2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前模拟强化练习题16（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题If we（ ） our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of raw materials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。

2、2. 单选题The（ ） on this apartment expires in a years time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”。句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labour （ ）问题1选项A.declineB.rarityC.vacancyD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词

3、义辨析。decline “下降”；rarity “罕见”；vacancy “空缺，空白”； shortage “短缺”。句意：日本劳动力短缺的问题不容易解决。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题By（ ） computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的”；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，

4、普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Ours is a society that tries to keep the world sharply divided into masculine and feminine, not because that is the way the world is, but because that is the way we believe it should be. It takes unwavering belief and considerable effort to keep this d

5、ivision. It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about language.Because we think that language also should be divided into masculine and feminine we have become very skilled at ignoring anything that will not fit our preconceptions. We would rather change what we hear th

6、an change our ideas about the gender division of the world. We will call assertive girls unfeminine, and supportive boys effeminate, and try to change them while still retaining our stereotypes of masculine and feminine talk.This is why some research on sex differences and language has been so inter

7、esting. It is an illustration of how wrong we can be. Of the many investigators who set out to find the stereotyped sex differences in language, few have had any positive results. It deems that our images of serious taciturn （沉默的）male speakers and gossipy garrulous （饶舌的）female speakers are just that

8、: images.Many myths associated with masculine and feminine talk have had to be discarded as more has been undertaken. If females do use more trivial words than males, stop talking in d-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around.None o

9、f these characteristics of female speech have been found. And even when sex differences have been found, the question arises as to whether the difference is in the eye-or ear-of the beholder, rather than in the language.Pitch provides one example. We believe that males were meant to talk in low pitc

10、hed voices while females in high pitched voices. We also believe that low pitch is more desirable. Well, it has been found that this difference cannot be explained by anatomy.If males do not speak in high pitched voices, it is not usually because they are unable to do is more likely to be that there

11、 are penalties. Males with high pitched voices are the object of ridicule. But pitch is not an absolute, for what is considered the right pitch for males varies from country to country.1.The passage implies that the authors attitude towards the division of feminine talk andmasculine talk is（ ） .2.Wh

12、at does the word “effeminate” (Para 2) mean?3.The author uses pitch as an example in order to indicate（ ） .4.Which of the following does NOT belong to the stereotype of feminine talk?5.Males do not speak loudly because （ ）.问题1选项A.assertiveB.snobbishC.approvingD.critical问题2选项A.UnfeminineB.PowerfulC.O

13、bedientD.Unmasculine问题3选项A.that pitch is not a good example to explain the sex difference in languageB.that males should talk in low pitched voices and females in high pitched voicesC.that sex differences in language cannot be well illustratedD.that sex differences lies in eye of ear of the beholder

14、, rather than in the language问题4选项A.Always using trivial wordsB.Repeat the same thing over and overC.Stop talking when the sentence is not finishedD.None of the above问题5选项A.males are unable to do soB.males are afraid of being laughed atC.high pitch is a characteristic of female speech rather than ma

15、le speechD.anatomy has proved that males tend to have lower pitches than females【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about language，作者认为男性化与女性化的区分会导致我们做一些愚蠢的判断，所以可知作者对这种男性化谈话与女性化谈话的区分是持批判态度的。选项D符合题意。2.题干中的 effeminate意思是“柔弱的

16、；没有男子汉气概的”，四个选项中选项D符合题意。unfeminine “不温柔的”；powerful “有力量的”；obedient “顺从的”。3.文章最后一段最后一句话but pitch is not an absolute, for what is considered the right pitch for males varies from country to country 提到每个国家男性的音调都是不同的，因此音调并不能用来判断性别之间的语言区别。选项C符合题意。4.文章第四段If females do use more trivial words than males, st

17、op talking in d-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around提到了女性的一些行为，由此可知选项A、B、C都属于人们对女性的刻板印象，因此选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一段倒数第二句话Males with high pitched voices are the object of ridicule提到如果男性用高音调说话会成为人家的笑柄，所以选项B符合题意。6. 单选题He attends to the （ ）o

18、f important business himself.问题1选项A.transactionB.transitionC.transmissionD.transformation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。transaction “交易，业务”；transition “过渡，转变”；transmission “传送，播送”；transformation “转换”。句意：他亲自参与重要的商务会议。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题There was not a single person there（ ） thought you were right.问题1选项A.whomB.asC.butD

19、.whose【答案】C【解析】考查连词的用法。But 用作连词，放在否定词或疑问词之后，作从属关系，表示否定意义，相当于 that not。选项C符合题意。句意：那里没有一个人认为你是错的。8. 单选题The （ ）of the soil can be increased by using more fertilizers.问题1选项A.produceB.productC.productivityD.production【答案】C【解析】考查形似名词词义辨析。produce “产品”；product “产品，结果”；productivity “生产力”；production “成果，产品”。句

20、意：通过使用更多肥料来提高土壤的生产力。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Some people （ ）avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.问题1选项A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。violently “猛烈地”；enthusiastically “热心地”；sincerely “诚挚地”；deliberately “故意地”。句意：有些人有意回避对错的问题，或对此保持中立。选项D符合题意。10.

21、单选题Tom（ ） better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。should have “本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to

22、predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promp

23、tly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the

24、 brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlittle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intel

25、lect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are

26、 depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are maki

27、ng a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human inte

28、llect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which

29、 of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the authors attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ）问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the

30、 right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than go

31、od in promoting mans understanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.问题4

32、选项A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.问题5选项A.man can find solut

33、ions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of

34、scientific research【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能被预测，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems th

35、e way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告诉18世纪启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶。由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意。3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事

36、来填补空白。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到我们迟早会解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。可以看出作者是非常有信心的。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to a

37、ll our answers 提到会有一些问题我们想不到，但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到的问题，选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Children always are （ ） about things they do not know.问题1选项A.curiousB.queerC.strangeD.quaint【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Curious “好奇的”；queer “奇怪的”；strange “奇怪的”；quaint “离奇有趣的”。句意：孩子们往往对他们所不知道的事情感到好奇。选项A符合题意。13.

38、 单选题Mary once（ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。merge “混合”；collaborate “合作”；coincide “一致”；constitute “组成，构成”。句意：玛丽曾经与另外一位音乐家合作写了一首流行曲。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（ ）

39、of the reality that theyrepresent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；reproduction “繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题A well-established distinction in memory theory is that between sho

40、rt-term and long-term memory. The former refers to our ability to do such things as remember telephone numbers long enough to dial them, the latter-concerns the wide range of ways in which experience can affect behavior many years later. Given the two different kinds of ability, it is reasonable to

41、hypothesize that each is represented differently in the brain. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term memory implies a chemical change in the brain cells, while short-term memory involves patterns of impulses in electric of serve cells.One group of rats were taught to run t

42、hrough a maze. Five minutes after learning the task, they were cooled to 5C, the temperature at which all electrical activity in the brain ceased. They were ten kept at this temperature for 15 minutes before being allowed to their normal temperature. They were then run through the maze, again.A seco

43、nd group of rats were taught to run the same maze, and then immediately cooled to 5 C for 15 minutes. Alter being allowed to return to their temperature, an attempt was made to run the second group through the maze again. It was found that rats in the first group had no difficulty with the maze the

44、second time, suggesting that they did not have to relearn the task. Rats in the second group which was cooled immediately after learning the maze, on the other hand, could not negotiate the maze successfully, i.e., they apparently could not remember what they had learned.It was conclude from this ex

45、periment that short-time memory (in rats, at least) is unlike long-term memory. Short-term memory involves electrical impulses since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory. Long-term memory, in contrast, is unaffected by the disruption of electrical activity and may in

46、volve structural changes in brain cells.1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.Remembering address belongs to（ ） .3.The experiments of two groups（ ） .4.If rats cooled to 5 for 15 minutes immediately, what will happen after being allowed to return to their normal temperature?5.Electrical impulses

47、affect（ ） .问题1选项A.The difference between short-term memory and long-term memory.B.The experiment of two groups of rats.C.The temperature for rats to lose their memory.D.The importance of memory.问题2选项A.short-term memoryB.long-term memoryC.both A and BD.neither A or B问题3选项A.temperature affects rats me

48、moryB.the relationship between temperature and memory is very clearC.there is distinction between short-term memory and long-term memoryD.rats can relearn the task after forgetting it问题4选项A.They have no difficult in crossing the same maze.B.They lose their way in the maze. .C.They can remember the w

49、ay correctly.D.They go through the maze after several trying.问题5选项A.long-term memoryB.short-term memoryC.structural changesD.brain cells【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.文章主要介绍了关于短期记忆和长期记忆的区别的科学假设，选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段指出记电话号码是短期记忆，所以记地址也是短期记忆，选项A符合题意。3.文章最后一段第一句话it was conclude from this experiment that

50、short-time memory (in rats, at least) is unlike long-term memory明确提出实验证明了短期记忆与长期记忆是不同的。选项C符合题意。4.文章第三段提到第二组老鼠的体温被立即降到5摄氏度，结果是它们没有成功走过迷宫。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段Short-term memory involves electrical impulses since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory 提到短跑受电流脉冲的影响，所以选项B符合题意。16

51、. 单选题The word conservation has a thrifty （节俭）meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most

52、 of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an u

53、nhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands, soil destruction and river flo

54、ods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-terms climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes

55、of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table （水位）in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds （上游源头森林地带集水区）need to the protection of plant life

56、 and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for mos

57、t of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured out only in square measure of surface but also in cubit volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.1.The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation

58、of natural resources is（ ） .2.According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that（ ） .3.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize（ ） .4.To avoid correcting the mistake of our forefathers, the author suggests that （ ）.5.Whats the best tit

59、le for the passage?问题1选项A.positiveB.neutralC.suspiciousD.critical问题2选项A.they had no idea about scientific forestryB.they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC.they were not aware of the significance of nature studyD.they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials问题3选项A.the in

60、terdependence of water, soil, and living thingsB.the importance of the proper use of landC.the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsD.the value of the beauty of nature问题4选项A.we plant more treesB.natural science be taught to everybodyC.environmental education be directed toward everyoneD.w

61、e return to nature问题5选项A.Our Forefathers Big MistakeB.Improve the Living ConditionsC.Protection of Our ResourcesD.Lead a Simple Life【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第三句most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible” 提到很多人直到现

62、在还愚蠢地以为那些资源是取之不尽用之不竭的，从 foolish这个单词可知作者对此持批判态度。选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段主要讲述由于几十年前林业科学还是一门没有普及的学科，使得我们的祖先们没有好好保护环境。四个选项中，A, C, D三个选项可以归纳为当时的人还没有环保意识，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段最后一句话In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can 提到我们应该把保存自然原始的美作为目标，由此推断我们的祖先当时没有把这个当成目标，选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段使用了多次 we need to know, we need to be taught 等，可知作者提倡使用教育的方法来提高人们的科学知识。选项B符合题意。5.文章反复强调 conserve, conservation 这两个词，可知作者所要表达的中心思想便是保护环境资源。选项C符合题意。1