水产词汇汇总

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1、aquaculture水产养殖Lobster怙bst龙虾三疣梭子蟹；蓝蟹；青蟹ivrsti生物多样GlobalAquacultureEducation全球水产养殖教育BlueCrabblukr&bbiodiversitybaodshellfish贝类algaeaeld31藻类水生植物freshwater淡水pond池塘Cagecultureked3kJt保网箱养鱼LifeHistory生活史channelcatfish斑点叉尾鮰shrimpJrmp虾；小虾aquaticplantekwatkplantpearl珍珠mortalitymortalli死亡率reproduction繁殖mollus

2、cmalesk软体动物crustaceankr.steJen两栖动物clamklam蛤oysterbst牡蛎abaloneiaebeloni鲍鱼scallopskalep扇贝amphibianamfbien两栖动物crayfishkrefJ小龙虾reptiler8pti,-|tal爬行动物breeding繁殖；饲养seafood海鲜catfish鲶鱼trouttraot鱒鱼，鮭鱼dissolvedoxygen溶解氧Spawnspon产卵Mate配对SpongespAnd3海绵moltmolt脱皮predatorpr8det捕食者Distribution分布Mature成熟的embryo8mbr

3、o胚胎Animalproteinprotin动物蛋白Fishmeal鱼粉Capturefisherie捕捞渔业Fisheriesresources渔业资源starfish海星packetsofspermspm数包精子planktonic,plaqktonik浮游生物HatchlinghatJu人工孵化KingCrab,RedKingCrab皇帝蟹Fishery渔业Enhancementinhansment增加Symposiummpozem讨论会Workshop车间forumforem论坛smallscale/largescaleexperiment小范围/大型实验broodstockculti

4、vation亲鱼培育Airstone气泡石Flowthrough溢流道Larval/larvelarvel幼虫Artemia卤虫Larvaldiet幼虫饮食HatcheryhatJri孵化器larve/fry/fingerling/Juvenilerdguvenal幼虫（体）diatomdaetem硅藻nutritionenrichmentnjutrJn营养强化survial生存dryweight干重durationdureJanofexperiment实验持续时间Vibriovbr1obacteria弧菌fattyacid/proteinprotin/aminoacide,mi:neuasi

5、d脂肪酸/蛋白质/氨基酸Pondculture池塘养殖Aquaculturemodes水产养殖模式“EightWords”Water,Seeds,Feeds,Density,Polyculture混养，RotationroteJn轮流，DiseasedIziz疾病Management,paddypadIcuture稻田养殖Silvercarp鲢鱼Bigheadcarp鳙鱼Grasscarp草鱼Blackcarp青鱼Commoncarp鲤鱼Cruciancarp鲫鱼Bluntsnoutbream武昌鱼（团头鲂）MudmAdcarp鲮鱼Mandarinmandernfish鳜鱼Japaneseee

6、l日本鳗鲡Rivercrab河蟹；大闸蟹Chinesemittenmtncrab中华绒蝥蟹Japaneseprawnpron日本对虾Tilapiatelapie罗非鱼Rainbowtrouttraut虹鱒Largemouthbassla:d3mau9bes大嘴鲈鱼Gianttigerprawn草虾giantriverprawn罗氏沼虾PenaeusmonodonGianttigerprawn斑节对虾Kelp海带Whitelegshrimp白对虾Litopenaeusvannamei凡纳滨对虾LitopenaeusvannameiBoone对虾Bigyellowcroakerkrok大黄鱼Per

7、chlptJ鲈鱼turbottbet大比目鱼Intensivent8nsvculture集约化养殖Extensivekst8nsvculture粗养formulateformjeletfeed配合饲料waterqualitykwaletimanagement水质管理optimalaptemltemperature最适温度Sexualmaturitys8juelmetJureti性成熟FoodHabits食性Spawningtimespo:niq产卵期powderedfeed粉状饲料pelletedp8ltdfeed颗粒饲料Stockingdensity放养密度Raft筏LoachlotJ泥鳅T

8、unatune金枪鱼Seedcollector集卵器ShellJsl贝壳Watertemperaturet8mpretJ水温Yellowtailtel黄尾袋鼠Experimentalstation试验站Suitablefeed合适的饲料Man-madeshelterJ8lt人工海礁IndiameterdaamI/width/depth直径/宽度/深度Salmonsamen大马哈鱼Conserve/conservation保存/保护Youngfish幼鱼Artificialfertilize,artIfJftelaz人工受精Lifecycle生命周期species物种Basicresearch基

9、础研究Hatch/hatching孵化Migratorymagretorifish洄游鱼类Coastalkostlwaters沿海水域Largescale大规模的Penaeusmonodon斑节对虾Gianttigerprawn草虾grassprawn草虾Mangrovemaqgrov红树林omnivorousamnvoros杂食的herbivoryho:bivori草食性carnivorouskirhvoros肉食性的Fertilization，恰tlozejn受精naupliusnoplios无节幼体ProtozoeaproQtozooo蚤状幼体mysismaisis糠虾；糠虾幼体；糠虾期

10、metamorphose，:mgtomorfoz变态salinitysolnoti盐度milkfish虱目鱼Eel鳗鱼Estuary8stjusri河口Anguillaanguillaqgwilo欧洲鳗鲡anguillajaponicads8panko日本鳗鲡Glasseel玻璃鳗Yelloweel黄鳗silvereel银鳗RecirculatingAquacultureSystem再循环水产养殖系统recirculating/recirculationsystem再循环/再循环系统progenypradssni后代Secondarys8kond8ri次要的Grow-out养殖出来Finger

11、lingfOg,ln小鱼Selectivesll8ktvharvest选择性收获Secondaryspecies/Mainspecies主要/次要物种的物种Organicfertilizerorg&nkfetolaz有机肥料Marketablesize市场规格Cultureperiod培养期Fertility生育能力Waterbody水体Stockingsize放养规格MurraycodmAri;虫纹石斑鱼goldenperchptj黄金鲈silverperch银鲈offspringofsprig子代survivalrateret存活率scale规模handling处理capture捕获oxy

12、genation,aksodssneJOn氧化作用parasitep&rosait寄生虫formalinirmoln福尔马林antibiotics，氏ntbaIatks抗生素methylenem89Iinblue美蓝malachitegreenm&lokaI孔雀石绿fungalfAogl真菌heal治愈yolksacs&k卵黄囊Mm(millimeter毫米Cm(centimeteij厘米pm(micrometer)测微计AquaticDiseases水生疾病Stress压力ChemicalStressorstr8s化学压力源Biologicalstressor生物压力源Microorgani

13、sm微生物Population,papjulejondensity种群密度Physicalstressor物理压力Proceduralstressor程序上的压力Pathogenp比9odgsn病原体；病菌immunityimjonoti免疫力Mucusmjukos粘液InflammationnflomeJon炎症Antibody氏ntibadi抗体sodiumsodom钠potassiumpo怯siom钾chloridekloraid氯dehydration,dihaidreJon脱水Sanitation,s&niteJon环境卫生NitrogenousnaItradssnos含氮的orga

14、nicdebrisdobri有机残骸Disinfectdsnf8kt消毒Infectious传染性Parasitic,p氏rosik/parasite寄生/寄生虫Protozoa,protozoo原生动物Proteinsprotin蛋白质Lipidslipidz脂类Carbohydrate,karbohadret碳水化合物Vitamins维生素Mineralsmnorol矿物质Attractantsotr&ktont引诱剂plantprotein植物蛋白animalprotein动物蛋白crudeprotein粗蛋白EssentialiS8nJaminoominoacids氏sd必需氨基酸Me

15、thioninem89aonin蛋氨酸lysinelasn赖氨酸Essentialfattyacids必需脂肪酸chloroformkloroform/methanolm89onol氯仿/甲醇highunsaturatedAns氏tjoretdfattyacids(HUFA)咼不饱和脂肪酸Energy代谢能DigestibledaidsstoblEnergy可消化能FeedConversionkonv片snRatiorejb(FCR)饲料转化率PolycultureofbigheadcarpinpondsandpensInChina,bigheadcarpsareusuallycultured

16、assecondaryspeciestogetherwithothercarpspecies.Thegrow-outstockingdensityis750-1500/haof13-15cmfingerlings.Ifselectiveharvestingistobepracticed,acertainproportionoflargersizedfish(upto250g)isalsostocked.Thereisnospecialfeeding/fertilizationrequiredforbigheadwhenherbivorousandomnivorousfishareculture

17、dasthemainspecies.However,organicfertilizerisusuallyappliedtoraisenaturalfoodifbigheadandsilvercarpareculturedasmajorspecies.Thefishcanreachmarketablesize(750-1500g)within8-10monthsinChina.Thecultureperiodmaybemuchshorterintropicalandsubtropicalareas.Theyieldofbigheadcarpisusually500-1000kg/ha,which

18、accountsfor10-15%ofthetotalproduction.InVietnam,bigheadgrow-outisconductedthroughpolyculturewithotherspecies,suchasgrasscarp,silvercarp,rohu,mrigala,commoncarpandtilapia.Bigheadcarpisstockedasaminorspeciesintheponds,usuallyaccountingfor3-5%ofthetotal.However,bigheadcarpusuallyaccountfor5-7%ofthetota

19、lproduction.Nospecialfeedingforbigheadcarpispractised.Themarketsizeofbigheadcarpis2.5-3kg.ExtensivecultureinsmalllakesandreservoirsInthissystem,bigheadcarpareusuallystockedasthemajorspecies,withastockingdensityof150-750/ha,dependingonthesizeandfertilityofthewaterbody.Thislevelrepresentsabout40-50%of

20、thetotalnumberoffishstocked.Thestockingsizeisusually13-15cm.Asmallpercentageoflargefingerlings(upto250g)isalsostockedforselectiveharvestingtofullyutilizethewaterandtheavailablenaturalfood.Neitherfeednorfertilizerisusedinthisformofrearing.Theproductionofbigheadcanreach150-400kg/ha,whichaccountsfor40-

21、60%oftotalproduction.池塘和网拦鳙鱼的混养在中国，鳙鱼与其他鲤科鱼类通常作为次要种类。养成的放养密度为1315厘米的鱼种750-1500/ha。如果选择性收获要按照大规格鱼(到250克)按一定比例再放养。草食性和杂食性鱼类作为主要的养殖种类没有特别投饲/施肥。然而如果鳙鱼和鲢鱼作为主养种类，施有机肥通常适用于提高天然饵料。在中国这种鱼可以8-10个月达到上市规格(750-1500克)。饲养期可能会比热带和亚热带地区短得多。鳙鱼产量通常为500-1000公斤/公顷，占总产量的10-15。在越南，鳙鱼养成通过与其他品种混养，如草鱼，鲢鱼，南亚野鲮，印鲮，鲤鱼和罗非鱼。鳙鱼在池塘

22、作为次要种类，通常占总量的3-5。然而，鳙鱼通常占5-7的总生产。不对鳙鱼做特别的投饲。市场规格为2.5-3公斤。小型湖泊和水库粗养在这个系统中，鳙鱼通常放养为主要品种，根据水体的大小和生育能力放养密度150-750/ha。这个级别代表约40-50%的鱼放养总数。放养规格一般为13-15厘米。一部分(超过250克)大型苗种也选择性放养和捕捞，以充分利用水体和天然饵料。无论是使用饲料和肥料养殖的那种类型。鳙鱼产量都能达到150-400公斤/公顷，占总产量的40-60%。WORLDREVIEWOFFISHERIESANDAQUACULTUREFisheriesresources:trendsinp

23、roduction,utilizationandtradeOVERVIEWGlobalproductionfromcapturefisheriesandaquaculturesuppliedabout101milliontonnesoffoodfishin2002,providinganapparentpercapitasupplyof16.2kg(liveweightequivalent),withaquacultureaccountingforthegrowthinpercapitasupplysince2000.OutsideChina,theworldspopulationhasbee

24、nincreasingmorequicklythanthetotalfoodfishsupply;asaresulttheaveragepercapitafishsupplyoutsideChinadeclinedfrom14.6kgin1987to13.2kgin1992andhassinceremainedstable.Overall,fishprovidedmorethan2.6billionpeoplewithatleast20percentoftheiraveragepercapitaanimalproteinintake.Theshareoffishproteinsintotalw

25、orldanimalproteinsuppliesgrewfrom14.9percentin1992toapeakof16.0percentin1996andremainedclosetothatlevel（15.9percent）in2001.Preliminaryestimatesfor2003basedonreportingbysomemajorfishingcountriesindicatethattotalworldfisheryproductiondecreasedslightly（1percent）comparedwith2002.However,thetotalamountof

26、fishavailableforhumanconsumptionincreasedto103milliontonnesand,onaverage,thepercapitasupplywasmaintained.Thedecreaseincapturefisheriesresultingfromthecontractionofreductionfisheriesinsomemajorfishmeal-producingcountrieswaspartlycompensatedforbyincreasesinotherfoodfisheriesandaquaculture.Chinaremains

27、byfarthelargestproducer,withreportedfisheriesproductionof44.3milliontonnesin2002（16.6and27.7milliontonnesfromcapturefisheriesandaquaculture,respectively）,providinganestimateddomesticfoodsupplyof27.7kgpercapitaaswellasproductionforexportandnon-foodpurposes.However,therearecontinuedindicationsthatcapt

28、urefisheriesandaquacultureproductionstatisticsforChinamaybetoohigh,asindicatedinTheStateofWorldFisheriesandAquaculture2002,1andthatthisproblemhasexistedsincetheearly1990s.BecauseoftheimportanceofChinaandtheuncertaintyaboutitsproductionstatistics,China,asinpreviousissuesofthisreport,isgenerallydiscus

29、sedseparatelyfromtherestoftheworld.Source：FAO,回顾世界渔业和水产养殖渔业资源：在生产，利用和贸易趋势概述在2002年全球生产供应捕捞和养殖约1.1亿吨的食用鱼，、人均供应16.2千克（活体等重），自从2000年以来养殖占人均供应量在增长。中国境外，世界人口增长比总食用鱼供应量更迅速，其结果，中国人均鱼供应量从1987年14.6公斤下降到1992年13.2公斤，一直以来保持稳定。总体而言，鱼类提供了260亿人至少超过有20的动物蛋白摄入量。鱼蛋白占世界动物蛋白供应份额从1992年的14.9增长到1996年16.0的高峰，并在2001年仍接近这一水平（

30、15.9）。根据2003年一些主要捕捞国家报告的初步估计显示，世界渔业产量与2002年相比略有下降（-1）。然而，鱼类平均供人类消费的总量增加至1.03亿吨，人均供应量保持不变。一些主要的鱼粉生产国在减少，导致捕捞渔业的萎缩，减少的部分由增加其他食品渔业和水产养殖补偿。目前中国仍然是最大的生产国，据报道2002年渔业产量4430万吨，（捕捞1660万吨，养殖2770万吨），相当于供应了国内人均粮食27.7公斤，用于生产出口和非食品用途。不过，在2002,1世界渔业和水产养殖有迹象表明，中国捕捞渔业和水产养殖产量统计可能过高，自上世纪90年代初这个问题一直存在。由于中国的重要性，以及有关其生产统计的不确定性，中国作为本报告的前几期，一般是独立于世界其他地方讨论。资料来源：粮农组织，2004年世界渔业和水产养殖状态