2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷9（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题As a start toward better policy making, the administration should put forward a detailed analysis（ ）each major proposed policy change.问题1选项A.justifyingB.criticizingC.designingD.prohibiting【答案】A【解析】句意:作为更好政策制定的开始，行政机构应提出一个详细的分析来证明每个被提议的主要政策变化都是有道理的。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应

2、动词的现在分词形式。Justify 证明 正当（或有道理、合理），替辩护；criticize 批评，评论;design 设计，计划，构思; prohibit 阻止，禁止。因此A符合句意。2. 单选题Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community

3、from all others that belong to different tradition.The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be th

4、at of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologists, our customs and those of New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with common problems, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weight

5、ing of one in favor of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his objective is to understand the way in whic

6、h these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals.Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own b

7、rains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual

8、actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.1. According to the passage, we can say that anthropology（ ）.2. For serious study, an anthrop

9、ologist（ ）.3. In the third paragraph, the author is trying（ ）.4. Which of the following does the author most probably agree with?5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living worldB.can reveal an enormous div

10、ersity of traditionsC.can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and natureD.can distinguish the human race from other creatures问题2选项A.must not study his own cultureB.is not supposed to have a prejudice against any societyC.should focus on those societies which are historically

11、related to each otherD.is obliged to work only on those societies that have no historical relationship to each other问题3选项A.to be critical of customB.to say that anthropology is more important than psychologyC.to strengthen the role custom plays in experience and beliefD.to draw our intention to the

12、importance of custom问题4选项A.The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves.B.The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carried on without any change.C.The anthropologists professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs.D.The anthrop

13、ologist is to explore social relations of different people.问题5选项A.Human Behavior.B.Creature of Society.C.The Science of Custom.D.The Functions of Cultures.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出: It fastens its attention upon those physical and industrial techniques, those conventions and val

14、ues, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to different tradition (它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工业技术、 传统和价值观上，它们使一个社区区别于从属于不同传统的其他社会), 即人类学能体现从属于不同传统的社会之间的不同,因此B项“揭示传统的巨大多样性”正确。2.判断推理题。A项中“must not”和D项中“only”表述过于绝对,故排除。B:不应该对任何社会存在偏见,第二段指出: .and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he i

15、s bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other (只要他还作为一位人类学家，他就一定会避免厚此薄彼，对任何文化存在偏见),因此B与原文所述相符。C:应关注历史上相互关联的社会,第二段指出: For its purposes, any social regulation.and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization (就其目的而言，任何社会规则都与我们文化中的社会规则不可能有历史联系),因此C与原文不符。故选B。3.作者意图题。题干为

16、:在第三段,作者打算?第三段开始指出: Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment (当前，习俗并没有被看作是一门重要的学科), 随后强调了 As a matter of fact, it is the other way round (事实正好相反)。而后谈及了习俗的作用和多样性。因此作者第三段谈及的是习俗的重要性和地位。故选D。4.判断推理题。第二段指出: He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in vario

17、us cultures, and his objective is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals (他感兴趣的是在各种文化中所发现的浩瀚的习俗范围，他的目标就是弄懂这些文化变化和相互区别

18、的方式，搞清楚它们表达自己的不同方式，弄明白任何一个民族的习俗在某一特定文化中的个人生活中的作用方式),故选C“人类学家的专业范畴与习俗的丰富性一样广泛”。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了人类学的研究范围、对象和目标。通篇都在介绍人类学所研究的重点是人类的习俗，以及后文重点介绍了习俗的重要性和地位。故C项“习俗的科学”比较适合做文章标题。3. 单选题Going into the dining room where the banquet was given last night, I can see the（ ）are still on the table.问题1选项A.remainsB.rel

19、icsC.remnantsD.surplus【答案】A【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain 遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics 遗物，纪念物；remnant 剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus 剩余 （指超过需要数量之外的剩余），贸易顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。4. 翻译题The necessary urban development of our cities must be compatible with the conservation of the Cultural and

20、 Historical Patrimony. This is particularly true in the case of those cities, numerous in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe, that are the result of a long historical tradition, often uninterrupted during almost two thousand years. （1）The preservation of the Archaeological Patrimony in these cities, h

21、owever, conies up against conflicts difficult to resolve，with very differine and opposed positions: the demand and the price of the ground, the liamionious development of the city, the presence of infrastructures and services, the aspiration of the citizens to worthy housing, the business projects o

22、f the promoters or the working plans of the constructors.The common resource established to solve these conflicts is Urban Planning. （2）Arcliaeolouv must take part actively in the elaboration of this planning，and use its abilities positively to prevent archaeological problems and look for an accepta

23、ble solution fi.oni the point of view of the protection of the Archaeological Patrimony with regaid to urban development.（3）Lainentablv，archaeology frequently ignores the possibilities of this course of action and does not have the resources necessary to use the urban standard and the planning figur

24、es as other methodological instruments (alongside those traditionally used archaeology) to solve the archaeological impact of urban development.（4）Given that the planning figures are the most efficient wav of regulating the ground plan and classify and organize the territory, they are also a useful

25、instrument for organizing an action of urban Archaeological Patrimony within the plan. This outlining must extend from the element under protection towards its surroundings, and must seek the conservation of that space, as well as guarantee the control of the agents or activities that may act negati

26、vely upon them.（5）The adequate organization of these spaces needs not only to apply the existing ground legislation, but also develop in each particular case (whether a city or a superior organiziii2 community) a defined regulation. This regulation, adapted to the specification of the elements and s

27、urroundings to be protected, provides an adequate organization of the spaces that, due to their own historical values and potential social function, thus require it. To achieve this, it will be necessary to not only limit their use, but also to establish solutions for their management and, even, for

28、 their socio-cultural use.【答案】1.然而，这些城市的考古遗产保护遇到了难以调和的冲突，其中包括一些非常不同，甚至对立的观点。2.考古学（家）必须积极参与城市规划方案的制定，并积极地利用其影响力来阻止考古相关的问题。而且，在城市开发方面，必须从保护历史遗产的角度来寻求可接受的解决办法。3.可惜，考古学经常忽视这一行动的可能性，他们缺乏必要的资源将城市标准和规划数字用作其他方法学工具（与传统考古学一样）,以解决城市开发对考古学造成的冲击。4.假使规划数据是规定土地使用和对用地进行划分以及管理的最有效的途径，它们也可以成为在规划范围内组织城市历史遗址保护行动的有效手段。5

29、.为了对这些地的空间进行充分管理，不仅需要应用现成的一些规范，还要针对每一种具体情况（无论是一座城市还是高级的组织社区）制定特殊规定。5. 单选题We（ ）managed to have people accept our theory after a long, hard struggle.问题1选项A.momentarilyB.suddenlyC.graciouslyD.gradually【答案】D【解析】句意:经过长期的艰苦努力之后，我们逐渐让他们接了受我们的理论。考查副词辨析。momentarily 顷刻之间，马上;suddenly意外地，忽然地；graciously优雅地，慈样地;g

30、radually逐步地，渐渐地。 根据后文的after a long, hard struggle (长期的艰苦努力之后)可知D正确。6. 单选题There are many kinds of metals,（ ）its special properties问题1选项A.each havingB.every havingC.each hasD.one has【答案】A【解析】句意:这里有很多种金属，每一种都有它特有的属性。语法题。考查独立主格。“its special properties它特有的属性”的逻辑主语是空格前“metals金属”,因此这里使用独立主格结构来 表示补充说明。7. 单选

31、题The company expanded its business into Europe, hoping to（ ）.问题1选项A.boostB.encourageC.urgeD.accelerate【答案】A【解析】句意:这家公司把它的业务扩展到了欧洲,希望能够增加市场份额。考查动词辨析。Boost 使增长,使兴旺,偷窃; encourage鼓励,激励; urge催促,驱策; accelerate 加快,加速。空格的宾语为“its market share (市场份额)”,因此A符合句意。8. 单选题I told my friend Graham that I often cycle t

32、he two miles from my house to the town centre blit unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to (1) as I approached it but now I t

33、ell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose (2) and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally as I wind my way up the incline, I (3) myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and si

34、t on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for (4). I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.Problems (5) be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her a

35、ctivism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “ (6) cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”One of the main (7) of success in life is our attitude towards adver

36、sity. From time to time, we all face hardships, problems, accidents, afflictions and difficulties. Some are of our (8) but many confront us through no fault of our own. While we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it.How can you change your attitude towards the adversity t

37、hat you face? Try these steps: Confront the problem. Do not avoid it. Deliberately take a (9) attitude and write down some benefits or advantages of the situation. Visualize how you will feel when you overcome this obstacle. Develop an action plan for how to tackle it. Smile and get cracking.The bio

38、graphies of great people are littered with examples of how they took these kinds of steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become defeatist or depressed. They chose their attitude. They (10) to be positive.They took on the challenge. They won.问题1选项A.gru

39、mbleB.fearC.give upD.stop问题2选项A.temperB.controlC.weightD.sight问题3选项A.provideB.converseC.dealD.console问题4选项A.goodB.freeC.everD.return问题5选项A.are there toB.which canC.will notD.we have问题6选项A.EducationB.InterestC.CharacterD.Friendship问题7选项A.causesB.determinantsC.symptomsD.components问题8选项A.makingB.doingC

40、.takingD.thinking问题9选项A.specialB.strongC.negativeD.positive问题10选项A.seemedB.optedC.hadD.used【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B【解析】1.动词辨析。grumble 抱怨,嘟囔;fear 害怕,敬畏,为担心;give up 放弃,交出；stop 停止,逗留。此处句意为:我对这座山的态度现在改变了,过去我看到它总是。因此A符合句意。2.名词辨析。temper 脾气，(钢等)回火，性情，倾向；control 控制，管理；weight 重

41、量，体重，负担;sight 视力，景象。And连接空格和get fit (变得健康),因此and前面很可能表示 “减肥,减掉体重”,故选C。3.动词辨析。provide 提供，供应；converse 交谈，谈话；deal处理，交易；console 安慰，慰藉。此处表示“想起这些愚蠢的人去健身房的做法来安慰自己”。故选C。4.短语辨析。For good 永久地，一劳永逸地; for free 免费；ever 永远，曾经；for ever 永远，永恒地； for return 作回报。这里句意为:自己能免费地得到同样的价值,故选B。5.语法题。考查一般将来时。句意:难题是用来被面对和克服的,顺风顺

42、水就不会有进步。因此要用一般将来时,排除B和D。C不符合句意。故选A。6.名词辨析。education 教育，培养，教育学；interest 兴趣，利息；character性格，品质，特性；角色friendship 友谊，友爱，友善。空格后句意为提示信息:只有通过磨炼和受难的经历，人的心灵才能被强化,由此可知C符合句意。7.名词辨析。cause 原因，事业，目标;determinant 决定因素；symptom 症状，征兆；component 成分，组件。句意为:我们对待逆境的态度是生命中成功的主要决定因素之一,因此选B。8.名词辨析。making 发展，制造，造成；doing做，不能接受，难

43、以完成， 事件；taking 捕获，收入；thinking思考，意见，见解。这里表示“一些问题是我们造成的”,因此A符合句意。9.形容词辨析。special特别的，专门的，专用的；strong 坚强的，强壮的，牢固的；negative 负的，消极的，否定的，阴性的；positive 积极的，确定的。空格前句意为:你怎样能改变自己对待所面临的逆境的态度呢？可以尝试这些步骤。所以此处表示“故意采取一种积极的态度”,故选D。10.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。seem 似乎，像是，装作，seem to 似乎，看起来;opt选择，opt to 选择;have有，从事，允许，have to必须，不

44、得不；use 利用，耗费。这里应表示“他们选择积极地面对”,故选B。9. 单选题This area of the park has been specially（ ）for children, but accompanying adults are also welcome.问题1选项A.inauguratedB.designatedC.entitledD.delegated【答案】B【解析】句意:公园的这个区是专门为孩子们设定的，但是也欢迎陪同的成年人。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。inaugurate开辟，举行开幕典礼，举行就职典礼；designate 指定，标出，b

45、e designated for 为而设；entitle 定名为，给称号，使有权利，常用于be entitled to表示有资格；delegate委派为代表，委任。故B符合句意。10. 单选题Land belongs to the city; there is（ ）tiling as private ownership of land.问题1选项A.no such aB.not suchC.not such aD.no such【答案】D【解析】句意:土地属于城市，没有诸如土地私人所有的事情。考查固定句式。there is no such thing as. 没有如样的事情。11. 单选题Th

46、ousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, t

47、o be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: l

48、ight amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light

49、with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells.

50、 It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches （刀 口会逢合），no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in

51、need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treat

52、ed with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.1.Up until the 1960s the instruments that used to perform surgical operations were（ ）.2. After the develo

53、pment of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ）.3. The laser beam is so strong because（ ）.4. Surgeons can now carry out operations which（ ）.5. The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that（ ）.问题1选项A.fashionableB.extraordinaryC.specialD.basic问题2选项A.medical help became available for indust

54、rial workers.B.the study of art went through a complete revolution.C.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.D.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely问题3选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into

55、an ordinary light fittingD.it sends out heat in many different directions问题4选项A.can be performed successfully only on the human eyeB.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little damage to the patients themselves问题

56、5选项A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.surgery is likely to improve considerablyC.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives

57、 and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years (后来,人类开始使用锋利的骨头或动物的角,金属材质的刀,而最近却使用橡胶和塑料工具,多年来人类在外科器械方面驻足于此),由此可知D项“基础的”正确。2.判断推理题。A:医疗帮助变得可为产业工人所用,文章未提及。B:艺术的研究经历了彻底变革, 文章未提及。C: 来越多的外科医生开始使用外科器械, 由“The tool is the laser and it is being

58、 used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人类的整个外科手术方式彻底地发生了改变,第一段指出: In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and ind

59、ustry，but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery (20世纪60年代，一 种新的工具（即激光）被开发，它首先对军队和工业有重耍的实践作用，不过后来也对外科手术的各个方面带来了革命化的影响),因此D符合原文所述。本题选D。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by

60、 an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam (然而，一束激光中的光是被聚集了。这意味着在被聚集成一个针尖大小的光朿后，具有不及一个普通的电灯所产生的能量的光就会变得极强),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿构成”正确。4.细节事实题。A: 只 能在人眼上被成功地进行, 由第二段中 “The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over th

61、e world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B: 导致病人需耍长吋间的恢复,C:因使用激光束而被变得更复杂,D: 对病人本身带来非常小的伤害,第三段指出: Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. S

62、o much more difficult operations can now be tried (曾经让病人筋疲力尽且需要长时间恢复的手术，现在让病人感觉放松且舒适。因此更加困难的手术现在都能被尝试),由此可知B项与C项不符合原文所述,D正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段说到: Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective(或许，一些癌症将因激光以一种 让手术不仅更安全且更有效的方式而得到治疗),由此可知B项 “外科手术可能会大幅地改善”正确。12. 单选题 ）the afternoon.问题1选项A.regainedB.recoveredC.restoredD.revived【答案】A【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain 恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover 恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore 恢复,还原;revive 复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。13. 翻译题The question of “identity” is being vigorously