0245-某中外合资机械厂变电所及配电系统设计【全套9张CAD图】
0245-某中外合资机械厂变电所及配电系统设计【全套9张CAD图】,全套9张CAD图,中外合资,机械厂,变电所,配电,系统,设计,全套,cad
外文翻译Domestic and foreign transformers development present situationSince a century, the power transformer principle not has changed, along with the age advancement, the advanced production equipment consummates day by day, thus each technical parameter is increasingly advanced.The distribution transformer (1) the overseas overseas distribution transformer capacity arrives 2500kVA, some two kind of iron cores pattern: Circular and ellipse. The circular occupies the overwhelming majority, the ellipse because the hard spacing is small, thus the needed materials may reduce, its corresponding coil is the ellipse. The low-voltage winding has the wire type and the foil type, the fuel tank has the belt to disperse the heat pipe and the ripple -like. Moreover, Americas with three-phase power supply, multipurpose single phase transformer, this kind of power supply system line loss small, movement economy, but transformer because many for single-phase, the needed materials comparatively three-phase use the labor to be many. (2) domestic our country because the power supply system and Europe are same, always only makes the three-phase transformer, at present main product for new S9, capacity to 1600kVA. New S9 has the better economic indicator, also has the very high reliability, has performed 800 products short-circuit tests, trial produced the appraisal from 1996, had 400 factories to 1999 years end to obtain the production qualifications. Has approximately 10 plant productions ripple type fuel tank, movement new S9 approximately composes 25%.The doing -like transformer (1) the overseas epoxy resin pours the doing -like transformer, overseas from the 60s productions, the technology is day by day mature. This kind of transformer includes: The belt padding, the pure resin, circle the package, each kind of craft, the structure coexist. According to German experts discussed that, the voltage biggest arrives 36kV, the capacity may reach 30MVA. A German factory, year productivity above 2000MVA. The American power distribution market dryly changes yearly produces 380,000, oil bath type transformer 1.48 million, dryly changes a number to occupy 20, the capacity occupies 30. The European power distribution oil bath type transformer always has the quantity 2500kVA 1.6 million; Dryly changes always has quantity 400,000, accounts for 10%.(2) domestic pours the type doing -like transformer scientific research work to start to compare early, the 70s intermediate stages namely produce the ship with the 160kVA transformer, the mass production or in the end of the 80s, at present the belt padding, the pure resin, circles a package of 3 kind to produce, but occupies most by the pure resin.The difficult fuel oil transformer (1) overseas overseas to have produced the petroleum class, the fats, the silicone oil class difficult fuel oil transformer, according to incomplete statistics, the total quantity has reached 10GVA, distributes in each big continent use. This kind of oil ignite in 300 Degree Celsius above, tallies internationally on to the difficult fuel oil request, its maximum capacity is 60kV, 15MVA. (2) the domestic Guangzhou high-voltage equipment plant trial produced S12 in 1988 the 200kVA fuel oil transformer, the Tonghua transformer factory has not trial produced silicone oil transformer 315kVA in 1985 which the subway used, the Shenyang transformer factory has trial produced Midel7131 in 1989 difficult fuel oil transformer 630kVA. Because the oil source price high, the raw material is impeded, later has not reproduced.The SF6 transformer (1) overseas Japan is now produces SF6 transformer most countries, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Hitachi, Fuji can produce, first three have produced 275kV, 300MVA the SF6 transformer, uses in Japan. These four have the product to enter our country, mainly is 110kV, 31.5 63MVA. Take 63MVA as the example, for the strong gas forced-air cooling, gross weight 78t, main body SF6 heavy 450kg, the year, installs underground in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, on the transformer substation movement. (2) the domestic our country Beijing second transformer factory has produced 10kV SF6 transformer series 100 1000kVA to reach 100, at present also is continuing to produce. To the 110kV level product, the related factory, is being considered. To the SF6 transformer, in the world has two viewpoints, one kind thought may use, not greatly affects to the environment; One kind thought cannot use, is influential to the environmental protection. In the world still did not have the conclusion, or not still at discussed to its development, should prudently study. The combined type transformer substation and the combined type transformer (1) overseas Europe namely produces 24 36kV combined type transformer substation from the 60s, is the conventional transformer substation high-voltage switch equipment, the distribution transformer, the low pressure switching gear combines is supplying power together. It has the volume young, the area young, the price low, supplies power quick as well as practical, is artistic, merit and so on economy, holds the widespread market in Europe. In Americas, because for, uses electricity the system characteristic, then produces 10kV to insert pulls out the type transformer, it is the simple high pressure load switch, the fuse installs to transformer box in vivo uses the electric cable insertion power supply, and the belt arrester, has the simple high-pressured protection, in low pressure side then only has heads, the merit is the volume small, the price position is low. (2) the domestic combined type transformer domestic product enhances high-voltage switch thermally stable electric current 12kA 16kA, is advantageous to the ring net power supply. Inserts to 10kV pulls out the type transformer also to have some improvements, some have matched the low pressure cabinet and so on, convenient user. These two kind of products because the amount of use big, the surface is broad, already gradually in substitution tradition low pressure transformer substation. In the next 20 years, the transformer class product technology economic indicator will hasten advanced, the crystalless alloy in matches changes in the scope gradually to substitute for the traditional silicon steel plate; The combined type transformer and all from protects the transformer in to match changes the ratio regular meeting which in the scope occupies to increase year by year; Difficult fuel oil transformer soon in home production promotion; Three Gorges 500kV, the 840MVA host will change mesozoically produces in the next ten year projects, Its exchange changes the electric capacity to reach 24750MVA; The 750kV level northwest system and the transformer will appear in 2005; 500kV will trade changes the depressor to have the certain production; Million volts levels systems and its the transformer will appear in the our country 21st century 20s. About the next 20 years, the superconductivity uses in the transformer production in the technology, economical general is feasible.国内外变压器发展现状 一个世纪以来,电力变压器原理未曾改变,随着年代的推进,先进生产设备日臻完善,因而各项技术参数愈来愈先进。配电变压器(1)国外 国外配电变压器容量到2500kVA,有两种铁心型式:圆形与椭圆形。圆形的占绝大多数,椭圆形的由于铁心柱的间距小,因而用料可以减少,其对应线圈为椭圆形。低压线圈有线绕式与箔式,油箱有带散热管的与波纹式的。另外,美洲用三相四线制供电,多用单相变压器,这种供电制线路损耗小,运行经济,但变压器因多为单相,用料用工较三相多。(2)国内 我国因供电制与欧洲一样,历来只做三相变压器,目前主要产品为新S9型,容量到1600kVA。新S9有较好的经济指标,也有很高的可靠性,做了800台产品的短路试验,从1996年试制鉴定,到1999年末已有400家工厂取得生产资格。有约10家工厂生产波纹式油箱,运行的新S9约占25%。干式变压器(1)国外 环氧树脂浇注干式变压器,国外从60年代生产,技术日趋成熟。这种变压器有:带填料的、纯树脂的、绕包的,各种工艺、结构并存。据德国一位专家谈,电压最大到36kV,容量可达30MVA。德国一家工厂,年生产量在2000MVA以上。美国配电市场干变年产38万台,油浸式变压器148万台,干变台数占20,容量占30。欧洲配电油浸式变压器总有量2500kVA的200万台,2500kVA的160万台;干变总有量40万台,占10%。(2)国内 浇注式干式变压器科研工作开始比较早,70年代中期即生产船用160kVA变压器,成批生产还是在80年代末,目前带填料、纯树脂、绕包的3种均生产,而以纯树脂的占多数。难燃油变压器(1)国外 国外已生产了石油类、脂类、硅油类难燃油变压器,据不完全统计,总量已达10GVA,分布在各大洲使用。这类油燃点均在300以上,符合国际上对难燃油的要求,其最大容量为60kV、15MVA。(2)国内 广州高压电器厂于1988年试制了S12型200kVA不燃油变压器,通化变压器厂于1985年试制了地铁使用的硅油变压器315kVA,沈阳变压器厂于1989年试制了Midel7131难燃油变压器630kVA。由于油源价高、原料不畅,以后未再生产。SF6变压器(1)国外 日本是当今生产SF6变压器最多的国家,三菱、东芝、日立、富士均能生产,前三家生产过275kV、300MVA SF6变压器,在日本使用。这四家均有产品进入我国,主要为110kV、31.563MVA。以63MVA为例,为强气风冷,总重78t,本体SF6重450kg,年漏气率1,装在北京、深圳、上海的地下、地上变电站运行。(2)国内 我国北京第二变压器厂已生产10kV SF6的变压器系列1001000kVA达100台,目前还在继续生产。对110kV级产品,有关厂、所正在考虑中。对SF6变压器,世界上有两种观点,一种认为可用,对环境无大影响;一种认为不能用,对环保有影响。世界上尚无定论,对其发展与否尚在探讨中,应慎重研究。 组合式变电站与组合式变压器(1)国外 欧洲从60年代起即生产2436kV组合式变电站,即是将常规变电站的高压开关设备、配电变压器、低压开关设备组合在一起供电。它具有体积小、占地面积小、价格低、供电快以及实用、美观、经济等优点,在欧洲占有广泛的市场。在美洲,由于供、用电制的特点,则生产10kV插拔式变压器,它是将简单的高压负荷开关、熔断器装于变压器箱体内而用电缆插入供电,并带避雷器,具有简单的高压保护,在低压侧则只有4个端子头,优点是体积小、价位低。(2)国内 组合式变压器国产化后将高压开关热稳定电流12kA提高到16kA,有利于环网供电。对10kV插拔式变压器也有一些改进,有的配了低压柜等,方便用户。这两类产品由于使用量大、面广,已逐步在取代传统低压变电所。 今后20年内,变压器类产品的技术经济指标将愈趋先进,非晶合金将在配变范围内逐步取代传统硅钢片;组合式变压器和全自保护变压器在配变范围内所占的比例会逐年增加;难燃油变压器不久将在国内生产推广;三峡500kV、840MVA主变将在下一个十年工程中生产出来,其交流变电容量达24750MVA;750kV级西北系统及变压器将在2005年出现;500kV换流变压器将有一定的生产;百万伏级系统及其变压器将在我国21世纪20年代内出现。在下个20年左右,超导用于变压器生产在技术、经济上将是可行的。
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