0341-空气滤清器壳落料、正反拉伸复合模设计【全套11张CAD图】
0341-空气滤清器壳落料、正反拉伸复合模设计【全套11张CAD图】,全套11张CAD图,空气滤清器,壳落料,正反,拉伸,复合,设计,全套,11,十一,cad
毕业设计(论文)开题报告1.结合课题任务情况,根据所查阅的文献资料,撰写15002000字左右的文献综述。选题 空气滤清器壳正反拉伸复合模设计一、本选题的目的和意义 模具被称为工业产品之母。所以工业的高速发展也离不开模具工业的不断进步。中国模具巿场规模巨大,随着国内模具工业高速发展,技术也获得了较大的飞跃,但是,仍然面对高档模具以进口为主的尴尬局面。提升技术实力,乃是中国模具工业发展的前途所在。随着冲压金属制品在机械、电子、交通、国防、建筑、农业等各行业的广泛应用,对冷冲压模具的需求日益增加,冲压模在国民经济中的重要性也日益突出。模具作为一种高附加值和技术密集型产品,其技术水平的高低已经成为一个国家制造业水平的重要标志之一。因此我选择了模具设计的课题,即设计一副能够生产所给空气滤清器壳的模具,并且结构合理、能保证制品的精度、表面质量。在设计中能熟练使用PRO/E、AUTOCAD等机械、模具相关绘图软件。 二、国内外发展情况1、.国内方面: 模具生产技术水平的高低,已成为衡量一个国家产品制造水平高低的重要标志,因为模具在很大程度上决定着产品的质量、效益和新产品的开发能力。中国经济的高速发展对模具工业提出了越来越高的要求,也为其发展提供了巨大的动力。近10年来,中国模具工业一直以每年15%左右的增长速度快速发展。但与发达国家相比,中国模具工业无论在技术上,还是在管理上,都存在较大差距。特别在大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具技术上,差距尤为明显。中国每年需要大量进口此类模具,在模具产品结构上,中低档模具相对过剩,市场竞争加剧价格偏低,降低了许多模具企业的效益。而中高档模具能力不足,模具的开发能力较弱,技术人才严重不足,科研开发和技术攻关投入少等一系列问题,严重制约了中国模具行业的发展。 由于近年市场需求的强大拉动,中国模具工业高速发展,市场广阔,产销两旺。2003年我国模具产值达到450亿元人民币以上,约折合50多亿美元,按模具总量排名,中国紧随日本、美国其后,位居世界第三。中国模具已涵盖了各种用于金属和非金属成形的特殊装备,被分为10大类、46小类。1996年至2002年间,中国模具制造业的产值年平均增长14%左右,2003年增长25%左右,广东、江苏、浙江、山东等模具发达地区的增长在25%以上。近两年,我国的模具技术有了很大的提高,生产的模具有些已接近或达到国际水平。2003年模具出口3.368亿美元,比上年增长在33.5%,形势喜人。 总的来看,我国技术含量低的模具已供过于求,市场利润空间狭小,而技术含量较高的中、高档模具还远不能适应国民经济发展的需要,精密、复杂的冲压模具和塑料模具、轿车覆盖件模具、电子接插件等电子产品模具等高档模具仍有很大一部分依靠进口。 近五年来,我国平均每年进口模具约11.2亿美元,2003年就进口了近13.7亿美元的模具,这还未包括随设备和生产线作为附件带进来的模具。中国现有模具企业超过2万家,从业人数50多万人。中国的模具生产目前主要集中在华南和华东,大约占了全国模具制造业产值和销售额的三分之二,每年平均增长在20%左右。 2、国外方面: 我国模具生产厂中多数是自产自配的工模具车间(分厂),自产自配比例高达60%左右,而国外模具超过70%属商品模具。专业模具厂大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的组织形式,而国外大多是“小而专”、“小而精”。国内大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的模具占总量比例不足30%,而国外在50%以上。2004年,模具进出口之比为3.71,进出口相抵后的净进口额达13.2亿美元,为世界模具净进口量最大的国家。 3、未来冲压模具制造技术发展趋势模具技术的发展应该为适应模具产品“交货期短”、“精度高”、“质量好”、“价格低”的要求服务。达到这一要求急需发展如下几项:(1)全面推广CAD/CAM/CAE技术模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术是模具设计制造的发展方向。随着微机软件的发展和进步,普及CAD/CAM/CAE技术的条件已基本成熟,各企业将加大CAD/CAM技术培训和技术服务的力度;进一步扩大CAE技术的应用范围。计算机和网络的发展正使CAD/CAM/CAE技术跨地区、跨企业、跨院所地在整个行业中推广成为可能,实现技术资源的重新整合,使虚拟制造成为可能。 (2)高速铣削加工国外近年来发展的高速铣削加工,大幅度提高了加工效率,并可获得极高的表面光洁度。另外,还可加工高硬度模块,还具有温升低、热变形小等优点。高速铣削加工技术的发展,对汽车、家电行业中大型型腔模具制造注入了新的活力。目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向发展。(3)模具扫描及数字化系统高速扫描机和模具扫描系统提供了从模型或实物扫描到加工出期望的模型所需的诸多功能,大大缩短了模具的在研制制造周期。有些快速扫描系统,可快速安装在已有的数控铣床及加工中心上,实现快速数据采集、自动生成各种不同数控系统的加工程序、不同格式的CAD数据,用于模具制造业的“逆向工程”。模具扫描系统已在汽车、摩托车、家电等行业得到成功应用,相信在“十五”期间将发挥更大的作用。 (4)电火花铣削加工电火花铣削加工技术也称为电火花创成加工技术,这是一种替代传统的用成型电极加工型腔的新技术,它是有高速旋转的简单的管状电极作三维或二维轮廓加工(像数控铣一样),因此不再需要制造复杂的成型电极,这显然是电火花成形加工领域的重大发展。国外已有使用这种技术的机床在模具加工中应用。预计这一技术将得到发展。 (5)提高模具标准化程度我国模具标准化程度正在不断提高,估计目前我国模具标准件使用覆盖率已达到30%左右。国外发达国家一般为80%左右。 (6)优质材料及先进表面处理技术选用优质钢材和应用相应的表面处理技术来提高模具的寿命就显得十分必要。模具热处理和表面处理是否能充分发挥模具钢材料性能的关键环节。模具热处理的发展方向是采用真空热处理。模具表面处理除完善应发展工艺先进的气相沉积(TiN、TiC等)、等离子喷涂等技术。(7)模具研磨抛光将自动化、智能化模具表面的质量对模具使用寿命、制件外观质量等方面均有较大的影响,研究自动化、智能化的研磨与抛光方法替代现有手工操作,以提高模具表面质量是重要的发展趋势。(8)模具自动加工系统的发展这是我国长远发展的目标。模具自动加工系统应有多台机床合理组合;配有随行定位夹具或定位盘;有完整的机具、刀具数控库;有完整的数控柔性同步系统;有质量监测控制系统。2.要研究或解决的问题、拟采用的方法或技术路线这次设计的任务是设计制造空气滤清器壳的一副模具,并绘出模具装配图、模具零件图以及编写设计说明书。首先我们需要知道模具在加工中的作用和设计的基本要求。模具的作用是将压力机的作用力通过模具传递给金属板料,在其内部产生使之变形的内力,使板料毛坯发生变形,从而获得满足一定性能要求的及符合所需尺寸及形状的制品。在生产实际中。模具的作用在于保证冲件的质量、提高生产率和降低成本等。为此除了采用行之有效的工艺手段、进行正确的模具设计及选择合理的模具结构之外,还必须满足以下几个要求:制造精度高 操作性能良好 使用寿命长 制造周期短 模具成本低。对于空气滤清器壳,它属于带凸缘圆筒型件,从结构上我们可以得知需要落料、正拉深和反拉深三个工序过程。从零件的工艺性分析可以看出此零件对落料是很适合的。但从拉深方面考虑就需要计算出拉深系数,判断能否一次拉深成功,这也是本设计中需要重点分析的地方。再有对模具结构和压力机的选择也是重点。在模具零件的结构设计上,也需要注意很多细小而不可忽视的问题。对于整个设计过程可以按以下的方法来设计计算。1、 取得必要的资料 取得注明具体技术要求的产品零件图。 收集工件加工的工艺工艺过程卡片。 了解工件的生产批量。 确认工件原材料的规格及毛坯情况。 熟悉冲压车间的设备和情况。2、 确定工艺方案 对零件进行工艺性分析。 根据工艺计算,确定工序数目。 计算拉深系数,确定拉深次数。 根据生产批量、尺寸大小、精度要求选择合理的加工方案。3、 进行必要的工艺计算。 设计材料的排样和计算毛坯尺寸。 计算落料力、卸料力、压边力、拉深力和顶件力等。 计算或估算模具各主要零件的厚度。 计算凸、凹模的工作部分尺寸。4、 模具的总体设计在上述分析计算的基础上,进行模具的结构的总体设计,估算出外形尺寸。5、 模具主要零部件的结构设计 工作部分零件的设计。(凸模、凹模、凸凹模等) 定位零件的设计。(挡料销) 卸料零件的设计。(卸料板) 导向零件的设计。(导柱、导套)6、 选定冲压设备 压力机的标称压力必须大于冲压的工艺力。 压力机的装模高度必须符合模具的闭合高度的要求。 压力机的行程要符合要求。7、 绘制模具总图 主视图 俯视图 工件图 排样图 列出明细表 技术要求及说明8、 绘制各非标准件的零件图9、 分析一个主要零件的加工工艺路线。3.成果预测完成本次设计后将会对我大学所学的知识进行巩固,使我所学的各种专业知识在实践中得以应用,在设计过程中也将会对绘图的能力的提高有很大的帮助,还能使我的AUTOCAD和PRO/E的应用能力加强,设计的成果可以供其它同类零件的模具设计参考和借鉴。4.时间进度计划2005.12.202006.01.02 完成毕业设计的选题和开题报告。2005.01.032006.01.20 对设计的相关资料进行整理。2006.03.102006.03.21 进行设计的初期计算。2006.03.222006.04.05 设计模具的结构。2006.04.052006.05.01 绘制装配图和零件图。2006.05.022006.05.15 对整个设计进行合理性检查。2006.05.162006.05.25 设计说明书的输入以及毕业答辩的准备。2006.06.022006.06.06 毕业设计答辩。5.指导教师意见(对课题方案的可行性、深度、广度及工作量的意见) 指导教师_ 年 月 日6.教研室意见 教研室主任_ 年 月 日说明:开题报告作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一,此报告应在导师指导下,由学生填写,将作为毕业设计(论文)成绩考查的重要依据,经导师签署意见及教研室审查后生效。文献综述选题 空气滤清器壳正反拉伸复合模设计一、本选题的目的和意义 模具被称为工业产品之母。所以工业的高速发展也离不开模具工业的不断进步。中国模具巿场规模巨大,随着国内模具工业高速发展,技术也获得了较大的飞跃,但是,仍然面对高档模具以进口为主的尴尬局面。提升技术实力,乃是中国模具工业发展的前途所在。随着冲压金属制品在机械、电子、交通、国防、建筑、农业等各行业的广泛应用,对冷冲压模具的需求日益增加,冲压模在国民经济中的重要性也日益突出。模具作为一种高附加值和技术密集型产品,其技术水平的高低已经成为一个国家制造业水平的重要标志之一。因此我选择了模具设计的课题,即设计一副能够生产所给空气滤清器壳的模具,并且结构合理、能保证制品的精度、表面质量。在设计中能熟练使用PRO/E、AUTOCAD等机械、模具相关绘图软件。 二、模具工业的现状现代模具行业是技术、资金密集型的行业。它作为重要的生产装备行业在为各行各业服务的同时,也直接为高新技术产业服务。由于模具生产要采用一系列高新技术,如CAD/CAE/CAM/CAPP等技术、计算机网络技术、激光技术、逆向工程和并行工程、快速成型技术及敏捷制造技术、高速加工及超精加工技术等等,因此,模具工业已成为高新技术产业的一个重要组成部分,有人说,现代模具是高技术背景下的工艺密集型工业。模具技术水平的高低,在很大程度上决定着产品的质量、效益和新产品的开发能力,因此已成为衡量一个国家产品制造水平高低的重要标志。 模具工业是无以伦比的效益放大器。用模具加工产品大大提高了生产效率,而且还具有节约原材料、降低能耗和成本、保持产品高一致性等特点。因此模具被称为效益放大器,在国外,模具被称为金钥匙、进入富裕社会的原动力等等。从另一个角度上看,模具是人性化、时代化、个性化、创造性的产品。更重要的是模具发展了,使用模具的产业其产品的国际竞争力也提高了。据国外统计资料,模具可带动其相关产业的比例大约是1:100,即模具发展1亿元,可带动相关产业100亿元。 模具不是批量生产的产品。它具有单件生产和对特定用户的依赖特性。就模具行业来说,引进国外先进技术,不能采用通常的引进产品许可证和技术转让等方式,而主要是引进已经商品化了的CAD/ CAM /CAE软件和精密加工设备等。模具的CAD/CAE/CAM涉及面广、集多种学科与工程技术于一体,是综合型、技术密集型产品。如塑料模具的CAE技术要利用高分子材料学、流变学、传热学、计算力学、计算机图形学等知识,涉及的领域还包括声波及电磁场、温度场等各类物理场,通过工程分析、来建立塑料成型的数学和物理模型,构造有效的数值计算方法,实现成型过程的动态仿真分析。现代化的模具要实现数字化设计、数字化制造、数字化管理、数字化生产流程。这些模具的数字化代表了现代模具的一个方面,没有模具的数字化,就没有现代模具。模具的CAD/CAE/CAM技术日新月异,重要的工作是后续对人员的培训和对于引进的软件进行二次开发。像我们熟知的CIMATRON公司不但在塑料模具的CAD/ CAM软件上在中国保持其市场占有率并且在扩大,而且在冲压模具、多成份橡胶制鞋模具等领域开拓,也将大显身手;开发FUTABA、LKM、MISUMI标准模架数据库的工作也已提上日程。这是为模具行业服务的具体体现。 1我国模具工业基本状况简介 我国模具工业近年来发展很快,据不完全统计,2003年我国模具生产厂点约有万多家,从业人员约50多万人,2004年模具行业的发展保持良好势头,模具企业总体上订单充足,任务饱满,2004年模具产值530亿元。进口模具18.13亿 美元,出口模具4.91亿美元,分别比2003年增长18%、32.4%和45.9%。进出口之比2004年为3.69:1,进出口相抵后的进净口达13.2亿美元,为净进口量较大的国家。 在万多家生产厂点中,有一半以上是自产自用的。在模具企业中,产值过亿元的模具企业只有20多家,中型企业几十家,其余都是小型企业,多数只有几十名职工,百十万产值,自有资金有限,靠自我发展很困难。 近年来, 模具行业结构调整和体制改革步伐加快,主要表现为:大型、精密、复杂、长寿命中高档模具及模具标准件发展速度快于一般模具产品;塑料模和压铸模比例增大;专业模具厂数量增加,能力提高较快;三资及私营企业发展迅速;国企股份制改造步伐加快等。 2004年模具行业还显现另外两个特点,一是各地政府对模具工业的发展进一步关注。许多地方政府进一步认识到模具工业对发展制造业的重要意义,因此加强了模具工业园区的建设。已有的园区进一步扩大,如宁波余姚、宁海和苏州昆山等模具园区都有所扩大;新的模具工业园区正在加紧建设,如重庆、大连、深圳市等已建立模具园区;另外沈阳、西安、成都、上海、宁波北仑、浙江黄岩等地都在积极筹备建立模具园区,以利带动地区模具及相关产业链乃至制造业的发展,有些高科园内模具企业已占有相当的份量,像天津高新区就有40多家模具企业。 二是外资及社会投资模具产业增长显著。许多地方加强了吸引外资及合资投入模具工业的工作,特别是在高新技术园区和工业园区,外资、合资模具企业进一步增加,如苏州昆山模具园区,60%以上是外资企业。大连模具园区到日本、韩国招商。而有些地区高科技园内模具企业已占有相当的份量,像天津高新区有40多家模具企业。由于汽车产业发展的拉动,社会投资模具产业有所加强,如五粮液集团投资5亿元建立汽车模具生产厂,比亚迪公司投资2亿元建立了北京汽车模具公司,等等。 从地区分布来说,以珠江三角洲和长江三角洲为中心的东南沿海地区(模具产值已占全国总量的70%左右)发展快于中西部地区,南方的发展快于北方。目前发展最快、模具生产较为集中的省份是广东和浙江。我国模具总量虽然已位居日、美、德之后,但设计制造水平在总体上要比德、美、日、法、意等发达国家落后许多,也要比英国、加拿大、西班牙、葡萄牙、韩国、新加坡等有差距。 2落后和差距主要表现在下列几方面 (1)总量供不应求、产品结构不够合理。 其中中低档模具供过于求,中高档模具自配率严重不足,大量进口。国内模具总量中属大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具的比例不足30%,国外在50%以上。 (2)企业组织结构都不够合理。 我国模具生产厂点中多数是自产自配的工模具车间(分厂),自产自配比例高达60%左右,国外70%以上是商品模具;专业模具厂也大多数是大而全 、小而全的组织形式,国外模具企业是大而专、大而精。2004年中国模协在德国访问时,从德国工、模具行业组织-德国机械制造商联合会(VDMA)工模具协会了解到,德国有模具企业约5000家。2003年德国模具产值达48亿欧元。其中(VDMA)会员模具企业有90家,这90家骨干模具企业的产值就占德国模具产值的90%,可见其规模效益。 (3) 工艺装备水平低,且配套性不好,利用率低,技术结构、模具产品水平比国际水平低许多。而模具生产周期却要比国际水平长许多。 产品水平低主要表现在对后续使用模具制造制件的工艺(如冲压工艺)理解上,在模具设计上;在加工中精度、型腔表面粗糙度、寿命及模具的复杂程度上等。现代模具行业是技术密集型、资金密集型的产业,由于模具行业是微利行业,因而总体来看模具行业在科研开发和技术攻关方面投入太少,至使科技进步的步伐跟不上模具市场的需要。虽然国内许多企业已引进了不少国外先进设备,但总的来看装备水平仍比国外企业落后许多,特别是设备数控率和CAD/CAM应用覆盖率要比国外企业低得多。由于体制和资金等方面原因,引进设备不配套、设备与附配件不配套现象十分普遍,设备利用率低,开发能力较差,科研开发及技术攻关方面投入太少。不重视产品开发,在市场经济中常处于被动地位。 (4)技术人才严重不足,经济效益欠佳。随着时代的进步和技术的发展,能掌握和运用新技术的人才如模具结构设计、模具工艺设计异常短缺,高级钳工及企业管理人才也非常紧缺。我国模具企业技术人员比例低,水平也较低,我国每个职工平均每年创造模具产值约合1万美元左右,国外模具工业发达国家大多1520万美元,有的达到 2530万美元。我国模具企业大都微利,缺乏后劲。 (5)与国际水平相比,模具企业的管理落后更甚于技术落后。技术落后易被发现,管理落后易被忽视。国内大多数模具企业还沿用过去作坊式管理模式,真正实现现代化企业管理的还不多。信息化、数字化管理在模具企业应用现在刚刚开始。 (6)专业化、标准化、商品化的程度低,协作差。 由于长期以来受大而全小而全影响,模具专业化生产水平低,专业化分工不细,商品化程度也低。目前国内每年生产的模具,商品模具只占40%左右,其余为自产自用。模具企业之间协作不好,难以完成较大规模的模具成套任务。与国际水平相比要落后许多。模具标准化水平低, 模具标准件使用覆盖率低也对模具质量、成本有较大影响,特别是对模具制造周期有很大影响。 20年来我国模具制造水平有了很大的提高,模具的CAD/ CAM已很普遍,CAE/CAPP也在积极推广。如今我国生产的模具精度已达到微米级,与20年前相比,模具寿命提高了几十倍,模具生产周期缩短了约3/4,模具的标准件使用覆盖率从几乎是零,达到45%左右。 20年来我国模具人才的培养也上了一个很大的台阶。20年前我国大专院校都没有设立模具专业的,而如今,已有六、七十所大专院校设立了模具专业。中国模协在全国建有38个模具人才培训基地。 上述情况正是我们模具行业和模具相关行业要一同努力,使之发展的领域,在这里也希望有越来越多的人加入到模具的行列中。三、参考文献1、卢吉连著,我国模具应用技术现状与发展,模具技术,2000年, 第六期 90-922、胡石玉 龚光容著,模具制造技术,南京 东南大学出版社,1997年12月 1-53、黄毅宏著,模具知道工艺,北京 机械工业出版社,2000年,1-44、李发致著,模具先进制造技术,北京 机械工业出版社,2003年,1-135、陈良杰著,国外模具技术发展动态,模具工业,2005年,第一期,1-66、高佩福著,实用模具制造技术,第二版,北京 中国轻工业出版社,2000年 7、万战胜著,冲压工艺及模具设计,北京 中国铁道出版社,1995年8、模具实际与制造技术教育丛书编委会编,模具结构设计,机械工业出版社,2004年9、王树勋著,模具实用技术设计综合手册,广州 华南理工大学出版社,1995年10、冯晓曾 王家瑛 何世禹著,模具寿命指南,机械工业出版社,1994年11、周永泰著,改革开放以来我国模具工业发展主要成就,模具工业,2005年,第三期12、郭广兴著,U型弯曲模具磨耗分析及解决,天津汽车,2002年,第一期13、程西智,郝永辉著,中厚板弯曲的最高效工艺设计及最优化模具设计的研究探讨,机电信息,2005年,第十三期14、山东大学材料学院高军张国强吴恩启赵振铎 济南历下高信模具厂董云青张凤文,弯曲件成形工艺及其模具设计,航空制造技术,2002年 第八期15、王德俊著,板料弯曲的新工艺与新模具,机电工程技术 2005年 第34卷 第5期16、史建国, 胡志越, 徐刚著,V、U 形件弯曲时坯料的偏移原因及控制方法,轻工机械2005 年第2 期Mold high speed milling processing technologyThe abstract Introduced the high speed milling in the mold processing application as well as the influence, and brief introduction high speed milling engine bed structure, control system and cutting tool. Has carried on the simple analysis to the high speed processing craft.Key word high speed milling; mold processingFirst, forewordIn the modern mold production, along with to models artistic and the function must obtain more and more high, models the internal structure to design more and more complex, the mold contour design day by day is also complex, the free curved surface accounts for the proportion to increase unceasingly, the corresponding mold structure also designs more and more complex. These all set a higher request to the mold processing technology, not only should guarantee the high manufacture precision and the surface quality, moreover must pursue the processing surface artistic. Along with is unceasingly thorough to the high speed processing engineering research, is processing the engine bed, the numerical control system, the cutting tool system, CAD/ especially Correlation technology and so on CAM software develops unceasingly under the impetus, high speed processes the technology more and more many to apply in the mold cavity processing and the manufacture.The numerical control high-speed cutting processing took in the mold manufacture a most important advanced manufacture technology, is the collection is highly effective, high quality, the low consumption in a body advanced manufacture technology. Is opposite in the traditional machining, its cutting speed, entered to the speed had the very big enhancement, moreover cut the mechanism not to be same. The high-speed cutting caused the machining to have the leap, its specific power metal excision rate enhanced 30%40%, the cutting force reduced 30%, the cutting tool working durability enhanced 70%, remained hotly large scale reduces in the work piece cutting, the low step shudder vanished nearly. Along with the cutting speed enhancement, unit time semifinished materials material removing rate increased, the cutting time reduced, the processing efficiency enhanced, thus reduced the product manufacture cycle, enhanced the product market competitive power. At the same time, the high speed processing small amount entered quickly causes the cutting force to reduce, the scrap high speed discharged reduced the work piece cutting force and the thermal load distorts, enhances the rigidity to be bad and the thin wall components machining possibility. Because cutting force reducing, the rotational speed enhancement causes the cutting system the operating frequency to be far away the engine bed the low step natural frequency, but the work piece surface roughness is most sensitive to the low step frequency, from this reduced the surface roughness. In mold high hard steel stock (HRC45HRC65) in the processing process, uses the high-speed cutting to be possible to substitute for the working procedure which the electrical finishing and rubs truncates polishes, thus has avoided the electrode manufacture and the time-consuming electrical finishing, large scale reduced fitters polishing with to throw the light quantity. Thin wall mold work piece more and more needs which regarding some markets in, the high speed milling also may smoothly complete, moreover in the high speed milling CNC processing center, a mold attire clamps may complete the multiplex step of processing.The high speed processing technology has had the huge influence to the mold processing craft, changed the traditional mold processing to use the annealing milling processing heat treatment to rub truncates or the electric spark machining manually polishes, polishes and so on the complex long technical process, even might use the high-speed cutting processing substitution original complete working procedure. The high speed processing technology besides may apply in the hard mold cavity direct processing (in particular half precision work and precision work), in EDM aspect and so on electrode processing, fast type manufacture also obtained the widespread application. The mass productions practice indicated that, the application high-speed cutting technology may save in the mold following processing 80% handwork to grind the time approximately, saves the processing cost expense nearly 30%, the mold face work precision may reach 1 m, the cutting tool cutting efficiency may enhance one time.Second, high speed milling processing engine bedThe high-speed cutting technology is one of machining technology main development directions, it along with foundation technology the and so on CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new material and new structure development but steps a higher stair. Because the mold processes particular as well as high speed processing technology own characteristic, (processed engine bed, numerical control system, cutting tool to the mold high speed processing related technology and the craft system and so on) proposed processed a higher request compared to the traditional mold.1.High stable engine bed strut partThe high-speed cutting engine bed lathe bed and so on supports the part to be supposed to have very well moves, the static rigidity, hot rigidity and best damping characteristic. The majority of engine beds all use high grade, the high rigidity and Gao Kangzhang the gray iron took the strut part material, some engine bed companies also increase the high damping characteristic in the foundation polymer concrete, by increases its vibration-proof and the thermostability, this not only may guarantee the engine bed precision is stable, also may prevent when cutting the cutting tool inspires trembles. Uses the enclosed lathe bed design, the overall casting lathe bed, the symmetrical lathe bed structure and has the densely covered stiffener and so on also enhances the engine bed stable important measure. Some engine bed companies research and development departments in design process, but also uses the modality analysis and the finite element structure computation and so on, optimized the structure, stably causes the engine bed strut part to be reliable.2.Engine bed main axleThe high speed engine bed main axle performance is the realization high-speed cutting processing important condition. The high-speed cutting engine bed main axle rotational speed scope is 10000100000m/Min, the main axle power is bigger than 15kW. Is not bigger than 0.005mm through the main axle compressed air of or axial play between the cooling system control hilt and the main axle. Also requests the main axle to have the fast vertical speed, to assign the performance which the position is fast stops (namely to have extremely high angle addition and subtraction speed), therefore the high speed main axle often uses the liquid static pressure bearing type, the air static pressure bearing type, the thermo-compression nitriding silicon (Si3N4) the ceramic bearing magnetism aerosol bearing type isostructuralism form. Lubricates uses technology and so on oil gas lubrication, splash lubrication. The main axle cools uses the main axle interior water cooling generally or air cooled.3.The engine bed actuates the systemIn order to satisfy the mold high speed processing the need, high speed processes the engine bed the actuation system to be supposed to have the following characteristic:(1) high entering for speed.The research indicated that, regarding the minor diameter cutting tool, enhances the rotational speed and each tooth enters for the quantity is advantageous in reduces the cutting tool attrition. At present commonly used entering for the speed range is 2030m/Min, like uses leads greatly the ball bearing guide screw transmission, enters may reach 60m/ for the speedMin; Uses the straight line electrical machinery then may enable to achieve 120m/ to the speedMin.(2) high acceleration.Has the good acceleration characteristic to the three dimensional complex curved surface silhouette high speed processing request actuation system, the request provides the driver which the high rapid advance or progress gives (to enter speed approximately 40m/ quicklyMin, the 3D outline processing speed is 10m/Min), can provide 0.4m/S2 to 10m/The s2 acceleration and reduces the speed.The engine bed manufacturer mostly uses the entire closed loop position servo-control slightly to lead, the great size, the high grade ball bearing guide screw or leads greatly many guide screws. Along with the electrical machinery technology development, the advanced straight line electric motor already was published, and the success applied in the CNC engine bed. The advanced straight line direct motor drive enable the CNC engine bed no longer to have the mass inertia, in advance, question and so on lag and vibration, sped up the servo speed of response, increased the servo-control precision and the engine bed processing precision.4.Numerical control systemThe advanced numerical control system is guaranteed the mold complex curved surface high speed processing quality and the efficiency key aspect, the mold high-speed cutting processing to the numerical control system basic request is: A. High speed numerical control return route (Digital control loop), including: 32 or above 64 bit parallel processors and 1.5Gb hard disk; Extremely short straight line electrical machinery sampling time. B. Speed and acceleration feed-forward control (Feed forward control); Digital actuation system crawling control (Jerk control).C. Advanced inserts makes up the method (to insert based on the NURBS transect makes up), by obtains the good surface quality, the precise size and the high geometry precision. D. Pretreatment (Look-ahead) function. The request has the large capacity cushion register, may read in advance and inspects many segments (for example the DMG engine bed to be possible to reach 500 segments, the Simens system may reach a 10002000 segment), in order to when is processed the superficial shape (curvature) changes may promptly adopt changes for measure and so on speed by avoids cutting and so on. E. The error compensatory function, including because the straight line electrical machinery, the main axle and so on gives off heat the hot error which causes to compensate, the quadrantal error compensates, the measurement system error compensates and so on the function. In addition, the mold high-speed cutting processing very is also high to the data transmission speed request. F. The traditional data connection, like the RS232 serial mouth transmission speed is 19.2kb, but many advanced processings centers have used the ether local area network (Ethernet) to carry on the data transmission, the speed may reach 200kb.5.Cooling lubricationThe high speed processing uses the belt coating the hard alloy tools, in high speed, the high temperature situation does not need the cutting compound, the cutting efficiency to be higher. This is because: The milling main axle high speed revolves, the cutting compound if achieved the cutting area, first must overcome the enormous centrifugal force; Even if it overcame the centrifugal force to enter the cutting area, also was possible as a result of the cutting area high temperature but to evaporate immediately, the cooling effect very small did not even have; At the same time the cutting compound can cause the cutting tool edge of a sword the temperature intense change, is easy to cause the crack the production, therefore must pick the oil used/Gas cooling lubrication dry type cutting way. This way may use the compressed gas rapidly the cutting which the cutting area produces, thus the massive cuttings hotly will carry off, at the same time might forms extremely thin microscopic protective film after the atomization lubricating oil in the cutting tool edge of a sword and the work piece surface, but effectively will lengthen the cutting tool life and enhances the components the surface quality.Third, high-speed cutting processing cutting toolThe cutting tool is in the high-speed cutting processing one of most active important factors, it is affecting the processing efficiency, the production cost and the product processing precision directly. The cutting tool must withstand load and so on high temperature, high pressure, friction, impact and vibration in the high speed processing process, the high-speed cutting cutting tool should have the good machine capability and the thermostability, namely has the good anti- impact, the wearability and resists heat the weary characteristic. The high-speed cutting processing cutting tool technological development speed is very quick, application many like diamonds (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic cutting tool, coating hard alloy, (carbon) titanium nitrides hard alloy TIC (N) and so on.In the processing cast iron and in the alloy steel cutting tool, the hard alloy is the most commonly used cutting tool material. Hard alloy tools resistance to wear good, but the solidity ratio cube boron nitride and the ceramics are low. In order to enhance degree of hardness and the superficially attractive fineness, uses the cutting tool coating technology, the coating material for the titanium nitrides (TiN), the aluminium nitride titanium (TiALN) and so on. The coating technology causes the coating by the sole coating development for multilayered, the many kinds of coating material coating, has become one of enhancement high-speed cutting ability essential technical. The diameter in the 1040mm scope, also has the carbon titanium nitrides coating the hard alloy bit to be able to process the Luo river degree of hardness to be smaller than 42 materials, but the titanium nitrides aluminum coating cutting tool can process the Luo river degree of hardness is 42 even higher materials. When high-speed cutting steel products, the cutting tool material should select the hot rigidity and the fatigue strength high P kind of hard alloy, the coating hard alloy, the cubic boron nitride (CBN) and the CBN compound cutting tool material (WBN) and so on. The cutting cast iron, should select the fine grain K kind of hard alloy to carry on the rough machining, selects the compound nitrided silicon ceramics or the crystal combination cube boron nitride (PCNB) the compound cutting tool carries on the precision work. When precise processing non-ferrous metal or nonmetallic material, should select crystal combination diamond PCD or the CVD diamond coating cutting tool. When choice cutting parameter, in view of the circular shear blade and a ball milling cutter, should pay attention to the effective diameter the concept. The high speed milling cutting tool should press the balance design manufacture. The cutting tool front angle must be smaller than the conventional cutting tool front angle, the clearance angle is slightly big. The host vice- cutting edge attachment point should the cavetto or the lead angle, increases the vertex angle, prevents the knife point place hot attrition. Should enlarge nearby the knife point the cutting edge length and the cutting tool material volume, enhances the cutting tool rigidity. Is safe in the guarantee and satisfies the processing request under the condition, the cutting tool hangs extends as far as possible short, cutter body central toughness is friends with. The hilt must be sturdier than the cutting tool diameter, connects the handle to assume but actually the pyramidal, by increases its rigidity. As far as possible central the refrigerant hole in the cutting tool and the cutting tool system. A ball end mill must consider effectively cuts the length, the cutting edge must be as far as possible short, two spiral grooves balls end mill usually uses in the thick mill complex curved surface, four spiral grooves balls end mill usually uses in the fine mill complex curved surface.Fourth, mold high speed processing craftThe high speed processing including take removes the remainder as the goal rough machining, the residual rough machining, as well as take gains the high grade processing surface and the slight structure as the goal half precision work, the precision work and the mirror surface processing and so on.1.Rough machiningThe mold rough machining essential target is pursues in the unit time material removing rate, and is half precision work preparation work piece geometry outline. In the high speed processing rough machining should adopt the craft plan is the high cutting speed, Gao Jin giving rate and the small cutting specifications combination. The contour processing way is one processing way which the multitudinous CAM software uses generally. Using is spiral contour and so on the Z axis contour two ways which are many, also is in processes the region only time to feed, in does not lift the knife in the situation to produce continuously the smooth cutting tool way, enters, draws back the knife way to use the circular arc to cut into, to cut. The spiral contour way characteristic is, has not waited the high level between the knife road migration, may avoid frequently lifting the knife, feeding to the components surface quality influence and mechanical device nonessential consuming. To is steep and the flat site processes separately, the computation suits contour and suits the use similar 3D bias the region, and may use the spiral way, in very little lifts the cutting tool way which the knife in the situation produces optimizes, obtains the better surface quality. In the high speed processing, certainly must adopt the circular arc to cut into, to cut the connection way, as well as the circular arc transition, avoids changing the cutting tool to enter suddenly for the direction, the prohibition use direct under knife connection way, avoids burying the cutting tool the work piece. When processes the mold cavity, should avoid the cutting tool vertical insertion work piece under, but should use inclines the knife way (commonly used angle of bank for 2030), best uses the screw type under knife by to reduce the cutting tool load. When processes the mold core, should under the knife then level cut into the work piece as far as possible first from the work piece. The cutting tool cuts into, cuts when the work piece should use as far as possible inclines the type (or round arc-type) cuts into, cuts, vertically avoids cutting into, cutting. Uses climbs up the type cutting to be possible to reduce the cutting heat, reduces the cutting tool stress and the work hardening degree, improves the processing quality.2.Half precision workThe mold half precision work essential target is causes the work piece outline shape smoothly, surface finish remainder even, this especially is important regarding the tool steel mold, because it will affect time the precision work cutting tool layer of cutting area change and cutting tool load change, thus influence cutting process stability and precision work surface quality.The rough machining is based on the volume model, the precision work then is based on the face mold. Before develops CAD/The CAM system to the components geometry description is not continual, after because has not described in front of the rough machining, the precision work processes the model the average information, therefore the rough machining surface surplus processing remainder distribution and the great surplus processing remainder is unknown. Therefore should fifty-fifty the precision work strategy carry on the optimization after to guarantee half precision work the work piece surface has the even surplus processing remainder. The optimized process includes: After the rough machining the outline computation, the great surplus processing remainder computation, the biggest permission processing remainder determination,
收藏