2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷80（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The scientists became very excited as they felt they were on the（ ）of a discovery.问题1选项A.crestB.borderlineC.brinkD.bluff【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。on the brink of“在的边缘”，句意：当感觉自己处于一个发现的边缘时，科学家们变得非常兴奋。故C选项正确。2. 单选题Poor Williams is in hospital again. The unlucky fellow seem

2、s（ ）to accidents.问题1选项A.proneB.destinedC.boundD.disposed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prone“俯卧的；有倾向的，易于的”；B选项destined“注定的；命定的”；C选项bound“有义务的；必定的；受约束的”；D选项disposed“有倾向的；打算做的”。句意：可怜的威廉再次住院。这个不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。结合句意可知A选项正确。3. 单选题She was extremely （ ）, always ready to agree with other peoples wishes.问题1选项A.mellowB.

3、suppleC.adaptableD.obstinate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项mellow“圆润的，柔和的；成熟的；芳醇的”；B选项supple“柔软的；灵活的；顺从的；易弯曲的；逢迎的”；C选项adaptable“适合的；能适应的；可修改的”；D选项obstinate“顽固的；倔强的；难以控制的”。句意：她是非常能适应的，总是准备着去赞同别人的愿望。结合此处句意，C选项正确。4. 单选题Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old p

4、ulp magazines: the Bug-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and （1） that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily-clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and （2） a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In （3）

5、to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it （4）, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction.（5）, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the（6）between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of cha

6、nge and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to（7）that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the（8）of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for（9）other literary form does quite the same things.The question is: what is science fict

7、ion? And the answer（0）be, unfortunately, that there have been（1）attempts to consider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its（12）. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining i

8、t, （13）that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin with, the following（14）should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the（15）of these changes to a conclusion. Although this de

9、finition will necessarily be modified and（16）, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a（17）of departure.The first pointthat science fiction is a literary subgenreis a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or（18）in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, scienc

10、e fiction is cither a short story or a novel.（19）are only a few dramas which could be（20）science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Russums Universal Robots)（21）the only one that is well-known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction

11、 is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves that same basic（22）in much the same way as prose fiction（23）, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can（24）about prose fiction, in general, applies to scie

12、nce fiction. Every piece of science fiction, （25）short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language and theme. And（26）any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with（27）mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in sci

13、ence fiction are constructed and（28）in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular（29）of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of stu

14、dying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would（30）for any other story or novel.问题1选项A.expressionB.featureC.characterD.merit问题2选项A.desertsB.advocatesC.degradesD.reduces问题3选项A.regardB.contrastC.relationD.accordance问题4选项A.wasB.isC.didD.does问题5选项A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Also问题6选项A.bo

15、ndsB.communicationC.relationD.alliance问题7选项A.claimB.swearC.requestD.confirm问题8选项A.dimensionsB.walksC.aspectsD.roles问题9选项A.noneB.someC.anyD.no问题10选项A.shouldB.mustC.willD.cant问题11选项A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little问题12选项A.essenceB.characteristicsC.qualityD.value问题13选项A.norB.soC.thoughD.since问题14选项A.proce

16、dureB.argumentC.instructionD.definition问题15选项A.suggestionsB.applicationsC.implicationsD.descriptions问题16选项A.prolongedB.expandedC.continuedD.stretched问题17选项A.pointB.dotC.locationD.spot问题18选项A.abandonedB.dismissedC.initiatedD.ignored问题19选项A.ThoseB.WhatC.ThereD.They问题20选项A.referredB.entitledC.calledD.d

17、eclared问题21选项A.beingB.isC.areD.does问题22选项A.intentionsB.functionsC.routinesD.occasions问题23选项A.in resultB.in commonC.in generalD.in manner问题24选项A.be sayingB.be saidC.to sayD.say问题25选项A.eitherB.neitherC.not onlyD.whether问题26选项A.asB.thoughC.unlikeD.like问题27选项A.interpretingB.translatingC.exchangingD.repr

18、esenting问题28选项A.recognizedB.presentedC.depictedD.expressed问题29选项A.conflictB.cooperationC.collectionD.combination问题30选项A.haveB.doC.beD.make【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C第21题:A第22题:B第23题:C第24题:B第25题:D第26题:D第27题:A第28题:

19、B第29题:C第30题:D【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项expression“表现，表达；表情”；B选项feature“特色，特征；容貌；特写”；C选项character“性格，品质；特性；角色”；D选项merit“优点，价值；功绩；功过”。由空格前trait“特点”可知B选项正确。2. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；B选项advocate“提倡，主张，拥护”；C选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级；使降解”；D选项reduce“减少；降低”。由空格前关键字demean“贬低的身份”可知C选项正确。3. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。in c

20、ontrast to“与相反”，由空格后关键句science fiction rarely emphasizes sex，中文翻译为：科幻小说很少强调性，可知B选项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语法。由空格前的句子可知此处为一般现在时，并且这里为主谓结构。根据语境和句意可知D选项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“the basic interest of science fiction lies in.between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，中文大意为：科幻小说的根本兴趣在于人与其技术和人与

21、宇宙之间的。因此判断出空格处表示相反的意思，A选项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项bonds“联结，连接，联系”；B选项communication“通讯；通信；交流”；C选项relation“关系；叙述；亲属关系”；D选项alliance“联盟，联合；联姻”。联系下文“between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，句意：人与其技术和人与宇宙之间的根据语境和句意可知C选项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项claim“声称；需要”；B选项swear“发誓；咒骂”；C选项request“请求”

22、；D选项confirm“确认；确定”。由下文“that science fiction is a major literary genre”，中文翻译为：科幻小说是一个主要的文学形式，可知A选项正确。8. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项dimension“范围；尺寸，长度；深度”；B选项walk“步行；行业；人行道”；C选项aspect“方面；方向；形势；外貌”；D选项role“角色；任务”。根据上下文可知C选项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项none“没有人；一个也没有；没有任何东西”；B选项some“一些；若干；其中的一部分；（数量不确切时用）有些人”；C选项any“任何；任

23、何一个；若干”；D选项no“没有；不”。根据上文make it well worth reading and studying，中文翻译为：让它值得被阅读和研究。for在本句话中翻译为“因为”，结合上下文意思，D选项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文可知该空格处应表示有把握的一种推测。因此B选项正确。11. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文，空格处应表示“几乎不”，此处大意应为：几乎没有人试图对这个问题作过详尽或认真的考虑。结合句意A选项正确。12. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质；精华”；B选项characteristics“特性，特征；特色”

24、；C选项quality“质量，品质；特性”；D选项value“价值；价格”。B选项正确。13. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“various facets of its totality cannot be clarified”，中文翻译为“它全体的各个方面不能被澄清”可知此处表示否定，A选项正确。14. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项procedure“程序，手续；步骤”；B选项argument“论证；论据；争吵”；C选项instruction“指令；教导；用法说明”；D选项definition“定义；清晰度”。根据句意，D选项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项sugge

25、stion“建议；示意”；B选项application“应用；申请；敷用”；C选项implication“含义；暗示；可能的结果，影响”；D选项description“描述，描写”。联系上下文可知C选项正确。16. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项prolong“延长；拖延”；B选项expand“扩展；使膨胀；详述”；C选项continue“延续”；D选项stretch“伸展，张开；使竭尽所能”。结合句意，B选项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。a point of departure“出发点”。A选项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项abandon“放弃”；B选项dismiss“解

26、散；解雇”；C选项initiate“开始；发起”；D选项ignore“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文及空格之前的内容，可知D选项正确。19. 【试题解析】考查语法。there be表示某处存在某人或某物。此处大意为：只有一些戏剧作品因此C选项正确。20. 【试题解析】考查词义，A选项refer“涉及；委托；归诸于；使求助于”；B选项entitle“给称号；使有权利”；C选项call“称呼；召集；称为”；D选项declare“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文语义，可知C选项正确。21. 【试题解析】考查语法。With引导伴随状语，后面的系动词be要用现在分词形式，因此A选项正确。22. 【试题解析】考查词

27、义。A选项intention“意图；目的；意向；愈合”；B选项function“功能；职责”；C选项routine“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项occasion“时机；场合”。结合上下文可知B选项正确，意为“为同样的功能服务”。23. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。此处后文“that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.”中文翻译为：也就是说，它与其他小说和短篇故事有很多相同之处。结合上下文，可知C选项正确。24. 【试题解析】考查语法。此处为被动语态，can为情态动词，后面所接动词用原型。故选

28、B。25. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“无论”，因此D选项正确。26. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“如同”，故D选项正确。27. 【试题解析】考查词义。下文“mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him.”中文翻译为：人类的本性和人类与自己周围世界相关的经历。A选项interpret“解释；说明；阐明”；B选项translate“翻译；转化”；C选项exchange“交换；交易；兑换”；D选项represent“代表；表现”。根据语境及句意，可知A选项正确。28. 【

29、试题解析】考查词义。A选项recognize“认出，识别；承认”；B选项present“提出；介绍；呈现；赠送”；C选项depict“描述；描画”；D选项express“表达；快递”。联系上下文可知此处表达的为“呈现”，故B选项正确。29. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；B选项cooperation“合作，协作”；C选项collection“采集，聚集；税收征收；收藏品；募捐”；D选项combination“结合；组合；联合”。联系下文“of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language

30、.”中文翻译为：叙述者、故事、情节、人物、场景和语言的判断出D选项正确。30. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据上文可知此处应填写系动词，故C选项正确。5. 单选题The Nutty Professor was written off as （ ）, but in actuality, he was a smart man!问题1选项A.complicityB.effigyC.inaneD.diatribe【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项complicity“共谋；串通；共犯关系”；B选项effigy“雕像；肖像”；C选项inane“空洞的；愚蠢的”；D选项diatribe“诽谤；恶骂”。

31、句意：肥佬教授被描写成愚蠢的，但是在现实中他却是一个聪明的人。结合句意可知C选项正确。6. 翻译题Passage OneA beached whale is a whale which has become stranded on land, usually on a beach. Beaching is often fatal for whales, as they become dehydrated and die. Whales have been found beached throughout human history and so many standings can be at

32、tributed to natural and environmental factors. There could be many natural reasons like rough weather, weakness due to old age or infection, difficulty giving birth, hunting too close to shore and navigational mistakes. A single stranded animal can prompt the entire pod to respond to its distress si

33、gnals and become stranded. In 2004, scientists at the University of Tasmania found a link between whale standings and the weather. It is hypothesized that when cool Antarctic waters rich in squid and fish flow north, whales follow their prey closer towards land making them more prone to stranding. I

34、n some cases predators (such as killer whales) have been known to panic whales, herding them towards the shoreline. Strandings can be grouped into several different types. The most obvious distinctions are between single and multiple standings. Single live strandings are often the result of an illne

35、ss or injury, which would almost inevitably end in death unless a passer-by knows how to react.Multiple strandings of dead animals in one locality are rare and often cause a great deal of media coverage as well as rescue efforts by sympathetic humans. Even multiple offshore deaths are unlikely to le

36、ad to multiple strandings due to the variable winds and currents scattering the animals across the sea. A key factor in many of these cases appears to be the strong social cohesion amongst toothed whales. If one whale gets into trouble, its distress calls may prompt the rest of the group to follow a

37、nd become beached themselves. There is no definitive specific cause for mass strandings. Instead they may happen due to numerous factors that can act in combination. Many have been proposed, with some seeking to explain only a subset of cases; however, they are difficult to prove conclusively and ar

38、e sometimes controversial.Passage TwoIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a Jaguar XK 4.2-S. So might “Pride and Prejudice” have started had Jane Austen, who was paid 110 (3, 200, or $5,700, in todays money) for one of the best

39、selling novels ever, been lucky enough to live in an era which offered the mutually beneficial partnership between creative talent and commercial sponsorship known as product placement.See how swiftly the hero runs in his flash new trainers? Notice how luxuriantly the shower gel foams on the heroine

40、s back? Thats probably because the companies that make those products have paid the producers of those programs fat fees to portray their wares nicely. Product placement, which gave birth to the original soap operas created to sell washing powders, is back.Digital technology is the reason. Viewers c

41、an now effortlessly skip the ads, so broadcasters and the companies that used to buy airtime for commercials are trying to find better ways to catch peoples attention. Product placement is one promising option, but it is controversial. It is allowed in America but mostly banned in the European Union

42、. Consumer organizations across Europe oppose the introduction of product placement, saving it would undermine trust in broadcasters. European producers and broadcasters complain that this is unfair because their American rivals benefit from a source of income denied to them, and senseless because A

43、merican programs anyway appear on European screens. The EU is therefore planning to legalize product placement, but the proposal faces some opposition, viewers watching ads, say the critics, are fair game because they know theyre being sold stuff. When theyre watching programs, by contrast, they don

44、t realize that products are being promoted.But if advertising that slips imperceptibly into peoples brains were to be banned, a great deal of what goes on now would be outlawed. After all, drivers spinning past billboards dont necessarily consciously clock the message theyve seen; often they file it

45、 unconsciously as you browsing through these pages, may well absorb the notion that an expensive watch or a new phone will change your life in some vague but enticing way. As for people who believe the literal truth of what they see in soap operas well, no amount of regulation can protect them from

46、themselves.Anyhow, governments dont need to police entertainment content-producers will do it themselves. When Fay Weldon, a novelist, wrote a book for Bulgari, a jewelry manufacturer, a few years ago, it was not widely viewed as a literary gem. Neither she, nor anybody else with a reputation worth

47、keeping, has tried that again. Which is just as well: the world would have been a poorer place had Mr. Bing ley been more interested in his ride than in the Bennet girls.Directions: Each of the following two passages has some underlined parts. Translate the underlined parts into Chinese and write yo

48、ur translation on the Answer Sheet.【答案】（1） 【参考译文】搁浅的鲸鱼是搁浅在陆地（通常是在海滩上）的鲸鱼。搁浅对鲸鱼来说通常是致命的，因为它们会脱水死亡。在整个人类历史中，鲸鱼一直被发现搁浅，有很多搁浅是由于自然和环境因素。可能有许多自然原因，比如恶劣的天气、年老或感染导致的身体虚弱、分娩困难、猎食离海岸太近以及导航错误。（2） 【参考译文】在一个地方多次搁浅死去的动物是罕见的，经常引起大量媒体报道和同情的人们的救援努力。由于多变的风和洋流将这些动物分散在海中，即使是多次离岸死亡也不太可能导致多次搁浅。其中一个关键因素就是齿鲸之间强大的社会凝聚力。如果一

49、头鲸鱼遇到麻烦，它发出的求救信号可能会促使其他鲸鱼跟随并搁浅。Passage Two（1） 【参考译文】看到男主穿着他的新运动鞋跑得有多快了吗？注意到女主角背上的沐浴露泡沫有多丰富吗？这可能是因为生产这些产品的公司已经向这些节目的制作者支付了大笔费用，以使他们的产品能被很好地描绘出来。让被创造来销售洗衣粉的最初肥皂剧产生的产品植入又回来了。（2） 【参考译文】数字技术是原因。观众现在可以毫不费力地跳过广告，所以以前为商业广告而购买广告时间的广播电台和公司，正在试图找到更好的方法来引起人们的关注。产品植入是一个有前途的选择，但它却有争议。尽管植入式广告在美国被允许，但是在欧盟却通常被禁止。考虑到

50、可能危害广播电台的信用，欧洲的消费者组织反对产品植入。（3） 【参考译文】但是，如果不知不觉地溜进人们大脑的广告将被禁止，那么如今大量进行着的广告将是不合法的。毕竟，转过广告牌的司机没必要有意识地注视他们所见的广告词：他们经常无意识地对广告词进行归档因为，通过浏览这些广告页面，你可能很好地吸收这样的概念，即一块昂贵的手表或一部新的手机将以一些模糊但却诱人的方式来改变你的生活。对于相信自己所看肥皂剧中字面真理的人而言，即使再多的监管也不能让他们免于来自自己本人的伤害。7. 单选题Fast ReadingNewspapersNewspapers are the original form of b

51、roadband communication, a distinction not always recognized in the age of the Internet. Long before we had computers, televisions, radios, telephones and telegraphs, newspapers were the cheapest and most efficient way to reach mass audiences with news, commentary and advertising. Newspapers, from th

52、eir beginnings as hand-printed “broadsheets”, have been a true random-access medium - readers can move easily and quickly through the different sections of a newspaper, returning to them days or even weeks later. And because a newspapers “software” consists of a common language, it possesses a unive

53、rsal and timeless quality.What Did the Growth of TV News Mean to Newspapers?With the growth of television news in the 1960s, newspapers confronted their first formidable competitor. Today, ABC News claims that more Americans get their news from ABC than from any other source and its probably true. T

54、he United States 1,600 daily newspapers continue to serve millions of readers, but newspapers are no longer the countrys dominant mass medium. How to survive and even flourish in a culture more attuned to （吻合）electronic media than to printers ink is the most serious issue facing the newspaper indust

55、ry as it enters the 21st century.It is safe to say that newspapers are not about to follow the Morse telegraph into oblivion. Newspapers are a portable convenient medium. No one lugs a computer monitor to the breakfast table to get the morning news. And, newspapers are proving surprisingly adept at

56、reinventing themselves for todays readers by emphasizing good design, color photography and detailed stories that report and interpret current events.What Exactly Is News and How Does It Work?Curiously, for a publication called a newspaper, no one has ever coined a standard definition of news. But f

57、or the most part, news usually falls under one broad classification - the abnormal. It is human folly, mechanical failures and natural disasters that often “make the news”. Reporters are a newspapers front-line eyes and ears. Reporters glean （收集） information from many sources, some public, such as p

58、olice records, and others private, such as a government informant. Occasionally, a reporter will go to jail rather than reveal the name of a confidential source for a news story. American newspapers proudly consider themselves the fourth branch of government the watchdog branch that exposes legislat

59、ive, executive and judicial misbehavior.Some reporters are assigned to beats, or an area of coverage, such as the courts, city hall, education, business, medicine and so forth. Others are called general assignment reporters, which means they are on call for a variety of stories such as accidents, ci

60、vic events and human-interest stories. In the movies, reporters have exciting, frenzied （狂热的）and dangerous jobs as they live a famous pronouncement of the newspaper business: “Comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable.” Although a few members of the media have been killed as a result of inve

61、stigations into wrongdoing, newspaper work for the great majority of reporters is routine.All reporters are ultimately responsible to an editor. Depending on its size, a newspaper may have numerous editors, beginning with an executive editor responsible for the news division. Immediately below the e

62、xecutive editor is the managing editor, the person who oversees the day-to-day work of the news division. Other editors sports, photo, state, national, features and obituary（讣告）, for example may also report to the managing editor.However, the best known and in some ways the most crucial editor is the city or metro editor. This is the editor that reporters work for directly. The city or metro editor assigns stones, enforces deadlines and is the first to see reporters raw copy on the composition syste