水产词汇汇总

aquaculture水产养殖Lobster怙bst®龙虾三疣梭子蟹；蓝蟹；青蟹iv®rsti生物多样GlobalAquacultureEducation全球水产养殖教育BlueCrabblukr&bbiodiversitybaodshellfish贝类algae'aeld31藻类水生植物freshwater淡水pond池塘Cagecultureked3'kJt保网箱养鱼LifeHistory生活史channelcatfish斑点叉尾鮰shrimpJrmp虾；小虾aquaticplantekwatkplantpearl珍珠mortalitymor'talli死亡率reproduction繁殖molluscmalesk软体动物crustaceankr.'steJen两栖动物clamklam蛤oysterbst®牡蛎abaloneiaebeloni鲍鱼scallop'skalep扇贝amphibianamfbien两栖动物crayfishkrefJ小龙虾reptile'r8pti,-|tal爬行动物breeding繁殖；饲养seafood海鲜catfish鲶鱼trouttraot鱒鱼，鮭鱼dissolvedoxygen溶解氧Spawnspon产卵Mate配对SpongespAnd3海绵moltmolt脱皮predator'pr8det®捕食者Distribution分布Mature成熟的embryo'8mbro胚胎Animalprotein'protin动物蛋白Fishmeal鱼粉Capturefisherie捕捞渔业Fisheriesresources渔业资源starfish海星packetsofspermspm数包精子planktonic,plaqk'tonik浮游生物Hatchling'hatJu人工孵化KingCrab,RedKingCrab皇帝蟹Fishery渔业Enhancementin'hansment增加Symposiumm>pozem讨论会Workshop车间forum'forem论坛smallscale/largescaleexperiment小范围/大型实验broodstockcultivation亲鱼培育Airstone气泡石Flowthrough溢流道Larval/larve'larvel幼虫Artemia卤虫Larvaldiet幼虫饮食Hatchery'hatJri孵化器larve/fry/fingerling/Juvenilerdguvenal幼虫（体）diatom'daetem硅藻nutritionenrichmentnjutrJn营养强化survial生存dryweight干重durationdu'reJanofexperiment实验持续时间Vibrio'vbr1obacteria弧菌fattyacid/protein'protin/aminoacide,mi:neu'asid脂肪酸/蛋白质/氨基酸Pondculture池塘养殖Aquaculturemodes水产养殖模式“EightWords”Water,Seeds,Feeds,Density,Polyculture混养，Rotationro'teJn轮流，DiseasedIziz疾病Management,paddy'padIcuture稻田养殖Silvercarp鲢鱼Bigheadcarp鳙鱼Grasscarp草鱼Blackcarp青鱼Commoncarp鲤鱼Cruciancarp鲫鱼Bluntsnoutbream武昌鱼（团头鲂）MudmAdcarp鲮鱼Mandarin'mandernfish鳜鱼Japaneseeel日本鳗鲡Rivercrab河蟹；大闸蟹Chinesemitten'mtncrab中华绒蝥蟹Japaneseprawnpron日本对虾Tilapiate'lapie罗非鱼Rainbowtrouttraut虹鱒Largemouthbass'la:d3mau9bes大嘴鲈鱼Gianttigerprawn草虾giantriverprawn罗氏沼虾PenaeusmonodonGianttigerprawn斑节对虾Kelp海带Whitelegshrimp白对虾Litopenaeusvannamei凡纳滨对虾LitopenaeusvannameiBoone对虾Bigyellowcroaker'krok®大黄鱼PerchlptJ鲈鱼turbot'tbet大比目鱼Intensiven't8nsvculture集约化养殖Extensivek'st8nsvculture粗养formulate'formje'letfeed配合饲料waterquality'kwaletimanagement水质管理optimal'aptemltemperature最适温度Sexualmaturity's8juelme'tJureti性成熟FoodHabits食性Spawningtime'spo:niq产卵期powderedfeed粉状饲料pelleted'p8ltdfeed颗粒饲料Stockingdensity放养密度Raft筏LoachlotJ泥鳅Tuna'tune金枪鱼Seedcollector集卵器ShellJsl贝壳Watertemperature't8mpretJ®水温Yellowtailtel黄尾袋鼠Experimentalstation试验站Suitablefeed合适的饲料Man-madeshelter'J8lt®人工海礁Indiameterda'amI®/width/depth直径/宽度/深度Salmon'samen大马哈鱼Conserve/conservation保存/保护Youngfish幼鱼Artificialfertilize,artIfJ'ftelaz人工受精Lifecycle生命周期species物种Basicresearch基础研究Hatch/hatching孵化Migratory'magretorifish洄游鱼类Coastal'kostlwaters沿海水域Largescale大规模的Penaeusmonodon斑节对虾Gianttigerprawn草虾grassprawn草虾Mangrove'maqgrov红树林omnivorousam'nvoros杂食的herbivoryho:'bivori草食性carnivorouskirhvoros肉食性的Fertilization，恰tlo'zejn受精nauplius'noplios无节幼体ProtozoeaproQto'zooo蚤状幼体mysis'maisis糠虾；糠虾幼体；糠虾期metamorphose，:mgto'morfoz变态salinityso'lnoti盐度milkfish虱目鱼Eel鳗鱼Estuary'8stju'sri河口Anguillaanguillaq'gwilo欧洲鳗鲡anguillajaponicads8panko日本鳗鲡Glasseel玻璃鳗Yelloweel黄鳗silvereel银鳗RecirculatingAquacultureSystem再循环水产养殖系统recirculating/recirculationsystem再循环/再循环系统progeny'pradssni后代Secondary's8kond8ri次要的Grow-out养殖出来Fingerling'fOg,ln小鱼Selectivesll8ktvharvest选择性收获Secondaryspecies/Mainspecies主要/次要物种的物种Organicfertilizeror'g&nk'fetolaz®有机肥料Marketablesize市场规格Cultureperiod培养期Fertility生育能力Waterbody水体Stockingsize放养规格Murraycod'mAri;虫纹石斑鱼goldenperchptj黄金鲈silverperch银鲈offspring'ofsprig子代survivalrateret存活率scale规模handling处理capture捕获oxygenation,aksodss'neJOn氧化作用parasite'p&rosait寄生虫formalin'irmoln福尔马林antibiotics，氏ntbaIatks抗生素methylene'm89Iinblue美蓝malachitegreen'm&lokaI孔雀石绿fungal'fAogl真菌heal治愈yolksacs&k卵黄囊Mm(millimeter毫米Cm(centimeteij厘米pm(micrometer)测微计AquaticDiseases水生疾病Stress压力ChemicalStressor'str8s®化学压力源Biologicalstressor生物压力源Microorganism微生物Population,papju'lejondensity种群密度Physicalstressor物理压力Proceduralstressor程序上的压力Pathogen'p比9odgsn病原体；病菌immunityimjonoti免疫力Mucus'mjukos粘液Inflammation'nflo'meJon炎症Antibody'氏ntibadi抗体sodium'sodom钠potassiumpo怯siom钾chloride'kloraid氯dehydration,dihai'dreJon脱水Sanitation,s&ni'teJon环境卫生NitrogenousnaItradssnos含氮的organicdebrisdo'bri有机残骸Disinfect'dsn'f8kt消毒Infectious传染性Parasitic,p氏ro'sik/parasite寄生/寄生虫Protozoa,proto'zoo原生动物Proteins'protin蛋白质Lipids'lipidz脂类Carbohydrate,karbo'hadret碳水化合物Vitamins维生素Minerals'mnorol矿物质Attractantso'tr&ktont引诱剂plantprotein植物蛋白animalprotein动物蛋白crudeprotein粗蛋白EssentialiS8nJaminoo'minoacids'氏sd必需氨基酸Methioninem8'9aonin蛋氨酸lysine'lasn赖氨酸Essentialfattyacids必需脂肪酸chloroform'kloroform/methanol'm89onol氯仿/甲醇highunsaturatedAn's氏tjo'retdfattyacids(HUFA)咼不饱和脂肪酸Energy代谢能DigestibledaidsstoblEnergy可消化能FeedConversionkon'v片snRatiorejb(FCR)饲料转化率PolycultureofbigheadcarpinpondsandpensInChina,bigheadcarpsareusuallyculturedassecondaryspeciestogetherwithothercarpspecies.Thegrow-outstockingdensityis750-1500/haof13-15cmfingerlings.Ifselectiveharvestingistobepracticed,acertainproportionoflargersizedfish(upto250g)isalsostocked.Thereisnospecialfeeding/fertilizationrequiredforbigheadwhenherbivorousandomnivorousfishareculturedasthemainspecies.However,organicfertilizerisusuallyappliedtoraisenaturalfoodifbigheadandsilvercarpareculturedasmajorspecies.Thefishcanreachmarketablesize(750-1500g)within8-10monthsinChina.Thecultureperiodmaybemuchshorterintropicalandsubtropicalareas.Theyieldofbigheadcarpisusually500-1000kg/ha,whichaccountsfor10-15%ofthetotalproduction.InVietnam,bigheadgrow-outisconductedthroughpolyculturewithotherspecies,suchasgrasscarp,silvercarp,rohu,mrigala,commoncarpandtilapia.Bigheadcarpisstockedasaminorspeciesintheponds,usuallyaccountingfor3-5%ofthetotal.However,bigheadcarpusuallyaccountfor5-7%ofthetotalproduction.Nospecialfeedingforbigheadcarpispractised.Themarketsizeofbigheadcarpis2.5-3kg.ExtensivecultureinsmalllakesandreservoirsInthissystem,bigheadcarpareusuallystockedasthemajorspecies,withastockingdensityof150-750/ha,dependingonthesizeandfertilityofthewaterbody.Thislevelrepresentsabout40-50%ofthetotalnumberoffishstocked.Thestockingsizeisusually13-15cm.Asmallpercentageoflargefingerlings(upto250g)isalsostockedforselectiveharvestingtofullyutilizethewaterandtheavailablenaturalfood.Neitherfeednorfertilizerisusedinthisformofrearing.Theproductionofbigheadcanreach150-400kg/ha,whichaccountsfor40-60%oftotalproduction.池塘和网拦鳙鱼的混养在中国，鳙鱼与其他鲤科鱼类通常作为次要种类。养成的放养密度为1315厘米的鱼种750-1500/ha。如果选择性收获要按照大规格鱼(到250克)按一定比例再放养。草食性和杂食性鱼类作为主要的养殖种类没有特别投饲/施肥。然而如果鳙鱼和鲢鱼作为主养种类，施有机肥通常适用于提高天然饵料。在中国这种鱼可以8-10个月达到上市规格(750-1500克)。饲养期可能会比热带和亚热带地区短得多。鳙鱼产量通常为500-1000公斤/公顷，占总产量的10-15。在越南，鳙鱼养成通过与其他品种混养，如草鱼，鲢鱼，南亚野鲮，印鲮，鲤鱼和罗非鱼。鳙鱼在池塘作为次要种类，通常占总量的3-5。然而，鳙鱼通常占5-7的总生产。不对鳙鱼做特别的投饲。市场规格为2.5-3公斤。小型湖泊和水库粗养在这个系统中，鳙鱼通常放养为主要品种，根据水体的大小和生育能力放养密度150-750/ha。这个级别代表约40-50%的鱼放养总数。放养规格一般为13-15厘米。一部分(超过250克)大型苗种也选择性放养和捕捞，以充分利用水体和天然饵料。无论是使用饲料和肥料养殖的那种类型。鳙鱼产量都能达到150-400公斤/公顷，占总产量的40-60%。WORLDREVIEWOFFISHERIESANDAQUACULTUREFisheriesresources:trendsinproduction,utilizationandtradeOVERVIEWGlobalproductionfromcapturefisheriesandaquaculturesuppliedabout101milliontonnesoffoodfishin2002,providinganapparentpercapitasupplyof16.2kg(liveweightequivalent),withaquacultureaccountingforthegrowthinpercapitasupplysince2000.OutsideChina,theworld'spopulationhasbeenincreasingmorequicklythanthetotalfoodfishsupply;asaresulttheaveragepercapitafishsupplyoutsideChinadeclinedfrom14.6kgin1987to13.2kgin1992andhassinceremainedstable.Overall,fishprovidedmorethan2.6billionpeoplewithatleast20percentoftheiraveragepercapitaanimalproteinintake.Theshareoffishproteinsintotalworldanimalproteinsuppliesgrewfrom14.9percentin1992toapeakof16.0percentin1996andremainedclosetothatlevel（15.9percent）in2001.Preliminaryestimatesfor2003basedonreportingbysomemajorfishingcountriesindicatethattotalworldfisheryproductiondecreasedslightly（1percent）comparedwith2002.However,thetotalamountoffishavailableforhumanconsumptionincreasedto103milliontonnesand,onaverage,thepercapitasupplywasmaintained.Thedecreaseincapturefisheriesresultingfromthecontractionofreductionfisheriesinsomemajorfishmeal-producingcountrieswaspartlycompensatedforbyincreasesinotherfoodfisheriesandaquaculture.Chinaremainsbyfarthelargestproducer,withreportedfisheriesproductionof44.3milliontonnesin2002（16.6and27.7milliontonnesfromcapturefisheriesandaquaculture,respectively）,providinganestimateddomesticfoodsupplyof27.7kgpercapitaaswellasproductionforexportandnon-foodpurposes.However,therearecontinuedindicationsthatcapturefisheriesandaquacultureproductionstatisticsforChinamaybetoohigh,asindicatedinTheStateofWorldFisheriesandAquaculture2002,1andthatthisproblemhasexistedsincetheearly1990s.BecauseoftheimportanceofChinaandtheuncertaintyaboutitsproductionstatistics,China,asinpreviousissuesofthisreport,isgenerallydiscussedseparatelyfromtherestoftheworld.Source：FAO,<thestateofworldfisheriesandaquaculture2004>回顾世界渔业和水产养殖渔业资源：在生产，利用和贸易趋势概述在2002年全球生产供应捕捞和养殖约1.1亿吨的食用鱼，、人均供应16.2千克（活体等重），自从2000年以来养殖占人均供应量在增长。中国境外，世界人口增长比总食用鱼供应量更迅速，其结果，中国人均鱼供应量从1987年14.6公斤下降到1992年13.2公斤，一直以来保持稳定。总体而言，鱼类提供了260亿人至少超过有20的动物蛋白摄入量。鱼蛋白占世界动物蛋白供应份额从1992年的14.9增长到1996年16.0的高峰，并在2001年仍接近这一水平（15.9）。根据2003年一些主要捕捞国家报告的初步估计显示，世界渔业产量与2002年相比略有下降（-1）。然而，鱼类平均供人类消费的总量增加至1.03亿吨，人均供应量保持不变。一些主要的鱼粉生产国在减少，导致捕捞渔业的萎缩，减少的部分由增加其他食品渔业和水产养殖补偿。目前中国仍然是最大的生产国，据报道2002年渔业产量4430万吨，（捕捞1660万吨，养殖2770万吨），相当于供应了国内人均粮食27.7公斤，用于生产出口和非食品用途。不过，在2002,1世界渔业和水产养殖有迹象表明，中国捕捞渔业和水产养殖产量统计可能过高，自上世纪90年代初这个问题一直存在。由于中国的重要性，以及有关其生产统计的不确定性，中国作为本报告的前几期，一般是独立于世界其他地方讨论。资料来源：粮农组织，2004年世界渔业和水产养殖状态