跨文化交际UNIT10.PPT

.1Review of Unit 91.What is culture shock?2.How to adapt to a new culture?.2Intercultural CommunicationUnit 10Acquiring Intercultural Competence.3Warm Up Please read the story on page 334.Can you guess how the husband translated for his mother and his wife?Susan:Mrs.Zhang,come to New York if you want.Husband:妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看.Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。Husband:Oh,it depends on the physical condition .Susan:Yes,oh thanks for your delicious food,I like them very much.Husband:谢谢妈妈给我们做了那么多的好吃的.Mother:自家人谢什么。苏珊，你以后可不要再瘦身了，身体健康才最重要哪！Husband:Its my pleasure.Susan,I hope you become even more beautiful.Susan:Thank you!The same to you.Husband:谢谢妈妈，我祝你身体健康.Mother:啊，谢谢，谢谢！.4Reading IRead the article“A Culture Learning Story”(p335-340).What can you learn from the story?vCultural IdentityCultural identity refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.People consciously identify themselves with a group that has a shared system of symbols and meanings as well as norms for conduct.5Reading IRead the article“A Culture Learning Story”(p335-340).What can you learn from the story?vBetweenness of identity:(p339)Betweenness of identity is a state of mind that is distinct from that of a typical,traditional standard in either native language/culture or second language/culture.It is a result of the whole recreation process of a persons own identity after taking different characteristics from the second language or culture into the persons original identity.However,this should not be considered as an incomplete or inferior identity,either to native language/culture,or to second language/culture,but as another,originally created,independent one.6Reading IIRead the article“Improving Intercultural Communication”(p346-350).How can we improve our communication with people of other cultures?1)know yourself(1)We are products of our culture;an awareness of our culture along with examples of contrasting cultures contributes greatly to our understanding of ourselves as cultural being.(2)Identity those attitudes,prejudices,and opinions that we all carry around and that bias the way the world appears to us;detect the ways in which these attitudes influence communication.(3)Learn to recognize your communication style the manner in which you present yourself to others;it involves discovering the kind of image we portray to the rest of the world.7Reading IIRead the article“Improving Intercultural Communication”(p346-350).How can we improve our communication with people of other cultures?2)seek to understand different languages(1)Seek a common language and attempt to understand cultural differences in using the language.(2)Keep in mind that there is more to language than vocabulary,syntax,and dialects.(3)Language is more than a vehicle of communication;it teaches one a cultures lifestyle,ways of thinking,and different patterns of interaction.(4)There are different styles of“talk”.8Reading IIRead the article“Improving Intercultural Communication”(p346-350).How can we improve our communication with people of other cultures?3)develop empathy(1)Develop empathy-be able to see things from the point of view of others so that we can better know and adjust to the other people.(2)Barrier to empathy a constant self-focus;a lack of motivation;(3)We must realize that we live in an interconnected world and try to understand everyone regardless of how much we seem separated from them by either distance or culture.(4)To cultivate empathy to become sensitive to the values and customs of the culture with which you are interacting.(5)This does not mean that you have to agree with them,but you can avoid conflict,are better able to understand the situation,and are better equipped to provide a mutually agreeable solution to the problem.4)to be flexible.9Intercultural Communication CompetenceIntercultural communication competence refers to the ability to accomplish effective and appropriate intercultural communication between communicators of different cultures.Finish the Matching Task(p353).10Matching Task(p353)Attributes1.Tolerance for ambiguity2.Open-mindedness3.Flexibility4.Respectfulness5.Adaptability6.Sensitivity7.Creativity Abilitiesb.Ability to meet new situations with mindfulnessf.Ability to respond to others in non-evaluative waysa.Ability to shift frame of referencee.Ability to show positive regard for the other(s)g.Ability to behave appropriately to particular situationsd.Ability to convey empathy verbally and nonverballyc.Ability to engage in different modes of thinking.11Intercultural Communication CompetenceRead the article“Description,Interpretation,and Evaluation”(p354-355).How to communicate effectively with people,especially those from different cultures?1)Three cognitive processes in perception:Description:an actual report of what we have observed with the minimum of distortion and without attributing social significance to the behavior.Interpretation:what we think about what we see and hear.Evaluation:positive or negative judgments concerning the social significance we attribute to behavior.12Intercultural Communication Competence2)The important thing to keep in mind is that multiple interpretations can be made for any particular description of behavior.3)The reason why we fail to communicate effectively often lies in the fact that we tend to skip the essential cognitive process of description and jump immediately to the process of interpretation or evaluation without realizing that our interpretations or evaluations are based on our own cultural beliefs and they might be very different from what is meant by the speaker.13Case StudyCase 37(Page 356-357)Peter was brought up in a culture in which the demands of politeness and face require either that one goes against ones real wishes and accepts invitations that one would really prefer not to accept,or that one finds elaborate excuses(an ill child is a very useful one)to avoid commitment.However,in Moroccan culture,things are quite different.Peter seems to have gradually adapted very well to the new cultural environment in which he found himself.The lesson we can learn from this is that one should not judge the behavior of those of another culture by ones own cultural standards and should learn to do as the Romans do when in Rome.14Case StudyCase 38(Page 357)This is just a case of the conflict between the first generation and the second generation of Chinese immigrants in the United States.These two generations have grown up in totally different social environments in which their values are differently shaped and their views of the world differently formed.The daughter,born and brought up in America,has already been totally Americanized even though she has her eyes and skin of the same color as her parents.Living in American society,she finds it natural to identify herself with the mainstream American culture,in which parents and children(especially the grown up children)are supposed to treat each other as equals,while her mother,though having lived in America for many years,is still culturally more Chinese than American.Therefore,the mother,often with good intentions,is likely to misunderstand what her daughter says and does.To deal with conflicts of this kind,sincere exchange of opinion and willingness to learn from each other are among the best measures.15Case StudyCase 39(Page 358)Annie felt unhappy about Rosas cousin because she thought Rosas cousin had stayed with them for too long and seemed to have depended on Rosa too much,which,in Annies eye,was actually an interference to Rosas studies.Rosa did not change after her cousin came.She was still the same good student as Annie remembered.However,to her,family comes first,so she went out of her way to look after her cousin,even though that means she would be left with little time for herself and her classes.The misunderstanding between Annie and Rosa comes from the difference in what they value.Annie seemed to value privacy,independence,personal needs and interests more than Rosa,to whom family relationships and obligation to family members meant very much.In Mexican culture,family is the core of affiliation while in the mainstream American culture,individual responsibility is emphasized and self-reliance is preferred.16Case StudyCase 40(Page 358-359)In this case,American students were seen how they would behave in the culture in which they were communicating with the French students,applying what they had learned in classroom but were not yet quite accustomed to.They finally behaved in the culturally appropriate manners because they were pulled by the force of relationships,by real people in a real situation.This is the ultimate goal of learning about culture and communication,when learners move from the classroom out the door into the new way of life.17HomeworkRead“Intercultural Communication:A Matter of Our Survival(p363-366)”.Why is the study of intercultural communication very important in todays world?