《英语语法定语从句》PPT课件.ppt
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RevisionoftheAttributiveClause定语从句复习,高三英语第一轮复习,定义:修饰某一名词或词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,在句子中作定语,并作句子成分。因相当于形容词定语,所以又称之为形容词性从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.(名词,代词,名词词组,句子)关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,Attributiveclause:,定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。,定语从句的引导词,关系代词,关系副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语),that(主语、宾语),whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语),where(地点状语)=介词+which,when(时间状语)=介词+which,why(原因状语)=for+which,1.Theteacherswhoarepresentatourclassareallexperiencedteachers.2.Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof29girlsand31boys.3.YuxujieistheboywhoseEnglishstudyisverygoodinourclass.4.ThereasonwhyhestudiesEnglishverywellisthathestudiesveryhard.5.Theschoolwherewearestudyingisveryfamous.6.Asweallknow,ourschoolis64yearsold.,where,who,whose,As,which,why,考点与难点归纳,考点与难点归纳,1.关系副词与关系代词的选择2.that与which3.对theway的考查4.介词+关系词5.as的使用6.对where的考查7.综合考查,考点,难点,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when,which/that,where,Which/that,why,that/which,考点1:关系副词与关系代词,1)Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?2)Theonlything_wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_isstandingthere?4)Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.5)Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.,that,that,that,which,which,考点:that与which,1:先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that2:先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。3:先行词中既有人又有事物时,引导定语从句用that。4:先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。5:在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中只用that。,只使用that应遵循的规则,指物,介词后。2逗号后面,只使用which应遵循的规则,做题技巧?,填上合适的关系词并分析原因:1.Theway_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.,that/which/不填,that/inwhich/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,考点:theway用做先行词,theway做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:,缺少主语或宾语:,引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时),主语宾语都不缺:,引导词用that/inwhich/不填,考点:theway用做先行词,Theway_hespoketohismothersurprisedme.A.inwhichB.thatC./D.alltheabove,Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways_donotharmotherlivingthings.A.inwhichB.thatC./D.how,考点4:介词+关系词,1.Doyouknowtheboy_yourmotheristalking?2.Hegavemesomenovels_Iamnotveryfamiliar.3.Istillremembertheday_IfirstgottoParis.,5.(06浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which,towhom,withwhich,onwhich,Thisisthechildwhom/thatIwilltakecareof.,4.译:这是我要照顾的小孩。,难点一:as与which如何选择?,Thisisthesamepen_Iboughtyesterday。Iwanttohavesuchadictionary_hehas.3._weexpect,wewonthegame.4._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.,as,as,As,As,1.先行词被_修饰了的时候用as但so/suchas和so/suchthat有区别2.as引导定语从句可放在_3.as译为_。4.as用于固定用法中1.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanliftit.,总结:,thesame,such,so,句首,句中,句末,正如,好像,5.Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,_madehisteacherveryangry.6.Tomsuddenlyfellill,_madeussad.,which,which,1.which引导定语从句只能放在_2.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时,关系词往往只用which.,因果关系,结论:,句中,模拟训练:,1.Heissuchalazyman_nobodywantstoworkwith_.A.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Sheisluckyenoughtofindthesamehandbag_shelostyeaterdayattheairport.A.asB.whichC.thatD.like,在定语从句中thesame与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物,1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词,但也有特殊情况。,难点二:一些特殊词之后的where,解析:如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。,1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(06山东)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.(06江西)A.whyB.whereC.howD./,高考题链接:,做题要灵活:要分析句子成分,选择恰当的关系词。,whose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人,也可指物,指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.,whose的用法,wherethat1.Thisisthelibrary_Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary_Iborrowedthebook.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一:定语从句与强调句,3.-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when,难点三.综合考查,近年来,高考对定语从句和其它从句如:强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多,这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,友情提示,综合考查二:定语从句与同位语从句,1.Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.2.Wedontbelievethenews_hetoldusyesterday.,that,that/which,that/which,定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.(3)Theproblem_weshouldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou.(4)Theproblem_heaskedmetosolveishardtosolve.,that,that/which/略,that,that/which,3.定语从句和名词性从句Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(3)_isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina._isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.,As,that,What,(=what),(=what),结论:定语从句只起修饰作用,在主句中不但当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分,4.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.,that,as,inwhich,where,where,5.定语从句和并列句1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,butonhisnosethereisapairofgoldenglasses.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofgoldenglasses.,结论:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键,which,whom,综合考查三:主谓一致,theonlyone,thestudents,对比训练与巩固,1.Weshouldgototheplace_wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.what,B,C,对比训练,YingDeisacity,_isfamousforitsblacktea.YingDeisacity,_thereisaBaojingPalace.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.there,A,C,对比训练,1.ItwasOctober_wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.2.ItwasinOctober_wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.while,C,A,对比训练,1.Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllikehim.2.Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllike.A.whomB.thatC.asD.which,B,C,对比训练,ThenewscametheBritishQueensmothercelebratedher101thbirthdayingoodhealth,isntsurprising,becauseshelivesaneasylifeandgetsthebestmedicalcare.A.that;whichB.which;whichC.that;thatD.when;as,对比训练,1.Thisisthefactoryin_heworkedlastyear.2.Thisistheveryfactory_hevisitedlastyear.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.as,B,A,对比训练,1.RecentlyIboghtanancientChinesevase,_pricewasveryreasonable.,2.RecentlyIbougthanancientChinesevase,theprice_wasveryreasonable.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.ofwhose,B,A,对比训练,1.Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.2.Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.themB.whoC.whichD.whom,A,D,对比训练,能力提升,Ourclassisabigfamily.Itconsistsof29girlsand31boys.Mostofthemaremainlyfromthecountryside.Yanghongisakind-heartedboy.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuchagoodboythatwealllikehim.,Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof29girlsand31boys,mostofwhomaremainlyfromthecountryside.Yanghongisakind-heartedboy,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuchagoodboyaswealllike.,定语从句的运用,根据下列句子,完成短文。,众所周知,2008年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言,将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生,我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样,才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。,注意:要使用定语从句.,Homework,Asisknowntoall,Beijingwillhostthe2008OlympicGames.English,whichisaninternationallanguage,playsanimportantpartincommunicatingwithforeigners.WeSeniorThreestudentsshouldseizethisopportunitytolearnitwell,bywhichwecanmakeourcontributionstotheOlympicGames.,Practicemakesperfect!,Mayyousucceedinyourstudies!,Thankyou!,难点一:as的用法,做题技巧?,当主句中出现such或so时,看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语:,(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as,(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that,当主句中出现thesame时,后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物,1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?,D,Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastWeek?,A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theone,B,解题关键:如果是疑问句式,将其转化为陈述句式。,3.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,Shewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.,A,解题思路:,通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。题干句如果是疑问句式,将其转化为陈述句式。分析从句的句子结构,在定语从句中,缺什么,就补什么:缺主或宾语,用关系代词;缺状语,用关系副词4.,根据上述两步,确定使用关系代词时,要兼顾一些特殊情况。尤其要注意以下几种情况:1、只能用that作关系代词的情况;2、只能用which作关系代词的情况;3、宜用who,而不用that指人的情况;4、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别;5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。,Revision1theusageoftherelativepronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,theusageoftherelativeadverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,- 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