考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题含答案22

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1、考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The question of salary increase will（ ）at the next general meeting.问题1选项A.come offB.come upC.come toD.come through【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come off“成功，离开，举行，实现”；B选项come up“发生，被提出，被讨论，走近”；C选项come to“恢复知觉，苏醒”；D选项come through“安然度过，批准通过，获得成功”。空格处为谓语动词，其主语为The question of salary i

2、ncrease（增加工资的问题），故B选项符合语境。句意：增加工资的问题将在下一次大会上被提出。2. 单选题The waste pipe is blocked; try （ ）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.问题1选项A.blushingB.crushingC.brushingD.flushing【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项blush“脸红”；B选项crush“压破，压碎”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗”。根据句意可知此处指用热水冲洗，因此选D。

3、句意：排污管被堵住了，试试用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做。3. 单选题The （ ）physicist has been challenged by others in his field.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectiveD.respecting【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B选项respectful“尊敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respective“各自的，分别的”；D选项respecting“尊敬，尊重”。根据选项的意思，可知A选项最符合句意。句意：这位受人尊敬的物理学家在他的领域受到了

4、其他人的挑战。4. 单选题She didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immortal【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项explicit“清楚的，明确的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，不直接言明的”；C选项internal“内部的，里面的”；D选项immortal“长生的，永世的，不朽的”。由She didnt openly attack th

5、e plan（她没有公开抨击计划）和转折词but可知B选项符合语境。句意：她没有公开抨击这项计划，但她的反对暗示着她没有说任何支持这项计划的话。5. 单选题One way for writers to support a point is through（ ）, that is, by means of several examples to back up an idea.问题1选项A.illustrationB.explanationC.demonstrationD.interpretation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项illustration“说明”，有举例说明的意思；B选项

6、explanation“解释”；C选项demonstration“游行示威，证明”；D选项interpretation“解释，说明”。根据several examples（几个例子）可知选A。句意：作家支持一个观点的一种方法是通过说明，即通过几个例子来支持一个观点。6. 单选题If only the committee （ ）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible.问题1选项A.approveB.will approveC.can approveD.would approve【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。if o

7、nly表示“要是就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。7. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their No. 1 priority. If we hope to find love, we must first find time f

8、or loving. Unfortunately, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called “self-actualization” to “us-actualization”. We have to learn to put time where love is.

9、The lasting marriage is never sure of the separate “selves” that make it up. But it has complete confidence that the relationship will grow in a never-ending process of learning. There is a powerful healing energy that emanates from loving. Lasting love can learn to sense it, send it and make it gro

10、w. We are energized by love if we put our energy into loving.【答案】当两个人都把抽出时间多聚在一起作为他们的第一要务时，一段美满的婚姻就开始了。如果我们希望找到爱，我们首先必须找到时间去爱。遗憾的是，当前的心理学依赖于独立自我的模式。为了维持长久的婚姻，我们必须克服以自我为中心的思想。我们必须超越心理学家亚伯拉罕马斯洛所说的“自我实现”而转向“共同实现”。我们必须学会把时间放在爱上。持久的婚姻永远无法确定组成婚姻的独立“自我”。但有一点可以确信的是，这种关系将在一个永无止境的学习过程中成长。有一种强大的治愈能量来自于爱。持久的爱可以

11、使人学会感知，释放并使这种能量增长。如果我们把精力投入到爱中，我们就会受到爱的激励。8. 单选题Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Mus

12、ic and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism agai

13、nst the decline in education. Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”,for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, doing ou

14、r own thing, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well-regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the

15、 highly personal, performative genre is the only form, that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter docum

16、ents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle: Why We Should, Like, Care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the wor

17、ld that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that w

18、ould seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china

19、”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.1.According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English（ ）.2.The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes（ ）.3.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?4.The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows

20、the authors（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as（ ）.问题1选项A.is inevitable in radical education reformsB.is but all too natural in language developmentC.has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD.brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s问题2选项A.mo

21、destyB.personalityC.livelinessD.informality问题3选项A.Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B.Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C.Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.D.Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey c

22、omplex ideas.问题4选项A.interest in their languageB.appreciation of their effortsC.admiration for their memoryD.contempt for their old-fashionedness问题5选项A.temporary is to “permanent”B.“radical” is to “conservative”C.“functional” is to “artistic”D.“humble” is to “noble”【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.

23、细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”，for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.（Mr. McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗

24、憾）可知Mr. McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应

25、craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人

26、英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.（Mr. McWhorter承认，正式的

27、语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr. McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是something beautiful，对其做法是赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。5.推理判断题。由he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful（他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paper plates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。9. 单选题Benjamin

28、 Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so（ ）at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.问题1选项A.shrewdB.foxyC.considerateD.adroit【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项shrewd“精明的，敏锐的”，指有头脑，善于判断分析，精明过人；B选项foxy“狡猾的”；C选项considerate“考虑周到的，体贴的”；D选项adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干练的，机敏的”。根据空格处前后句意，

29、可知空格处与tactless（得罪人的，不圆通的）表示的意思相反，因此选D。句意：本杰明富兰克林，年轻时并不圆滑，后来变得很有外交手腕，善于与人打交道，因此被任命为美国驻法国大使。10. 单选题It is well known that the retired workers in our country are （ ）free medical care.问题1选项A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项 entitled to“有权享有，有资格”；B选项involved in“涉及”

30、；C选项associated with“参加，与有关”；D选项assigned to“被分配给”。根据free medical care（免费医疗）可知A选项符合语境。句意：众所周知，我国退休职工享有免费医疗。11. 单选题（ ）excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.问题1选项A.TheoreticallyB.PresumablyC.IncrediblyD.Practically【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项theoretically“理论地，理论上”；B选项pr

31、esumably“据推测，很可能，大概”；C选项incredibly“极其，难以置信地”；D选项practically“实际上，几乎，差不多”。由as has been proved（如已证实的那样）可知前面的内容应该是一种猜测比较符合逻辑，即证实推测。句意：据推测，过度食用油炸食品会造成严重后果，这已被证实。12. 单选题Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply（ ）every cheat in the marketplace.问题1选项A.in lieu ofB.for th

32、e price ofC.by courtesy ofD.at the mercy of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in lieu of“代替”；B选项for the price of“以为代价”；C选项by courtesy of“由于的作用，蒙的好意” ；D选项at the mercy of“完全由支配，任由摆布”。由“Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed（不了解他们需要的信息和建议的消费者）”和“cheat in the marketplace（市场上的欺诈）”可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：不了解

33、他们需要的信息和建议的消费者，只能任由市场上的骗子摆布。13. 单选题Many of the local residents left homes to（ ）the danger of flooding.问题1选项A.encounterB.encloseC.shake offD.ward off【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项encounter“遭遇，遇到”；B选项enclose“围住，随函(或包裹等)附上”；C选项shake off“甩掉，摆脱”；D选项ward off“避开，躲开，防止（危险、疾病等）”。由目的状语“to_the danger of flooding（为了_洪水的危险

34、）”可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：许多当地居民离开家，以避开洪水的危险。14. 单选题As the head of the department was away on a business trip, I was asked to（ ）the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.chairB.introduceC.presideD.dominate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项chair“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”，是及物动词；B选项introduce“介绍，引入”；C选项preside“主持，指挥，担任会议主席”，是不及物动词，后面不能直

35、接跟宾语，故排除；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。由the weekly staff meeting（每周员工会议）可知A选项符合语境。句意：由于部门主管出差，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。15. 单选题At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not（ ）.问题1选项A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on view“

36、在展出，陈列着”；B选项at a glance“立刻，一眼就”；C选项on the scene“在场，出现，到场”；D选项in sight“看得见，在视野内”。分析“some distant mountain is not_”可知空格处的内容作表语，说明主语some distant mountain（远处的山脉），结合句意，可知D选项符合语境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，宽阔的平原开始出现了，而且时刻可以看得见远处的山脉。16. 单选题Calculus does not have to be made easy it is easy already. That banner used to gra

37、ce the Los Angeles classroom of someone once called the best teacher in America. Jaime Escalante, the unconventional calculus teacher who was depicted by Edward James Olmos in the 1988 film Stand and Deliver, died last year of cancer at the age of 79.Half a year after his death, the Obama administra

38、tion weighed in on the state of science, technology, engineering and mathematics（STEM） education in this country. The report, “Prepare and Inspire,” reviewed the sobering statistics about how our K-12 schools suffer by comparison to their counterparts in other developed nations. It called for recrui

39、ting and training 100,000 STEM teachers.But achieving these goals is not going to be easy. The report noted that 25,000 STEM teachers leave the workforce every year, mostly because of disgruntlement with their jobs and lack of professional support. To attract and retain enough science and math teach

40、ers, it will require an elevation in their status and a thorough revamping（翻新）of attitudes toward the entire profession.The onus（责任）to improve schools should be on federal, state and local educational strategists. The first step should be to tap the strengths of the existing teaching pool. We must i

41、dentify todays Escalante the top 5 percent of the nations STEM teachers and, as recommended in the administration report, induct them into a STEM master teachers corps that would receive salary supplements and federal funding to support their activities. Second, we need to give all teachers the tool

42、s they need. We should form the equivalent of an Advanced Research Projects Agency to help develop educational technologies, including “deeply digital” instructional materials that encourage active participation. Finally, we should shift our emphasis from standards to implementation. Developing new

43、standards does have a role, but it is the difficulty of putting them into practice, given the day-to-day pressures that teachers are under.To meet all the goals set by the White House report would require an extra $1 billion each year. Against the nearly $600 billion spent annually for public educat

44、ion, it is not a huge sum. Still, with local districts faced with declining tax revenues and unfunded mandates, some of the money will have to come from the federal government.That goes against the grain during a time when teachers salaries and benefits are being cut. Yet the costs of doing nothing

45、are a matter of simple calculus. If we do not improve STEM education, the U.S. will continue a decades-long slide from the middle of the pack in student achievement toward the very bottom.1.The example of Jaime Escalante is cited to show（ ）.2.The author comes up with the following solutions EXCEPT（

46、）.3.It can be inferred that the biggest barrier to the education reform lies in（ ）.4.According to the passage, “.the costs of doing nothing are a matter of simple calculus” means that（ ）.问题1选项A.the lack of STEM teachersB.the influence of good teachersC.the difficulty to be a teacherD.societys respec

47、t to teachers问题2选项A.attracting talented teachers to STEM educationB.granting special allowances to top teachersC.improving auxiliary materials for teachersD.elevating social and economic positions of teachers问题3选项A.the federal governmentB.lack social supportC.economic hardshipsD.great loss of teache

48、rs问题4选项A.its never too late to do somethingB.calculus can be simpleC.costs is not easy to calculateD.education reform is imperative【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Jaime Escalante定位到文章第一段，由once called the best teacher in America（曾经被称为美国最好的老师）可知Jaime Escalante是一位好老师，以及第二段首句Half a year after

49、 his death, the Obama administration weighed in on the state of science, technology, engineering and mathematics（STEM）education in this country（在他去世半年后，奥巴马政府对美国的科学、技术、工程和数学教育状况进行了评估）可知B选项“好老师的影响”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段中的To attract and retain enough science and math teachers, it will require an elevation

50、in their status and a thorough revamping of attitudes toward the entire profession.（要吸引和留住足够的科学和数学教师，就需要提高他们的地位，彻底改变对整个行业的态度）与D选项“提高教师的社会经济地位”相对应；第四段中的receive salary supplements and federal funding.to help develop educational technologies，including“deeply digital” instructional materials（领取工资补助和联邦资金

51、帮助发展教育技术，包括“深度数字化”教学材料）分别对应B选项“给予优秀教师特殊津贴”和C选项“改进教师辅助材料”，通过排除法，可知A选项为正确答案。3.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Still, with local districts faced with declining tax revenues and unfunded mandates, some of the money will have to come from the federal government.（然而，由于当地地区面临税收下降和无资金支持的情况，部分资金将不得不来自联邦政府）和最后一段的首句That goes

52、against the grain during a time when teachers salaries and benefits are being cut.（当教师的工资和福利被削减的时候，这是背道而驰的）可知C选项“经济困难”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的If we do not improve STEM education, the U.S. will continue a decades-long slide from the middle of the pack in student achievement toward the very bottom.（如果我们

53、不改善STEM教育，美国学生的成绩将从中等继续滑落到低端）可知D选项“教育改革势在必行”符合题意。17. 单选题This kind of material can （ ）heat and moisture.问题1选项A.deleteB.repelC.compelD.constrain【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heat and moisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。18. 单选题There used t

54、o be a threat here years ago, （ ）?问题1选项A.didnt itB.usednt itC.didnt there use toD.didnt there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。There be句型的反义疑问句必须用there进行反问，若be动词前没有其它情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用be动词的适当形式，如be动词前有其它情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用该情态动词或助动词的适当形式。本题的反义疑问句部分为：usednt there或didnt there，因此选D。句意：几年前这里曾经有过威胁，不是吗？19. 翻译题Read the foll

55、owing paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.当我们谈及智力，我们不是指在某种考试中取得高分的能力，也不是指学习好的能力。我们所谈的智力指的是一种生活风格，一种生活，一种在各种情况下的行为方式。真正的智力测验不是测试我们对怎样做知道多少，而是测试当我们不知道做什么时会怎样做。无论年老年少，有才智的人遇到新情况或问题时，都会豁达地面对。他努力用心和感觉去尽可能地掌握所有细节。他考虑该情况或问题，而不是考虑他自己或是这将给他带来什么后果。他大胆地、富有想象力地、机智地，而且如果不是信心十足地，至少是充满希望地去解决问题；假

56、如他无法圆满解决，对自己的错误他也并不害怕或是感到惭愧，而且尽量从中吸取教训，这就是智力。【答案】When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a style of life, a life, a way of behaving in various situations. The true tes

57、t of intelligence is not to test how much we know how to do, but how we behave when we dont know what to do. The intelligent person, young or old, meeting situation or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He thinks about it, instead of

58、 about himself or what it might cause to happen to him. He grapples with it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully, and if not confidently, at least hopefully; if he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence.20. 单选题（ ）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.问题1选项A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项late“晚的”；B选项later“后来的，以后，其后”；C选项latter“（刚提及的两者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D选项lately“最近，近来”。根据have observed可知句子为现在完成时，因此选D。句意：最近，科学家们观察到供水中的污染增加了。