专用铣床,采用移动工作台带动工件,机床采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制,机床设独立电控柜,切削过程自动化完成,有自动和调整两种状态; (2) 高速卧式加工中心CWK500该加工中心可实现最大流量的湿加工,但由于设备自动排屑处理系统是通过位于托盘下的内置宽式排屑器而完成,该加工中心可以进行干加工;机床主轴转速6000r/min,快速进给速度38m/min; (3) 前后端面粗铣组合机床 机床采用液压传动;控制系统采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制,机床具有一定的柔性; (4) 专用机床TXK1500 本机床由立式加工中心改造而成型,具备立式加工中心的特点及性能,该机床具有高强度、高耐磨度、高稳定性、高精度、高配置等优点; (5) 高速立式加工中心matec-30L该加工中心主轴最高转速9000r/min。控制系统采用西门子公司SINUMERIK840D控制系统; (6) 高速卧式加工中心CWK500D主轴最高转速15000r/min。 2.2 工艺方案设计的依据影响发动机缸体零件的工艺方案设计因素是多方面的。具体地说,可以从以下几个方面理解。 (1) 产品对象、产品图样和有关技术文件根据发动机缸体的复杂程度、精度要求等采取相应的工艺措施。生产对象为四缸汽车发动机缸体; (2) 产品的生产纲领、生产性质和生产类型该发动机缸体年生产纲领为40000万件; (3) 工作制度设备年有效工作日为320天,平均设备负荷率为80%,两班制,16小时/天。 3 发动机缸体机械加工工艺设计
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