立柱移动式MK7125型精密数控平面磨床砂轮架及其垂直进给机构和砂轮修整器设计【说明书+CAD】
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湘潭三峰数控机床有限公司参观实习报告 指导老师 邓朝晖 前言:随着科学技术飞速发展,磨削加工技术成为先进制造技术的重要领域,磨削具有高几何精度,低速进给运动稳定性,减少震动,减少热变形;而磨削加工的要求不断增高,这让我们学习磨削加工技术带来了挑战和机遇。在以往学习生活对磨床接触甚少,便需外面公司学习了解,因此,邓老师安排了此次去湘潭三峰数控机床有限公司参观实习。公司简介:公司以国家高效磨削工程技术研究中心为依托,并与桂林桂北磨床和湖南大学、湘潭大学、湖南科技大学等多家高校形成战略联盟的关系,具备雄厚的产品研发能力和先进的制造工艺,是国内数控精密磨床制造企业中具有自主知识产权的重点企业之一。所研发生产的多功能全数控磨床、磨削加工中心、对称式坐标磨床属国内首创,获得了多项国家发明专利,其中高档多功能全数控磨床和磨削加工中心的工艺智能应用系统软件填补了国内空白。 公司主要产品有: SFMK6020多功能数控磨床、 SFMK6315磨削加工中心、 SFM6312内存式平面磨床、SFMK4016内存式平面磨床、 SFMM7132精密数控平面磨床、 SFM7130平面磨床、 普通卧轴平面磨床系列等。 公司长期以来以市场为导向、以技术创新为本,以服务用户为宗旨,秉承以人为本,科技领先,诚信经营,创知名品牌的方针,在市场经济的大湖中逐步实现稳定、持续、快速的发展,用心铸造“三相”品牌,不断开拓创新,为市场研制更多高精、高效、智能化的产品。参观过程:在学长的带领下,我们首先参观了托板内存式M7140/N平面磨床和卧轴炬台平面磨床。横向进给和纵向进给均采用液压控制,垂直进给采用滚珠丝杠控制,了解滚珠丝杠的工作原理,滚珠丝杠副又名滚珠丝杆副、滚珠螺杆副。是由丝杠及螺母二个配套组成的。是目前传动机械中精度最高也是最常用的传动装置。滚珠丝杆副是在丝杠与螺母间以钢球为滚动体的螺旋传动元件。它可将旋转运动转变为直线运动,或者将直线运动转变为旋转运动。因此滚珠丝杠副既是传动原件,也是直线运动与旋转运动相互转化元件。滚珠丝杠副在丝母部分的构造上有独到之处。按滚珠的循环方式可分为弯管式丝杠副与丝母之间设有滚珠转动沟道,滚珠对沟道产生轴向负载,滚珠在丝杠轴周围做滚动运动之后,进入镶在丝母内部的弯管口内,并沿弯管再次向负载区循环,从而进行无限滚动运动。这种产品是滚珠丝杠副中品种最丰富的普及型产品,可广泛用于各种用途。另外还有回球器式和端环境式砂轮架由壳体,主轴及其轴承,传动装置及滑鞍等组成;砂轮架中的砂轮主轴及其支承部分的结构将直接影响工件的加工精度和表面粗糙度,这是砂轮架部件的关键部分,它应保证砂轮架主轴具有较高的回转精度、刚度、抗震性和耐磨性。砂轮架壳体用螺钉紧固在滑鞍上,他可绕滑鞍上的定心圆柱调整位置。磨削时,滑鞍带着砂轮架沿垫板上的导轨作横向进给运动。参观了蜗轮蜗杆的安装过程,由涡轮、蜗杆轴承及及伺服电机组成以控制垂直方向进给。砂轮修整器的构造安装及修整演示过程; 定期修整可使砂轮保持良好的磨削性能和正确的几何形状,避免出现砂轮的钝化、堵塞和外形失真,常使用的修整工具是金刚石笔。操作时,修整工具位置过高、修整方向不当(如逆砂轮旋转方向,倾斜角过大过小)或修整量过大,都会使砂轮产生强烈振动,或引起金刚石笔啃刀,严重的还会导致砂轮破裂。正确的操作方法是:金刚石笔处于砂轮中心水平线下12mm处,顺砂轮旋转方向,与水平面的倾斜角为510左右。修整时要用力均匀,速度平稳,一次修整量不要过大。操作者应站在砂轮的侧方安全位置,不可站在砂轮正面操作。修整后的砂轮必须重新经回转试验后,方可使用。操作平台以V行槽和平面槽相结合以保证定位精度;将加工使用过的平台进行检测平整度通过调整两端高度调节。最后,以其中一台磨床做了操作演示,我们有一个整体工作原理效果。参观总结:通过此次在湘潭三峰数控机床有限公司参观实习,收货颇丰,在以前磨床是一个很模糊的概念转变为原理清晰状态,让人豁然开朗起来!从大概念上来说磨床的加工运动并不复杂,就是一个分三个方向的进给。但是每部分都有许多辅助零件,回想起来那就有点脑壳疼了!我想就让这些问题在设计过程中慢慢被我弄清楚,并且最好能将其改善。一步步在熟悉磨床这个工种;我想在通过进一步的查看资料,剖析磨床原理和先进加工技术。姓名 周 武 学号 1103010305 班级 3 班 学院 机电工程学院 毕业设计开题报告 题目 立柱移动式MK7125型精密数控平面磨床砂轮架及其垂直进给机构和砂轮修整器设计 姓名 周 武 学院 机电工程学院 专业 机械设计制造及其自动化 学号 1103010305 指导老师 邓朝晖 教授 二一五年 三月 二十一日湖南科技大学 2015 届毕业设计(论文)开题报告题 目立柱移动式MK7125型精密数控平面磨床砂轮架及其垂直进给机构和砂轮修整器设计作者姓名周武学号1103010305所学专业机械设计制造及其自动化1、 研究的意义,同类研究工作的国内外现状背景和研究意义磨床是磨料磨具为工具进行加工切削的机床,广泛应用于零件的精加工,尤其是淬硬钢件、高硬度特殊材料及其非金属材料的精加工。在模具制造领域,磨床也是不可缺少的工艺装备。近年来,随着科学技术的及工业的发展,各种高硬度材料日益增多,汽车和高端芯片产业也迅猛发展,对机器和仪器零件的精度和表面粗糙度要求越来越严,磨削加工就显得尤为重要。此外,高端磨削和强力磨削工业的发展使磨削效率进一步提高,因此,磨床的使用范围日益扩大。目前,他在金属切削机床中所占的比重已经达到13%27%。1997年欧洲机床展览会的调查数据表明,25%的企业认为磨削技术是他们应用的最主要加工技术。基于磨床在现代制造业中的重要作用,本次毕业设计的课题为设计一台用于机械及工具模具制造业的精密数控平面磨床,用砂轮周边磨削平面既可以磨削台阶平面,也能加工各种难加工材料。这个不光可以使我们能够综合应用四年以来所学的专业知识,为今后的深造和就业打好基础,还可以使我们对国内外机械制造业、磨床行业有进一步的认识和了解。国内外研究状况平面磨床相对于车床、铣床等采用数控系统较晚,应为他对数控系统的特殊要求。近十几年来,借助CNC技术,磨床上砂轮的连续修整,自动补偿,自动交换砂轮,多工作台,自动传送和装夹工件等操作功能得以实现,数控技术在平面磨床上逐渐普及。在近年汉诺威、东京、芝加哥、及国内大型机床展览会上,CNC磨床在整个磨床展品中已占大多数,如德国BLOHM公司,ELB公司等著名磨床制造厂已经不再生产普通磨床,日本的冈本、日兴等公司也成批生产全功能CNC平磨,在开发高档数控平磨的同时,积极发展中、低档数控平磨。目前,磨床设备的综合性能,在我国的整体制造水平与国外先进水平相比,仍然有很大的差距。研究和开发具有能耗低,效率高,适应性强的精密磨床是符合我国国情的。2、 研究目标、内容和拟解决的关键问题(根据任务要求进一步具体化)本次设计的目标为:1、 磨床总体布局设计;2、 砂轮架设计计算,绘制砂轮架机械结构装配图;3、砂轮架垂直进给机构的设计,伺服电机和滚珠丝杠副设计计算,绘制垂直进给机构结构装配图,绘制相关零件图;3、砂轮修整器设计,绘制砂轮修整器机械结构装配图;4、磨床数控系统设计和选用;5、翻译制定的英文专业文献;6、撰写毕业设计论文(说明书)。设计(研究)的重点与难点:立柱移动式MK7125型精密数控平面磨床砂轮架及其垂直进给机构和砂轮修整器设计,其中包括进给系统中滚珠丝杠副及伺服电机的设计计算,进给机构装配图及相关零件图的绘制以及其数控系统的设计、选用、硬件线路图的绘制。3、 拟采取的研究方法、步骤、技术路线拟采用的途径(研究手段):1 收集、查阅各种文献资料,初步了解数控平面磨床的整体布局及进给系统,进行精密数控磨床整体布局的设计;2 运动形式设计后,进行砂轮架垂直进给机构的设计,伺服电机和滚珠丝杠副设计计算,垂直进给机构结构装配图,绘制相关零件图;3 查阅手册,翻译、参考英文文献进行设计计算,用Auto CAD软件绘制进给系统的装配图、零件图及数控系统的硬件连线图;4 设计中遇到的疑点、难点问题通过广泛查阅文献资料、组内同学相互讨论及在指导教师的安排下在湘潭三峰数控机床有限公司进行认识实习,对精密数控平面磨床的结构有进一步的认识。4、 拟使用的主要设计、分析软件及仪器设备 CAD、Pro/E、SolidWorks5、 参考文献1 关慧贞、冯辛安等编著.机械制造装备设计.北京:机械工业出版社,20102 李伯民,赵波主编.现代磨削技术.北京:机械工业出版社,20033 任敬心等主编.磨削原理.北京:电子工业出版社,20114 张建民等编著. 机电一体化系统设计.北京:高等教育出版社, 20105 易红. 数控技术. 北京: 机械工业出版社,20056 闻邦春主编.机械设计手册(第五版).北京:机械工业出版社,20107 姚峻. CIMT2009平面磨床、复合磨床展品评述. 精密制造与自动化,2009(2):1-68 管怀蓉.数控平面磨床的电控设计.机电技术,2010年第5期:73-759 夏长凤. 基于SINUMERIK 802D 的数控平面磨床电气控制系统.机械工程与自动化 ,2010(6):178180注:1、开题报告是本科生毕业设计(论文)的一个重要组成部分。学生应根据毕业设计(论文)任务书的要求和文献调研结果,在开始撰写论文之前写出开题报告。2、参考文献按下列格式(A为期刊,B为专著)A:序号、作者(外文姓前名后,名缩写,不加缩写点,3人以上作者只写前3人,后用“等”代替。)、题名、期刊名(外文可缩写,不加缩写点)年份、卷号(期号):起止页码。B:序号、作者、书名、版次、(初版不写)、出版地、出版单位、出版时间、页码。3、表中各项可加附页。湖 南 科 技 大 学英文文献翻译学 生 姓 名: 周 武 学 院: 机 电 工 程 学 院 专业及班级: 机 设 三 班 学 号: 1103010305 指 导 教 师: 邓 朝 晖 2015 年 5 月 20 日中文译文数控系统在平面磨床上应用现状与发展趋势现代工业生产中,中、小批量零件的生产占产品数量的比例越来越高,零件的复杂性和精度要求迅速提高,传统的普通机床已经越来越难以适应现代化生产的要求,而数控机床具有高精度、高效率、一机多用,可以完成复杂型面加工过程的特点,特别是计算机技术的迅猛发展并广泛应用于数控系统中,数控装置的主要功能几乎全有软件来实现,硬件几乎能通用,从而使其更具加工柔性,功能更加强大。 制造业的竞争已从早期降低劳动力成本、产品成本,提高企业整体效率和质量的竞争,发展到全面满足顾客要求,积极开发新产品的竞争,将面临知识技术产品的更新周期越来越短,产品批量越来越小,而对质量、性能的要求更高,同时社会对环境保护、绿色制造的意识不断加强。因此敏捷先进的制造技术将成为企业赢得竞争和生存、发展的主要手段。计算机信息技术和制造自动化技术的结合越来越紧密,作为自动化柔性生产重要基础的数控机床 .在生产机床中所占比例将越来越多。 数控平磨现状及主要数控系统 平面磨床相对于机床、铣床等采用数控系统较晚,因为他对数控系统的特殊要求。近十几年来,借助CNC技术,磨床上砂轮的连续休整,自动补偿,自动交换砂轮,多工作台,自动传送和装夹工件等操作工程得以实现,数控技术在平面磨床上的逐步普及。在今年汉诺威、东京、芝加哥、及国内等大型机床展览会上,CNC磨床在整个磨床展品已占大多数,如德国BLOHM公司,ELB公司等著名磨床制造厂已经不再生产普通磨床,日本的冈本,日兴等公司也成批生产全功能CNC平磨,在开发高档数控平磨的同时,积极发汉中、低档数控平磨。 前几年德国ELB公司生产的BRILLIANT系列二坐标CNC成型磨床,其垂直和横向为数控轴,纵向为液压控制,砂轮修整采用安装在工作台上的金刚石滚轮,适用范围较广;SUPER-BRILLIANT系列是三坐标CNC平面和成型磨床,床身用天然花岗岩制成,几何精度较高,导轨用直线滚动导轨,机械驱动无反冲,从而保证工件有较好的表面光洁度;BRILLIANT-FUTURE为以上二个系列的改进产品,床身用人造花岗岩制成,纵向用静压导轨,齿形带传动,垂直和横向都贵为预加荷直线滚动导轨,滚珠丝杠传动,三轴CNC控制AC伺服电机,0.5um的测量分辨率。同时ELB公司开发了具有当代最新技术的磨床产品,即以机电一体化和计算机技术为基础的CAM-MASTER系列柔性加工单元,CAD-MASTER系列和COMPACT-MASTER系列磨削加工中心,控制轴最多可达24轴,另外由于全面推行模块化设计,使专用磨床制造周期缩短,ELB公司还开发了多种高效专用磨床,如SFVGA100/2专用磨床,具有可倾斜磨头,连续休整,缓进给,斜切入磨削功能,用十一根CNC控制轴,如同一台磨加工中心。同时还可以配用其他型号的数控系统,以满足不同用户的需求。目前,随着半导体集成度的不断提高,新推出的系统在外形上越来越小,结构上越来越紧凑,功能上增加了远程通讯,远程诊断,多机联网等等;操作界面向WINDOWS系统靠近,增加鼠标,遥控器等操作件,FANUC公司今年主要推出18I,16I,.20I,21I系统,SIEMENS是840D、810D、803D均为结构紧凑型系统。还有一些厂商如:台湾精密机械研究发展中心开发的PA800NT系列CNC控制器,就使用了WINDOWS NC操作系统,和NT及时多工处理核心,单节程序处理速度达2000块/秒,单节预读处理数可达1000块,具有AART(预适应调节技术)及参数最佳化学习功能,可使跟随误差趋近于零,软件加工路径滤波器可降低切削过程中,因加速度变化过大所产生的机械共振,从而改善表面粗超度;配用伺服灵活,具备+,- 10V类比伺服界面,同时提供国际标准的SERCOS数字伺服通讯界面;PLC程序设计有梯形图,结构语句、功能块、指令码、流程图等五种语法,便于设计、沟通和维护;具有计算机远程通讯,即时远程维护功能;控制轴和主轴最多可扩展到64轴,I/O可扩展到792/528点,采用奔腾处理器,高度PLC处理速度达到25K。还有的平磨制造厂虽然采用数控主机厂的系统,但自行开发软件,使用之更适合平面和成型磨削,如德国JUNG公司以西门子SINUMERIK810为基础,采用该公司专用软件,用JUNG KONTUR编程语言对砂轮进行成型修整,并有图形辅助操作功能。日本冈本公司在FANUC公司数控系统硬件上,开发了OPL语言用于磨削加工,等等。当今直线电机、动平衡技术、工艺的日益发展应有,又大大提高了机床的工效,适宜的测量技术应用对数控系统的开发利用,增强机床的电器自动化控制功能如虎添翼。 一种替代无心磨床技术,即通过进给使用平面磨床无心磨床。在新的方法,一个紧凑的无心磨床单位,导板,超声波履带,一个刀片,其各自持有人组成,安装在一个平面磨床工作台,并通过进给的无心磨床操作执行导板位于工件被送入空间之间的砂轮和超声波履带。超声波履带,粘接到金属弹性体的压电陶瓷器件生产,在小角度倾斜,以便提供足够的力量来控制工件的旋转运动,并沿其轴线养活超声波椭圆振动的工件。在本文中,工件的运动控制测试进行首先要确保工件转速和通过进给率可以完全控制超声波履带,这是进行高精度磨削操作是必不可少的。然后,主要工艺参数,如工件的偏心角,切削,超声波履带倾斜角度的加工精度(即工件的圆柱和工件的圆度)施加电压幅度的影响进行了澄清实验。所获得的结果表明:(1)工件转速可以通过改变外加电压幅度调整,而其通过进给率可以通过改变施加电压的幅度和超声波履带倾斜角度调整;(2)最佳偏心角为6,一个更大的切削,一个较小的倾斜角度,或更高的外加电压是更好地为更高的加工精度;(3)工件的圆柱度和圆度从初始值16.63m和14.86m的改善最后的最佳磨削条件下的1.49微米和0.74微米。 另一方面,履带型无心磨床也有吸引了来自工业和学术界的关注。设计了一个平面真空静水履带增加高精度应用的负载能力和刚度履带无心磨床。杨等人。提出了动态模型展示静水的成效为提高稳定性的履带。调查履带无心磨床的基础夹具机制系统,并提出了一个理论模型来预测驾驶粉磨系统解决夹具稳定的能力。开发的2-D几何模型预测履带无心磨床的凸角的生成和与模型分析了磨削过程。 从生产成本角度来看,两种类型的无心磨床是非常适合为小品种和largevolume的生产,因为装载/卸载工件是非常容易和快速。然而,无心磨床一种特殊用途的机器和比较昂贵的,把它在缺点为大品种和小批量的生产,近年来迅速增加的需求。作为一种解决方案这个问题。(2005年)提出一个新的无心磨床技术,可以在执行平面磨床,以前。这种方法是基于概念超声波履带无心磨床由吴等人开发的。(2003年,2004年)。的方法,一个紧凑的单元为主的超声波椭圆振动履带,一个刀片,其各自持有人安装在一个平面磨床工作台。该函数超声波履带是结合举行的圆柱形工件与刀片,并控制工件转速其上端面的椭圆运动。 根据磨削工件的相对运动车轮,三种类型无心磨床操作执行中所提出的方法:切线,进给类型,进给类型,并通过进给类型。切向进给类型(2010年)创建的,考虑到模型2-D磨床加工系统,以澄清工件的弹性变形四舍五入的过程和工艺参数的影响工件的圆度,模拟实验证实结果。进一步,吴某和徐某(2010)提出了一个实际为增加材料去除率,而最终的工件圆度保持在切向进料型的高层次的方法。在进给类型,徐和吴(2011)实验证实它的性能提出了一个模拟的方法预测工件四舍五入过程。得到的仿真和实验结果表明,在偏心角时为6,高加工精度可以得到下一个较低的砂轮进给速度,更大的切削和更快的工件旋转速度。本文件的目的是验证进给型无心磨床平面磨床上进行。为此,首先相应的实验装置通过进给类型无心磨床是构建通过修改其次是现有相切的进给类型工件运动控制测试,以确保工件转速和进给通过率可以完全控制超声波的履带,以实现高精度研磨作业。一旦工件的干涉顺时针旋转砂轮磨的实际行动开始,在轴向送入工件转速的NW砂轮的方向,在一个的VFA通过进给率。一旦工件通过修整面积,所需的股票去除率达到和火花的过程开始,直到它失去与砂轮的接触。此外,刀片是楔形顶角(通常称为叶片角度)和价值60度一般设置在最佳的工件上哈里森和皮尔斯(2004)四舍五入状况证明。英文原文Digital system in the horizontal grinder application of the status quo and development Modern industrial production,small and large parts for the production of products of the increasing proportion of parts complexity and precision requirements rapidy increase , the traditional general machine tools has become increasingly difficult to met the requirements of modern production ,and a high-precision CNC machine tools,high-efficiency,the use of a manchine can complete comple type face processing characteristics ,in particular the rapid development of computer technology and the widespread use of digital systems,digital devices from almost all major software functions to achieve ,almost to a hardware ,thereby making it more flexible processing ,functional stronger. Manufacturing competition from lower labour costs early, product cost and improve their overall efficiency and qualitiy of competition ,to meet customer demands comprehensive ,actively develop new products competitive ,will face knowledgetechnicalupdated products has become shorter and shorter, an increasing number of small products, and the quality ,performance requirements are higher ,Meanwhile community to environmental protection ,the growing awareness of green manufacturing .therefore advanced manufacturing technology will be quickly won the competition and survival of the enterprise ,the principal means of development .Computer information technology and manufacturing automation tas an important foundation for digital machine in the production of machine tools to share more. First digital Ping finds the status quo and digital systems primaril 3First, digital ping finds the status quo and digital systems primarily . Horizontal grinder compared to the lathe,milling machine,using digital systems later,the special requirements because of its digital sustems.In the past decade,with the technical facility,grinder,the grinding wheel for repair,automatic compensation,automatic exchange grinding wheel,and more workstations,such as automatic transmission and Zhuangjia working inoperable realized,and digital technology in the horizontal grinder ,gradually spread.In recent Hanover,Tokyo,Chicago,and other large domestic machine tool exhibition,CNC grinder throughout the grinder,for the majority of the exhibits,such as Germany Blohm company ELB conpanies such famous grinder factories no longer proudce ordinary grinder Japanese Forces,Japan,low digital ping himself. German production company a few years ago ELB brilliant series two Coordinates facility shaped grinder,the vertical and horizontal axis for digital,vertical for hydraulic control,grinding wheel repair work platform installed in a roller diamonds,the application of brodader;SUPER-BRILLIANT series is one-dimensional and shaped grinder Ssnzuobiao facility,the beds are manufactured using natural granite,high geometric accuracy,slide away from straight rolling guide,driving without recoiling machinery,thus ensuring a better working surface smoothness;BRILIANT-FUTURE series of improvements to the above two products,using artificial granite bed was produced by static pressure vertical guide,Chixing belt transmission,vertical and horizontal guide for pre reinforced straight rolling guide,Gunzhusigang transmission,three-axis CNC control AC servo electrical,measuring 0.5m 16ug image.ELB company has also developed the latest Technology grinder contemporary products,and integration with computer and technology-based series of soft skills CAM-MASTER processing modules CAD-MASTER series and COMPACT-MASTER series grinding processing center,a maximum of up to 24 axis control axis,As the full implementation of modular Design and anufacture of dedicated grinder cycle shortened ELB company has also developed a variety of highly efficient dedicated grinder ,such as SFVG100/2 dedicated grinder ,which will tilt Motou ,continuous improvements, toease into ,processing center . British and Amrrican companies JONES&SHIPMAN A-B company developed A-B8600 digital systems for igital FORMAT5 type ping himself form the facility hydraulic control valves ,driven vertical movement can be governor, to the use of horizontal and Motou into Gunzhusigang deputy ,Electrical DC servo driven, intermittent style grinding wheel repair ,CRT graphics simulation showed .Also be used with other types of digital systems to meet different user requirements. Currently ,the semiconductor master degrees continual incrase in the newly introduced system in the appearance of smaller ,more compact strccture functions increased distance ommuications ,remote diagnosis ,multiple plane networking etc ;Interface to the Window operating system to increase the mouse .remote operation of vehicles .Fanuc major company this year launched 18,16I,20I,21Isystem Siemens is 840D,810D,802D are tight structure type system .There are a number of manufacturers such as : Taiwan Precision CNC controls on the use of the window operating system of NC ,and NT immediate multi-processing core ,single-section procedures for processing speed 2000 pieces /s,single-section pre-1000 time to deal with a few pieces ,with Aart (pre adaptation technologies) and the parameters of the best learing function would follow error convergence to zero , the software processing path filter to reduce maching process generated by the acceleration changes excessive mechanical resonance ,thereby improving surface roughness ; with the use of servo flexible ,with+, -10v analogy servo interface It also provides international standards SERCOS digital servo communications interface design Tixingtu ;PLC procedures ,structure expressions, functional pieces ,instructions code ,flowcharts , five facilitate design, communication and maintenance; long-range communications with the computer, instant remote maintenance functions; control can be extended to a maximum axle and spindle axis 64. I/O points which can be expanded to 792/528 point, the introduction of Pentium processors, high-speed Plc processing speed to 25K.There grinding factory CNC system OEMs, but self-developed software, use it more suitable for flat and profile grinding, such as the German the JUNG company Siemens SINUMERIK810, based on using the companys proprietary software, programming Jung KONTUR Language molding trim wheel and graphics auxiliary operation. Okamoto, Japan FANUC CNC system hardware development the OPL language for grinding, and so on. Todays linear motor, balancing the increasing development of technology, process should greatly improve the ergonomics of the machine, the development and utilization of appropriate measurement techniques the application of numerical control system, enhance the machines electrical automation control functions even more powerful. This paper presents an alternative centerless grinding machine technology, that is, through feed surface grinder centerless grinder. In the new method, a compact centerless grinder units, guides, ultrasonic crawler, a blade of their respective holders, mounted in a surface grinder table at the workpiece is fed into and through feed centerless grinding machine operation is performed guides the space between the grinding wheel and the ultrasonic crawler. Ultrasonic crawler, the metal elastic body is bonded to the piezoelectric ceramic production, inclined at a small angle in order to provide sufficient strength to control the rotational movement of the workpiece, and feed the ultrasonic elliptical vibration of the workpiece along its axis. In this article, the movement of the workpiece control we must first ensure that the workpiece speed and feed rate can completely control the ultrasonic crawler, which is a high-precision grinding operation is essential. Then, the main process parameters, such as the eccentric angle of the workpiece, the cutting, the ultrasonic crawler inclination angle of the machining accuracy of the applied voltage amplitude (i.e., the roundness of the cylindrical workpiece and the workpiece) were clarified experiment. The results obtained show that: (1) the workpiece rotational speed can be adjusted by changing the amplitude of the applied voltage, by feedrate can be changed by applying a voltage magnitude and the ultrasonic crawler inclination angle of adjustment; (2) the top of the eccentric angle of 6 , a larger cutting a smaller inclination angle, or the higher the applied voltage is better for higher machining accuracy; (3) and roundness of cylindrical workpiece from the initial value 16.63m 14.86m improvement Finally, the optimum grinding conditions under 1.49 microns and 0.74 microns. On the other hand, crawler-type centerless grinder also attracted the attention from industry and academia. designed the vacuum of hydrostatic crawler increase load capacity and stiffness of the track centerless grinding machine for high-precision applications in a plane. proposed the effectiveness of the dynamic model display hydrostatic crawler improve stability. survey tracked the basis of centerless grinder fixture mechanism system, and presents a theoretical model to predict driving grinding system the ability to resolve the fixture stable. In addition, developed a 2-D geometric model forecast track centerless grinder lobe generation and model analysis of the grinding process. From the production cost point of view, the two types of the centerless grinding machine is very suitable for the production of small species and largevolume the loading / unloading of the workpiece is very easy and fast. However, the centerless grinding machine a special-purpose machines and more expensive, it disadvantages a large variety and small batch production, in recent years, the rapid increase in demand. As a solution to this problem, the authors propose a new centerless grinding machine technology, you can perform surface grinder before. This method is based on the concept of ultrasonic crawler centerless grinding machine developed by Wu et al. (2003, 2004). Method, a compact unit based ultrasonic elliptical vibration crawler, a blade of their respective holders installed on a surface grinder table. This function ultrasonic crawler cylindrical workpiece is held in conjunction with the blade and control the workpiece speed on the end face of the elliptical motion. According to the relative movement of the workpiece grinding wheel, three types of centerless grinding operation is performed in the proposed method type: tangent feed type, feed type, and through the feed. The tangential feed type, Xu. (2010) created, taking into account the model 2-D grinding machine, in order to clarify the elastic deformation of the workpiece rounding process and process parameters workpiece roundness, simulation experiments confirm the results. Further, Wu and Xu (2010) proposed an actual increase in the material removal rate, and the final roundness maintained in the tangential feed of the high-level method. Feed type, Xu and Wu (2011) experiments confirmed its performance a simulated forecastWorkpiece rounding process. The simulation and experimental results obtained show that the eccentric angle 6 , high machining accuracy can be obtained under a lower grinding wheel feed rate, the greater the cutting and faster workpiece rotation speed. The purpose of this document is to verify that feed type centerless grinder surface grinder. To do this, first the corresponding experimental device through the feed type centerless grinding machine is constructed by modifying the second is the existing tangent to feed type workpiece motion control tests to ensure that the speed of the workpiece and into the pass rate can completely control ultrasonic crawler, achieve high-precision grinding operations. Then grinding the actual operation carried out to clarify the effects of the main process parameters, such as the eccentric workpiece stock removal, ultrasonic crawler tilt angle and perspective applied voltage, the amplitude of the machining accuracy, i.e. the cylindrical workpiece round. 2. Surface grinder feed centerless grinding operation principles. Figure 1 illustrates the principle of operation through feed centerless grinding method and detailed experimental device construction. Establish the instrument by installing the grinding unit, composed of an ultrasonic elliptical vibration, the holders of the track, blades and holders, guide plate and the bottom plate to a surface grinder table. Grinding units, the crawler sub-structure bonding the piezoelectric device ceramic (PZT) separated the two electrodes (a and b) to the metal elastomer stainless steel (SUS 304). When both A (AC) signal phase difference (VA = the VP-PSIN (2 feet), VB = VP-PSIN (2 ft +), wherein (more than 20 kHz frequency f and VP-P) and the amplitude AC voltage) application of piezoelectric ceramics, bending and longitudinal ultrasonic vibration is very pleased to ultrasonic crawler. The synthetic vibration displacement in both directions, create an oval face metal elastomer (2005) motion. Therefore, the friction between the ultrasonic track the movement of the workpiece, the elliptical motion can be controlled through the workpiece. Constraints between the workpiece, the grinding wheel, the relative position of the blade and ultrasonic crawler wheel To determine eccentric angle (see Figure 1 (a). When the ultrasonic crawler is parallel to the grinding wheel axis, i.e. gamma = 0 (hereinafter referred to as the tilt angle), the crawler generated by the frictional force FF between the workpiece and the ultrasonic elliptical motion in the x direction only, and is used to control the rotational movement of the workpiece, In the tangential feed type (Wu et al, 2005; Xu et al, 2010), and the feed type (2011) centerless grinder, so that the circumferential speed of the workpiece the same as the track surface of the end face of the bending vibration velocity. However, through the feed type centerless grinding the workpiece need not only rotational movement, but also through the feed motion along the z-direction, and therefore the ultrasonic crawler is, in a small angle of inclination, i.e. gamma 0 (see Figure 1 (a), to provide adequate components FFA, friction, to control the workpiece through the feed motion. As can be seen, in traditional feed centerless grinder small taper lead size grinding wheel across a greater area of the wheel major stock removal shown in FIG. 1 (b), wherein the the trimming depth and HD trimming length. After the wheel, set at a given distance from the ultrasonic crawler track on the end face, the workpiece is located in the space between the grinding wheel and the ultrasonic crawler guides and Fed. Once the interference with the workpiece clockwise rotation of the actual action of the grinding wheel in the axial direction into the NW direction of the wheel speed of the workpiece in a VFA feed rate. Once the workpiece through the trimming area, the desired stock removal rate and the spark process begins, until it loses contact with the grinding wheel. In addition, the blade is wedge angle (often referred to as the blade angle) and the value of 60 degrees is generally set in the best workpiece Harrison and Pierce (2004) rounded prove. Experimental apparatus and the workpiece motion control test.- 10 -
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