高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础题(二)2
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河南浚县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础题(二)阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西省赣中四校高三第二次联考】Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops.American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plantsthose that return year after year.Soil scientist John Reganold says,“One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils?There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield.”Mr Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some farmers may have done more harm than good.“They have been actually using farming practices where theyre not putting in organic matter.Theyre not putting in fertilizers.They cant afford those things.And it just runs the soil down.So theyre worsening the situation.”The scientist says the word perenniation defines three systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years,but it seems to be growing in popularity.The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger,Burkina Faso,Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize (玉米),millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots,but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year,the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation.“Shes a grandmother in her fifties.Her name is Rhoda Mangyana and she started using this system about twenty years ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare,four times what she was getting.”1The purpose of the passage is to_.Atell people how to increase productionBintroduce an agricultural system in AfricaCintroduce the oldest farming method in AfricaDtell us how to prevent soil being poor2What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?ABeing exposed to wind and rain.BGrowing different crops.CBeing polluted severely.DBeing ploughed improperly.3According to the passage,which of the following statements is WRONG?APerenniation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants.BPoor soil is the main problem in increasing food production.CFarmers may be more to blame for the present situation.DAmerican researchers first invented perenniation.4Evergreen agriculture is popular with the farmers mainly because it_.Acan build the soil and improve the yieldBcan provide more wood as wellCis the easiest method to carry outDis used for a long time5Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda Mangyana?ATo show the method is very popular in Africa.BBecause she is an expert at farming production.CTo prove the farming method is effective.DBecause she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.语篇解读在非洲,土地有限、地力贫瘠,如何有效地改善土地状况,提高农作物产量呢?本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力,促进生产的耕作方式。1解析:考查写作意图。由文章第一段及第二段第二句话可知,本文主要针对非洲土地营养成分不足、产量低这一问题,向我们介绍了一种新的农业系统。答案:B2解析:考查词义猜测。分析画线词所在句可知,多年的风雨侵蚀,导致了土地中大量的营养流失。C项文中未提及,B、D两项不符合句意,可排除。答案:A3解析:考查细节理解。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知,这种系统早已经在非洲使用,所以这种系统并不是美国研究人员最先发明的。答案:D4解析:考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段尤其是本段后半部分内容可知,evergreen agriculture这种方式之所以受农民们的欢迎,在于它能改良土壤,故选择A项。答案:A5解析:考查推理判断。根据文章最后两段可知,John Reganold提到Rhoda Mangyana是为了证明这种种植方式是有效果的。 答案:C。阅读理解。You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”. “The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They elevators are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.” We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed. He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want its your own little box. If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance. When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle. New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple look down, or look at your phone. Why are we so awkward in lifts? “You dont have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arms length of distance between us. And thats not possible in most elevators.” In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said.【文章大意】本文告诉我们一些不成文的电梯礼仪。 36.The main purpose of the article is to _. A. remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator B. tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette C. share an interesting but awkward elevator ride D. analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator【答案】B【 解析】写作意图题。根据短文的内容可知这里叙述了电梯里的一些不成文的规定,故选B。37. According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _. A. turn around and greet one another B. look around or examine their phone C. make eye contact with those in the elevator D. try to keep a distance from other people【答案】D【 解析】细节理解题。根据“from each other to create distance”可知,人们进电梯后要跟别人保持距离。故选D。38. Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator? 【答案】C【 解析】细节理解题。根据A两个人应站在对角线。B三个人要站成三角形。D五个人要站在四个角和中间。只有C四个人站在四个角是正确的。故选C。39. The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _. A. judge B. ignore C. put up with D. make the best of【答案】A【 解析】词义猜测题。size up出现在“when the doors slide open”电梯门开时,“act decisively果断行动”之前,所以应该是判断门内情况的意思,只有judge审度最接近。B“ignore”无视;C“put up with”容忍;D “make the best of” 充分利用。故选A。40. According to the article, people feel awkward in lifts because of _. A. someones odd behaviors B. the lack of space C. their unfamiliarity with one another D. their eye contact with one another【答案】B【 解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You dont have enough space”可知只有电梯里缺少空间的时候感到尴尬,故选B。阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中,选出最佳选项。A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts (气锋) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity (强烈). They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions, with identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological(气象)stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies.6. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is _A. floods B. frontsC. temperature changes D. frosts7. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining _A. daily weather maps B. upper air levelsC. satellite reports D. changing fronts8. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is helpful because it _A. is modern B. uses electronic instrumentsC. makes weather prediction easier D. shows things that would otherwise take hours to describe in a few minutes9. A weather map is a summary because it _A. sums up a great deal of information B. appears dailyC. shows changing fronts D. is a science book10. You may possibly read this article in _A. a magazine B. newspaper C. a novel D. a science book【参考答案】610、CBDAD阅读理解。Shes not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. Were not talking about a superhero here - SM is a 44-year-old mother. And shes fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺). Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear. To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didnt like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful. “She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though. “I dont believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein. 【文章大意】本文叙述了研究人员通过在失去扁桃腺人的身上实验扁桃腺的作用,结果发现它能控制人的恐惧,但是也有的科研人员对此产生了怀疑。 41. SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because _. A. she is a superhero B. she has experienced such conditions a lot C. she is a mental patient D. she has no sense of fear 【答案】D【 解析】细节理解题。根据shes fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain她失去了扁桃腺没有了害怕的感觉,故选D。42. Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find _. A. The function of a particular organ B. SMs reaction of fear and anxiety C. The process of removing amygdala D. A special way to get along with monsters 【答案】A【 解析】细节理解题。根据To try to understand how the amygdala works,研究人员为了找到扁桃腺是如何工作的,故选A。43. What do we know from the research on SM? A. It was easy for her to avoid danger. B. SM never felt fearful but disgusted. C. SM was frightened by nothing except monsters. D. SM got along well with the snakes.【答案】B【 解析】细节理解题。根据SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.她没有感觉到害怕和厌恶,故选B。44. What is Elizabeth Phelps attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM? A. Indifferent B. Supportive C. Disapproving D. Interested 【答案】C【 解析】细节理解题。根据“I dont believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study, 可知Elizabeth Phelps不相信这种实验,故选C。45. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. People can remove their amygdala to be fearless. B. SM will be admired because of her bravery. C. No one can survive if their amygdala is removed. D. The sense of fear is crucial to humans.【答案】D【 解析】推理判断题。根据“It is quite remarkable that she is still alive可知恐惧的感觉对人类来说是重要的,故选D。- 配套讲稿:
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