2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题79（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Get up early and run every day. You will _ a lot from it.问题1选项A.receiveB.makeC.benefitD.win【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项receive“收到”；B选项make“制造，做，组装”；C选项benefit“对（某人）有用，使受益”；D选项win“（在比赛、赛跑、战斗等中）获胜，赢”。句意：每天早起跑步。你会从中_良多。根据语境，这里指的是早起跑步会带来很多好处，C选项benefit“使受益”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2

2、. 单选题This is the military _. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.问题1选项A.bondB.zoneC.butterD.zoo【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bond“纽带”；B选项zone“（有某特色或作用的）地区”；C选项butter“黄油”；D选项zoo“动物园”。句意：这是军事_。未经允许，任何人不得入内。根据语境，这里指的是不得进入一个区域，B选项zone“有某特色或作用的）地区”符合题意。因此B选项正确。3. 翻译题Technology is a two-edged sword.

3、 Rarely is this as clear as it is in the realm of health care. Technology allows doctors to test their patients for genetic defectsand then to turn around and spread the results throughout the world via the Internet. (1) For someone in need of treatment, thats good news. But for someone in search of

4、 a job or an insurance policy, the tidings can be all bad.Last week a corollary (推论) to the patients bill of rights now before Congress: a right to medical privacy. Beginning in 2002, under rules set to become law in February, patients would be able to stipulate the conditions under which their pers

5、onal medical data could be divulged. They would be able to examine their records and make corrections. They could learn who else had seen the information. (2) Improper use of records by a caregiver or insurer could result in both civil and criminal penalties. The plan was said to be an unprecedented

6、 step toward putting Americans back in control of their own medical records.(3) While the administration billed the rules as an attempt to strike a balance between the needs of consumers and those of the health-care industry, neither doctors nor insurance companies were happy. The doctors said the r

7、ules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was “health-care operations”. That, physicians said, was a loophole (漏洞) through which Health Maintenance Organizations and other insurers could pry (窥探)

8、into the doctor-patient relationship, in the name of assessing the quality of care. Meanwhile, the insurers protested that the rules would make them vulnerable to lawsuits.They were especially disturbed by a provision holding them liable for privacy breaches (违背) by “business partners” such as lawye

9、rs and accountants. Both groups agreed that privacy protections would drive up the cost of health care by at least an additional $3.8 billion, and maybe much more, over the next five years. (4) They also complained about the increased level of federal scrutiny required by the new rules enforcement r

10、ules.One aim of the rules is to reassure patients about confidentiality, thereby encouraging them to be open with their doctors. (5) Today various cancers and sexually transmitted diseases can go untreated because patients are afraid of embarrassment or of losing insurance coverage. The fear is real

11、: an official noted that a January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates found that one in six U.S. adults had at some time done something unusual to conceal medical information, such as paying cash for services.【答案】1. 对于需要治疗的人来说，这是个好消息。但对于在找工作或准备买保险的人来说，这些可能都是坏消息。2. 医护人员或保险公司不当使用医疗记录可能会招致民事和

12、刑事处罚。3. 尽管政府声称这些规定旨在试图平衡消费者和医疗保健行业的需求，但医生和保险公司都对此不满。4. 依据新法规的执行细则，联邦政府将加大审查力度，他们也对此不满。5. 如今，各种癌症和性传播疾病都可能得不到治疗，因为患者害怕尴尬或失去保险。4. 单选题The old man was kind and _ enough to help the children cross the street.问题1选项A.timidB.livelyC.graciousD.graceful【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项timid“羞怯的”；B选项lively“活泼的；充满趣味的，

13、热烈的”；C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”；D选项graceful“优雅的”。句意：这位老人非常友好和_，还帮助孩子们过马路。根据语境，这里C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”形容老人比较合理，意思指老人热心帮助孩子们，非常和蔼可亲。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题He _ to his roommate for being so rude yesterday.问题1选项A.apologizedB.dissolvedC.worriedD.doubted【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项apologized“道歉”；B选项dissolved“溶解；解散（(组织

14、或机构)”；C选项worried“担心”；D选项doubted“怀疑”。句意：他昨天太粗鲁了，所以向室友_。根据语境，因为粗鲁而道歉比较合理，A选项apologized“道歉”符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题The director was critical_ the way we were doing the work.问题1选项A.ofB.withC.atD.in【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：主任对我们工作的方式提出了批评。be critical of sb./sth.“对某人/某事批判”，A选项of符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Milk

15、, butter, and cheese are _ here from the farms.问题1选项A.importedB.transferredC.transformedD.transported【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项imported“进口”；B选项transferred“（使）转移，搬迁”；C选项transformed“改变，转换”；D选项transported“运输”。句意：牛奶、黄油和奶酪从农场_到这里。根据语境，这里指的是把牛奶等从农场运到另一个地方，D选项transported“运输”符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The words of h

16、is old teacher left a _ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.问题1选项A.lastingB.liberalC.longD.lively【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lasting“持久的；永恒的”；B选项liberal“开明的；大方的”；C选项long“长时间的”；D选项lively“活跃热情的；充满趣味的”。句意：他以前的老师的话给他留下了_印象。他仍然受到他们的影响。根据语境，很长的时间以后他都受老师言语的影响，lasting impression为固定短语，A选项las

17、ting“持久的；永恒的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。9. 翻译题This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman! Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most

18、 parts of the world. (1) They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as sec

19、ond-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species. (2) The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over.On the surface, the comments made by men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women dr

20、ivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. (3) We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too co

21、nscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs (疯子). But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries

22、they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.(4) Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women cant do. Top-level political negotiation between countries, busines

23、s and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called “rights”. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women havent even been given the cote.The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real com

24、petition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. (5) You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succee

25、d brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries.【答案】1. 她们一再证明自己几乎在所有领域都与男性平等，甚至往往优于男性。2. 这场为获得认可而进行的艰苦斗争已经取得胜利，但远未结束。3. 众所周知，女性发生的事故比男性少得多。因为她们开车非常认真负责，不会像疯子一样没有理智。4. 然而，男性仍然坚持认定许多工作女性做不了的假象。5. 可以肯定的是，如果允许女性坐在会议桌旁，在这个男性已经失败了几个世纪的地方，女性会如往常一样取得辉煌的成功。10. 单选题This is the Chinese _,

26、translated from English.问题1选项A.publicationB.editorC.printingD.version【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项publication“发行，出版物”；B选项editor“（报刊、杂志的）主编”；C选项printing“（书籍的）一次印刷”；D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”。句意：这是英文翻译过来的中文_。根据语境，这里指的是这原来是英文的，被翻译成了中文，D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”符合题意。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题He was _ about the spring

27、outing but be came back quite depressed and said he shouldnt have joined in it.问题1选项A.courageousB.discouragedC.enthusiasticD.fantastic【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项courageous“勇敢的”；B选项discouraged“灰心的”；C选项enthusiastic“热衷的；热烈的”；D选项fantastic“极好的；富于想象的”。句意：他本来_于春游，但回来时却很沮丧，说他不应该参加春游。根据语境，这里指在春游之前他对此非常激动和期待，C

28、选项enthusiastic“热衷的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题The farmer used wood to build a house _ to store grain.问题1选项A.whichB.whereC.withD.in which【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：那位农民用木头盖了一所房子，用来储存粮食。横线前面部分是完整的主谓宾结构，横线到句尾要么是短语要么是从句，根据语境，后面部分还原成to store grain in a house，强调在房子里面储存粮食，D选项in which是修饰store grain的状语，A选项which不能作状语；

29、B选项where虽然也可以作状语，但是指在建造房子的整个地方，而不是房子里面；C选项with后面接介词to语法错误。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题He was completely _ by her story of hardship.问题1选项A.taken awayB.taken downC.taken upD.taken in【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项taken away“拿走”；B选项taken down“（从高处）取下；拆除；记下”；C选项taken up“开始从事；着手处理；接受（建议或挑战）”；D选项taken in“收留；欺骗”。句意：他完全被她艰难困苦

30、的故事_。根据语境，这里表达的是他被她欺骗了，D选项taken in“收留；欺骗”符合题意。因此D选项正确。14. 单选题The _ of Confucius built the temple in memory of their ancestor.问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.correspondentsD.opponents【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”；B选项predecessors“前任；前一代”；C选项correspondents“通讯员”；D选项opponents“对手”。句意：孔子的_建

31、造这座庙来纪念他们的祖先。根据语境，在这里孔子的后代纪念孔子比较合理，A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”符合题意。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题The Chinese food in the United States is usually _ for American people.问题1选项A.modifiedB.cookedC.exchangedD.altered【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modified“稍作修改，使更适合；使温和”；B选项cooked“烹调”；C选项exchanged“交换”；D选项altered“更改；修改（衣服使更合身）”。句意：美

32、国的中餐通常是根据美国人的口味进行_的。根据语境，这里指中餐到了美国就为了适应美国人的口味而进行微小的改变，A选项modified“稍作修改，使更适合”符合题意，D选项altered“更改”只有更改的意思，不是最佳选项。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题The man denied _ any thing at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.问题1选项A.to have stolenB.to stealC.having stolenD.having been stealing【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：警

33、察盘问那人时，他否认偷了超市里的任何东西。根据动词短语deny doing sth.确定非谓语动词用现在分词ing形式，根据steal的动作发生在deny之前，确定用完成时，C选项having stolen符合题意。没有deny to do sth.的用法，A选项to have stolen和B选项to steal错误。D选项having been stealing没有这个用法，语法错误。因此C选项正确。17. 单选题I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.问题1选项A.your delaying to makeB.yo

34、u delay to makeC.you to delay makingD.your delaying making【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推迟做决定。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，delay doing sth.“推迟做某事”，mind和delay后跟动名词做宾语，D选项your delaying making符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。18. 单选题This mountain range has many high _ and fertile valleys.问题1选项A.peaksB.hillsC.phas

35、esD.pink【答案】B【解析】【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项peaks“山顶；顶峰”；B选项hills“山丘；（道路的）斜坡”；C选项phases“阶段”；D选项pink“粉红色”。句意：这条山脉有许多高_和肥沃的山谷。根据语境，这里指的是这条山脉包含了许多座山，B选项hills“山丘”符合题意。因此B选项正确。19. 单选题He gave us a good _ of his experience.问题1选项A.demonstrationB.frequencyC.descriptionD.instruction【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项demons

36、tration“表现，显露；游行示威”；B选项frequency“重复率”；C选项description“描述；类型”；D选项instruction“命令”。句意：他向我们很好地_了他的经历。根据语境，这里指的是分享他的经历，C选项description“描述”符合题意。因此C选项正确。20. 单选题You will see this product _ wherever you go.问题1选项A.advertiseB.advertisingC.to be advertisedD.advertised【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你到哪里，都能看到这个产品的广告。当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。根据谓语动词是see，横线部分是宾语product的宾补，确定省略to；根据产品和打广告是被动关系，确定用被动语态，D选项advertised符合题意。A选项advertise是动词原形；B选项advertising是现在分词形式；C选项to be advertised未省略to。因此D选项正确。