2022-2023年考博英语-西南交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第16期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西南交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The computer revolution may well change society as （ ） as did the Industrial Revolution.问题1选项A.certainlyB.insignificantlyC.fundamentallyD.comparatively【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项certainly“当然；必定”；B选项insignificantly“无关紧要地”；C选项fundamentally“ 根本地，从根本上；基础地”；D选项comparatively

2、“比较地；相当地”。句意：计算机革命可能会像工业革命一样从根本上改变我们的社会。因此C符合句意。2. 单选题When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question（ ）a variety of answers.问题1选项A.defiesB.magnifiesC.mediatesD.evokes【答案】D【解析】句意:当人们被问及他们需要或想要什么样的住房时，这个问题引起了各种各样的回答考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的三单形式。defy 藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；magnify 放大：赞美；夸大; medi

3、ate 调停；evoke 引起；唤起。该动词的宾语是a variety of answers(各种各样的回答)，由此可知D项符合句意。3. 单选题Did you notice the （ ） on the doctors face when heard that Kino had found the pearl of the world?问题1选项A.appearanceB.expressionC.descriptionD.look【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：appearance “外貌，外观”；选项B：expression意为“脸色，表现， 表情，态度，腔调”；选项C：des

4、cription “描述，描写，类型，说明书”；选项D：look意为“样子，面容，看”。根据题意，本题选项B更符合题意，正确。句意：听说Kino找到了世界明珠之后，你注意到医生脸上的表情了吗?4. 单选题Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy （ ） for her examination.问题1选项A.to prepareB.to be preparedC.preparingD.being prepared【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be busy in doing sth.表

5、示 “忙于做某事”，因此C项正确。句意：Jean昨晚没有时间去听音乐会是因为她忙着准备她的考试。5. 单选题The security guard（ ）two men who were yelling in the courtroom.问题1选项A.dispelledB.propelledC.repelledD.expelled【答案】D【解析】句意:保安将两名在法庭上大喊大叫的男子驱逐了出去。考查动词辨析。dispel驱散，消除(尤指感觉或信仰);propel 推进，驱使：repel 击退， 抵制：expel 驱逐，开除。根据关键词“大喊大叫的男子”可知D项符合句意。6. 翻译题Transla

6、te the following sentences into English1.不管大家如何看待这些趋向，多方面的努力可以澄清一点：科研与教育的统一在联邦政府和大学的议事日程上理应优先考虑。2.改革是企业充满活力的基本。3.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。4.他们想要说明，为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。5.旅馆业就忧虑旅馆建得太多，不愁人太多。【答案】1. Whatever we think of these trends, various efforts can clarify one point: the unity of research and education should b

7、e a priority on the agenda of the federal governments and universities.2. Reform is the basis for enterprise to be full of vitality.3. Near vermilion，one gets stained pink; near ink, one gets stained black.4. They want to explain why we possess certain personality traits and exhibit certain behavior

8、s5. The hotel industry worries that too many hotels are being built, rather than too many people.7. 单选题Our multimillion nerve-cell central nervous system has its roots in the scattered nerve cells of tiny, lowly organisms that lived in water half a billion years ago. Nerve cells evidently first appe

9、ared in coelenterates “hollow-gutted” organisms like the hydra and the sea anemone. A coelenterates nerve network lacks any kind of centralized control. This probably began with flatworms - the first creature to possess a head.Specialized sense cells help flatworms respond more flexibly than sea ane

10、mones to outside stimuli. But like most animals without a backbone, flatworms act almost by instinct and reflex.Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big, complex types of brain the types we find among the backboned animas or vertebrates. The tiniest fish has a

11、larger brain than the largest insect. But the development of a fishs three-part brain reflects that beasts unintellectual priorities. Much of the forebrain deals only with smell. The midbrain handles vision and the hindbrain balance.With early mammals the brain grew larger and more complex. Sense co

12、ordination shifted from the midbrain to the forebrain, a developing structure capped by folded cerebrum to handle memory and learning. Meanwhile the hindbrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements.Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and human (the primates) have brains der

13、ived from ancestors that took to living in the trees, where vision mattered more than smell. Accordingly the once big “smell part of the forebrain grew smaller, while the part that handles vision grew much larger.1.With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?2.The hydra is a kind of（ ）.3.In the

14、last paragraph, the phrase “took to” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.It can be inferred from the passage that insects do not have（ ）.5.According to the passage, what helps to coordinate the complex physical activity of a mammal?问题1选项A.The sensory organs of invertebrates.B.The anat

15、omy of tiny organismsC.The origin of the brain and central nervous system.D.The importance of vision for fish and advanced animals.问题2选项A.flatwormB.coelenterateC.sea anemoneD.nerve cell问题3选项A.beganB.fled toC.carried toD.became friendly toward问题4选项A.brainsB.backbonesC.nerve cellsD.reflexes问题5选项A.The

16、cerebellumB.The forebrainC.The cerebrumD.The midbrain【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲中枢神经系统和大脑的起源，因此C项正确。第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted” organisms like the hydra and the sea anemone”(诸如水螅和海葵等腔肠动物)。由此可知，B项 “腔肠动物”正确。第3题:词义题。对于短语“took to”的理解可参考句子: Advanced mammals such as mo

17、nkeys, apes and human (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees (先进的哺乳动物，如猴子、猿和人类（灵长类动物）的大脑是由祖先进化而来的，它们在树上生活)，take to本意为 “开始从事”。第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出: The tiniest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect (最微小的鱼相比最大的昆虫有更大的头脑)。由此可知，A项 “大脑”正确。第5题:细节事实题。题干为:由文章可

18、知，什么有助于协调哺乳动物复杂的身体活动?倒数第二段指出: Meanwhile the hindbrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements (同时，后脑获得了巨大的小脑来协调复杂的运动)。由此可知A项“小脑”正确。8. 单选题This research has attracted wide （ ） coverage and has featured on BBC televisions Tomorrows World.问题1选项A.messageB.informationC.mediaD.data【答案

19、】C【解析】考查固定搭配。media coverage表示“媒体报道”。句意：这个研究已吸引了广泛的媒体报道且成为英国广播公司的“未来世界”的特别节目。9. 单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became（1）in a variety of aerobic activities, and（2）thousands of health spas （3） around the cou

20、ntry to capitalize on this（4）interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed （5）to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their（6）was not on aerobics, （7）on weight-training programs designed to dev

21、elop muscular mass, （8）, and endurance in their primarily male（9）. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit（10）from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs（11）few, if （12）, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight traini

22、ng has again become increasingly （13）for males and for females. Many（14）programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.（15）, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related rea

23、sons, but primarily（16）such fitness components have been related to（17）in athletics.（18）, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health（19）as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now （20）

24、that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.问题1选项A.imposedB.engagedC.confinedD.illustrated问题2选项A.affluentlyB.eligiblyC.gorgeouslyD.literally问题3选项A.enhancedB.manifestedC.developedD.established问题4选项A.emergingB.hoveringC.intriguingD.mingling问题5选项A.priorB.entitledC.liab

25、leD.subjected问题6选项A.actionB.focusC.cementsD.snap问题7选项A.orB.or elseC.andD.but rather问题8选项A.strengthB.nutritionC.toleranceD.ambition问题9选项A.practitionersB.enthusiastsC.refereesD.recipients问题10选项A.financiallyB.particularlyC.legitimatelyD.excessively问题11选项A.presentedB.offeredC.indicatedD.demonstrated问题12

26、选项A.somethingB.someC.anythingD.any问题13选项A.popularB.vigorousC.intelligibleD.formidable问题14选项A.currentB.primitiveC.unevenD.incredible问题15选项A.PracticallyB.EventuallyC.EssentiallyD.Historically问题16选项A.becauseB.if onlyC.althoughD.now that问题17选项A.performanceB.harassmentC.identificationD.portrayal问题18选项A.M

27、oreoverB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Anyway问题19选项A.advantagesB.benefitsC.interestsD.profits问题20选项A.recommendsB.reassuresC.speculatesD.mediates【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:B第10题:A第11题:B第12题:D第13题:A第14题:A第15题:D第16题:A第17题:A第18题:C第19题:B第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。impose 利用;强加于；engage 吸引;从事;参与;confin

28、e 限制；illustrate 阐明;举例说明。这里表示“数百万人开始参与各种有氧运动”，因此本题选B。第2题:考查副词辨析。affluently 富裕地;eligibly 可被选地：适当地；gorgeously 华美地;辉煌地;literally 不夸张地：实际上;确实地。这里表示: 数百万人开始参与各种有氧运动，实际上数以千计的健康温泉。因此D符合句意。第3题:考查动词辨析。enhance 加强;manifest 证明;表明;develop 发展;开发;形成;establish 建造;建立。此处句意为:数千的减肥温泉疗养地为了利用这个对健身出现的兴趣而在全国形成，因此C正确。第4题:考查动

29、词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。emerge出现;浮现; hover盘旋;踌躇; intrigue激起的兴趣; mingle (使)与结合;使混合。此处选A项比较合适，表示“新兴的”。第5题:考查形容词辨析。prior 优先的,prior to 在之前;居先;entitled 有资格的，entitled to有权享有；有 的资格；liable倾向于，liable to易于；subjected 使从属的，subjected to遭受；承受；使某人经历某事。空格后表示:然而，它们的不在有氧运动上，因此这里指代“先于有氧运动的一些水疗健身中心”，故选A。第6题:考查名词辨析。action 行

30、动;focus 关注;cement水泥；接合剂;snap噼啪声;突然折断。根据空格前后可知这里表示“它们不关注，而关注.”。第7题:考查连词辨析。这里表示“它们不关注，而关注.”。因此D项正确。第8题:考查名词辨析。strength 力量;nutrition 营养；tolerance 容忍；ambition抱负。由空格前muscular mass (肌肉块)以及空格后endurance (耐力)可知这里指代 “重量训练被设计来形成肌肉块,力量和耐力”。故选A。第9题:考查名词辨析。practitioner 实践者; enthusiast 狂热追求者;referee 裁判;调解人;介绍人;rec

31、ipient 接受者。这里表示“对男子气概的狂热追求者”，因此B项正确。第10题:考查副词辨析。financially 经济上;财政上; particularly 特别地;具体地； legitimately 合理地;正当地；excessively 过分地;极度。此处句意为:重量训练健身没有在经济上从为了更健康的有氧健身运动中受益。因此A项正确。第11题:考查动词辨析。present提出;呈现;offer提供;indicate表明;demonstrate证明。空格处动词的宾语是health benefits (对健康的好处)，因此B符合句意。第12题:考查固定搭配。If any表示“如果有的话”

32、。第13题:考查形容词辨析。popular 流行的：vigorous 精力充沛的;；intelligible 可理解的; 明了的；formidable 强大的；可畏的。此处句意为:重量训练已再次变得越来越流行，因此A符合句意。第14题:考查形容词辨析。current 现在的;流通的;通用的;最近的;primitive 原始的;远古的;简单的;uneven 不平均的;不平坦的; incredible 难以置信的，惊人的。该处句意为:目前许多项目不仅注重发展肌肉力量和耐力，还注重有氧健身。因此A项正确。第15题:考查副词辨析。Practically实际地;事实上;Eventually最后，终于;E

33、ssentially本质上；本来;Historically 历史上地;从历史观点上说。这里指代“过去的健身内容”，因此D项正确。第16题:考查连词辨析。由空格前“not for health-related reasons不是因为与健康有关的原因”及转折词“but而是”可知A项正确。第17题:考查名词辨析。performance 表现；harassment 骚扰；烦恼；identification鉴定;辨认;确认；portrayal 描绘；画像。由空格后in athletics(在体育运动上)可知A项符合句意。第18题:考查副词辨析。Moreover 而且;此外;Therefore 因此;所以

34、;However然而;可是;Anyway 无论如何，不管怎样。空格后面是对前面内容的转折，因此C项正确。第19题:考查名词辨析。advantages 优势；有利;benefits 益处;.利益；interests 利益；兴趣，爱好：profits 收益，红利；盈利。这里表示“运动带来的健康益处”，因此B项正确。第20题:考查动词辨析。recommend 建议；推荐，介绍；劝告；reassure 使安心，使消除疑虑；speculate 推测；投机；mediate调停;调解。这里应该用一个表示“建议”的词引导虚拟语气: be part of a total fitness program for

35、healthy Americans(be动词前省略了should)。因此A项正确。10. 单选题Charles Weiss, programme director of science and international affairs at Georgetown University in Washington D.C, was the banks science adviser in the early 1980s. He believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance

36、of succeeding than his own efforts. This, he says, is partly because they have the support of senior executives, particularly James Wolfensohn, the banks president and partly because the bank is now keen to promote knowledge-based development.Unusually for a lending institution, the World Bank posse

37、sses world-class expertise on the projects and the regions where it lends money. Of its 8,000 staff, 3000 have a PhD-level qualification, and many of these are top-ranked researchers headhunted from universities. The quantity and quality of the banks research is consistently high.But this more analy

38、tical aspect of the banks work has always been overshadowed by its lending arm -known as operations -which has generally considered research to be a function of lending, rather than an activity in its own right. In 1987, half of the research staff were sent to work in operations.This tension between

39、 the research and lending wings remains, and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit. In particular, the need for a new department for science is being questioned by some who do not want to see science confined to a ghetto and think it should b

40、e part of the lending portfolio of all of the banks departments.Some Operations staff have yet to be convinced of the merits of raising the banks research profile or funding research in developing countries. They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs in poor

41、er counties which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.The reaction from developing countries will be an important test of the new strategy. The richer countries of Southeast Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East are likely to be more receptive t

42、han poorer countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the bank is not popular, and where almost 50 percent of bank-assisted projects have failed during this decade.1.Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?2.We can infer from the passage that （ ）.3.One of the challenges for

43、 raising the banks research profile lies in （ ）.4.The word“infrastructure” （Paragraph 5） most probably refers to （ ）.5.The best title of the passage maybe “（ ）”.问题1选项A.The World Bank used to attach importance to research in the early 1980s.B.The banks senior executives are in favor of Charles Weisss

44、 promotionC.The bank is now keen to establish a new department for scienceD.James Wolfensohn is thinking about utilizing the banks research resources.问题2选项A.top-ranked researchers were eager to work in operationsB.the new strategy has had a successful result in some developed countries.C.the lending

45、 wing is reluctant to consider research as an independent activityD.science has long been overshadowed because the banks research work was not efficient问题3选项A.lack of investment in scienceB.the reaction from senior executivesC.the lending wings negative attitudeD.low credit ratings问题4选项A.the basic f

46、acilities, services, and installationsB.the interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entityC.an underlying base or foundationD.something constructed问题5选项A.Research Portfolio of the World BankB.A New Strategy of the World BankC.Tension Between Two wingsD.Lending Operations in Developing Cou

47、ntries【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:判断推理题。A: 世界银行在20世纪80年代早期习惯于重视研究。第一段指出：He believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own efforts（他相信，让世界银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功）。由此可知A项不符合原文所述。B: 银行的高级管理人员赞成提拔查尔斯韦斯。此选项中的查尔斯韦斯并未在第一段中提及。C:世界银行现在

48、渴望为科学建立一个新部门。第一段确实提及：the bank is now keen to promote knowledge-based development（世界银行现在渴望推动基于知识的发展），但并不能说明C项正确。D:詹姆斯沃尔芬森正在考虑利用世界银行的研发资源。因此，本题选D。第2题:判断推理题。A:顶级研究人员渴望在运营部门工作，文章并未提及此项。B:这一新战略在一些发达国家取得了成功。第四段指出: if the new strategy is to bear fruit (如果新的战略要取得成果)，以及最后一段指出：The reaction from developing cou

49、ntries will be an important test of the new strategy（来自发展中国家的反应将是对新战略的一个重要测试）。由此可知，新战略还未取得任何成果，因此B项错误。C: 放贷部门不情愿将研究当成是一个独立的活动。第三段指出：.which has generally considered research to be a function of lending, rather than an activity in its own rights（世界银行的放贷部门）认为研究是放贷的一个功能而不是一个独立的活动）。因此C项正确。.D:世界银行的研发工作不够，

50、文章并未提及此项。因此本题选C。第3题:细节事实题。第五段指出：They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs（他们认为应该更多关注传统性的基础设施需要）。因此可知放贷部门对研究持消极态度，这种态度明显对提升银行研究关注度构成了挑战，因此C项正确。第4题:词义题。“infrastructure”所在句为：They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs i

51、n poorer counties which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital （他们认为，应该更多地关注贫困县的传统需求，因为这些县的信用评级较低，很难获得私人资本）。由此可知，infrastructure needs是指代“基础设施需求”。故选A项“基本的设施、服务和设备”。第5题:主旨大意题。全文主要内容是:世界银行正研究投资，后面讲了此研究的原因以及面临的挑战。因此，A项 “世界银行的研究投资组合”比较适合做文章标题。11. 单选题In the wake of 11 S

52、eptember, Visionics, a leading manufacturer, issued a fact sheet explaining how its technology could enhance airport security. They called it protecting civilization from the faces of terror. The companys share price skyrocketed, as did the stocks of other face-recognition companies, and airports ac

53、ross the globe began installing the software and running trials.As the results start to come in, however, the gloss is wearing off. No matter what you might have heard about face-recognition software, Big Brother is not so good as expected.The concern was based largely on an independent assessment o

54、f face-recognition systems carried out in 2000 in the U.S. by the Department of Defense. These tests found that to catch 90 percent of suspects at an airport, face-recognition software would have to raise a huge number of false alarms. One in three people would end up being dragged out of the line a

55、nd thats assuming everyone looks straight at the camera and makes no efforts to disguise himself. Results from the recent airport trials would seem to justify that concern.Most face-recognition systems use some kind of geometric technique to translate a picture of a face into a set of numbers that c

56、apture its characteristics. Once it has identified these boundaries, the software calculates their relative sizes and positions and converts this geometry into what Visionics calls a faceprint. Feed the software a series of mugshots and itll calculate their faceprints. Then it can monitor live CCTV

57、images for the faces of known suspects. When it finds a match, it raises an alarm.Even if the system does manage to capture a face, the problems arent over. The trouble is that a suspects faceprint taken from live CCTV is unlikely to match the one in the database in every detail. To give themselves

58、the best chance of picking up suspects, operators can set the software so that it doesnt have to make an exact match before it raises the alarm. But theres a price to pay: the more potential suspects you pick up, the more false alarms you get. You have to get the balance just right.Despite the disap

59、pointing tests, some people insist that face-recognition technology is good enough to put terrorists off. After all the claims and counter-claims, with no one able to discern the truth, the industry may soon have to face up to reality.1.The first paragraph tells us that （ ）.2.The second paragraph im

60、plies that（ ）.3.What is the fatal defeat of the system according to the U.S. Department of Defense?4.What makes it so hard for the face-recognition systems to work effectively?5.In the last paragraph, the author points out that（ ）.问题1选项A.Visionics produced the best face-recognition software enhancin

61、g airport securityB.Visionicss stock rose in priceC.the airports were satisfied with the softwareD.Visionicss software was a great success问题2选项A.the surface of the software is not enoughB.there is a series of face-recognition software productsC.the software turns out to be inefficientD.the software is not durable问题3选项A.Too many false alarms were raised.B.Everyone should look straight at the camera.C.Only 90% of suspects at an airport were found.D.Everyone should not disguise himself.问题4选项A.The computers are not so advanced.B.The faceprints fed in the