2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第83期

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Tomorrow morning I will have to（ ）a conference.问题1选项A.joinB.take partC.attend toD.participate in【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项join“加入；参加”；B选项take part“参与， 参加”；C选项attend to“注意；照料” D选项participate in“参加；分享”。句意：明天早上我要参加一个会议。A, B, D三个选项均有 “参加”的意思，但是join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，take pa

2、rt和participate in一般是说参加某项活动，而take part比participate in更有主动的感觉，且侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。Participate是正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。因此C项正确。2. 单选题Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is smallPruning involve

3、s the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or siz

4、eThe object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shapeSecondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthierYou may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing

5、 against each other and thus causing woundsThe health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is

6、 a wound that will healOften there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at riskIt should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possibleIt is essential to make the area which has been prun

7、ed smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughnessYou should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purposePruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of t

8、he tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleedIf this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.1.Pruning is probably usually done to （ ）.2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ( ).问题1选项A.make the sma

9、ll branches thicker.B.get rid of the small branches.C.improve the shape of the tree.D.make the tree grow taller.问题2选项A.damages some of the small side branches.B.forces them to grow too quickly.C.does not protect them from the wind.D.allows too many branches to grow in the middle.问题3选项A.To help a wou

10、nd to dry.B.To cover a rough surface.C.To prevent disease entering a wound.D.To make a wound smooth.问题4选项A.regularly every winter.B.occasionally when necessary.C.as quickly as possible.D.at intervals throughout the year.问题5选项A.To discuss different methods of pruning.B.To explain how trees develop di

11、sease.C.To give a general description of pruning.D.To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段第一句指出：First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size (首先，修剪可以确保树有一个理想的形状或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是为了“改善树的形状”，故选C。2.判断推理题。第二段最后一句指出：The

12、 health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air (修剪掉挡在中间而阻止了空气自由流通的树枝，可以让树更健康)。由此可知，如果园丁让太多的树枝在中间生长，树就会不健康。D选项正确。3.判断推理题。最后一段第一句指出：One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides

13、an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal(修剪的一个后果是树上留下一个缺口，这为疾病提供了一个容易的入口，但这是一个可以愈合的伤口)。因此树被涂上一种特殊材料终究是为了“防止疾病通过修剪口侵入”。B项和D项都是干扰项，虽然后面提到：It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness (修剪过的区域必须光滑干净，因为粗糙会减缓愈合速度)

14、。但它们并不是最终原因。因此本题选C。4.判断推理题。第一段指出：Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and (只有在有充分和明确的理由时才应该修剪树木)。由此推断，B项“必要时偶尔修剪”正确。5.主旨大意题。本文开头讲了修剪的原因，方法，后面讲了修剪的后果极其处理方法，因此C项“概述修剪”比较能概括本文主旨。3. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human

15、 beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They c

16、ould not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or ene

17、mies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentiv

18、es(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As

19、 individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by e

20、motions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we ea

21、t and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform importan

22、t tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without e

23、motion is that（ ）.2.According to the passage, peoples learning activity are possible because they（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ）.4.Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because（ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an

24、object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feeling

25、s问题2选项A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveD.benefit from providing help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the capacity to workC.the stimulus to workD.the

26、 categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D.they produce more love than

27、 hate among people.问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“People might not be able to stay aliv

28、e: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. 人们可能无法活下去:既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对自己有害的行为。”言下之意就是人们不知道什么事情对自己有益处，什么事情有害，所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“They could not learn: they could not benefit from experien

29、ce because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. 他们无法学习:他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。可知人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段“Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to w

30、ork. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。”可知经济的支柱是工作的动力，故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events c

31、omes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. 我们对事物和事件的情感体验会产生一种社会认同感，认为某些事物和行为是好的而另一些是坏的。事实上，社会利

32、用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，来维持自身。”可知B项“它们是维持社会认同感的基础。”正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, sur

33、prise us, anger us or make us joyful. 为个体，我们会根据我们的情绪对物体进行分类。诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但它对我们做了什么或能做什么更重要伤害我们、让我们惊讶、愤怒或高兴。”可知物体的情感方面能够引导我们去调整自己的行为以便更好地适应周围的环境。故D项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:4. 单选题Many（ ）came to the Presidents reception.问题1选项A.personB.charactersC.peopleD.notables【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。person“人”；character

34、“性格，品质”；people“人，人类”；notable“名人，显要人物”。句意：许多显要人物前来参加总统的招待会。5. 翻译题2. Translate the following into English. (10%)中国政府已做出了重大的努力，动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策，普及环境知识，使每一个人投入保护生态环境的行动中去。【答案】The Chinese government has made great efforts to mobilize people to improve ecologica

35、l environment according to local conditions. We will double our effort to raise people s awareness of environment. The news media are needed to publicize the environmental policy in our country, popularize the knowledge about environment, making every citizen take an active part in ecological enviro

36、nment protection.6. 翻译题A. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. (3x5)1. We recognize that in the long run, innovation is a key driver of growth for both individual countries and the global economy as a whole. We are committed to tackling one of the root causes of weak growth b

37、y taking innovation as a key element of our effort to identify new growth engines for individual countries and the world economy.2.Recognizing the detrimental effects of corruption and illicit finance flows on equitable allocation of public resources, sustainable economic growth, the integrity of th

38、e global financial system and the rule of law, we will reinforce the G20s efforts to enhance international cooperation against corruption, while fully respecting international law, human rights and the rule of law as well as the sovereignty of each country.3.The pride we feel when someone from our n

39、ation wins a Nobel Prize is different from the one we feel witnessing one of our athletes winning an Olympic medal. We dont feel the pride of our tribe demonstrating superiority over other tribes. Rather, its the pride that comes from knowing that one of us has made a significant contribution to our

40、 common human endeavor.【答案】1.我们认识到，创新是各国和全球经济长期增长的重要动力。我们致力于解决经济增长疲软的根源问题之一，将创新作为我们努力为各国和世界经济寻找新的增长引擎的关键因素。2.认识到腐败和非法资金流动对公共资源公平分配、可持续经济增长的不利影响，以及破坏全球金融体系的完整性和法治，我们将加强二十国集团的反腐败国际合作，同时充分尊重国际法、人权、法治以及各国主权。3.当我们看到来自我们国家的人获得诺贝尔奖时心里产生的那种自豪感，与我们看到我国运动员收获奥运奖牌时油然而生的自豪感不同。我们内心并不会有一种优越感认为我们的民族优于其他民族，恰恰相反，获得诺贝

41、尔奖的自豪感是源于得知我们当中的某个人对全人类的共同努力做出了重大贡献。7. 翻译题1. Translate the following into Chinese. (10%)Interest in basketball in the United States peaks around three big championship events in the spring: the college championships for men and women in late March or early April and the professional playoffs that cl

42、imax in June. But that s only organized basketball. Informally, the game has been learned by generations of American youths on city playgrounds and schoolyards, on lonely baskets put up in backyards of rural homes and on the driveway basketball courts of countless suburban homes.【答案】美国人对篮球的兴趣在春季三大锦标

43、赛期间达到顶峰。这包括三月底或四月初举行的大学男篮锦标赛和大学女篮锦标赛，以及在六月份进入决赛高潮的职业篮球赛。上面说的只是有组织的正式比赛。在市内的运动场和学校的操场上，在农舍后院的简易篮球筐下，或是在无数市郊住宅的自家车道上划出的篮球场上,一代代的美国青少年在学习打篮球。8. 单选题The serious looking men indulged themselves in a conversation as if they were（ ）of the noisy crowds surrounding them.问题1选项A.negligibleB.discernedC.ignorantD

44、.oblivious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligible“微不足道的”；B选项discerned“察觉，辨别”；C选项ignorant“无知的”；D选项oblivious“健忘的”。句意：这些外表严肃的人沉浸在会话当中，似乎对周围嘈杂的人群一无所知。选项C符合句意。9. 写作题Directions: Write a composition on the topic The Social Function of Health. You should write at least 250 words and you should base your composition

45、on the outline below:1.健康在个人行使社会功能中的作用。2.健康对于整个社会的作用。3.健康不仅是医学问题，更是社会问题。【答案】略10. 单选题I would do anything for her except（ ）what she cooks.问题1选项A.to eatB.eatC.eatingD.eaten【答案】B【解析】考查动词的形式。句意：我可以为她做任何事，就是不要吃她做的饭。Except在这里表示并列关系，前面是would do，后面同样也是用动词原形，所以选项B正确。11. 单选题When my wife, Meg, suffered a severe

46、 stroke that immobilized her left side, I knew we would be facing a grueling odyssey involving several hospitals, dozens of doctors and countless therapy sessions. What I wasnt prepared for was the American Way of Managed Health Care, a system that is bureaucratic and often dysfunctional. Yes, medic

47、al practitioners in the United States are generally considered among the best in the world, and my wife primarily had first-rate care, but their back-office practice a business dominated by third-party payers is badly run at worst and woefully confusing at best.Megs stroke occurred while we were vac

48、ationing in the south of France last summer. After being stabilized in the emergency room of a small hospital, she was transferred immediately to a large teaching hospital, where she received excellent treatment in a world-renowned stroke pavilion. When I received the bill for her 21/2-week stay at

49、the Pasteur Hospital in Nice, I asked the deputy administrator for an itemized statement. I knew Id need to show it to our health-insurance company the one-page invoice for more than 20,000 euro wouldnt do. The administrator was puzzled. There were only two daily rates, he explained, one for soins i

50、ntensifs or intensive care and another for non-acute care. There were no extra charges; the numerous ambulance transfers, MRI brain scans, X-rays and assorted tests associated with any serious injury or illness were all-inclusive. In fact, the only supplement was 10.67 Euros about $13 a day for food

51、 which, although not three-star bistro quality, was certainly a bargain, and better than anything you can eat in a U.S. hospital.Im not arguing that the French health-care system should be a world benchmark, but compared with what we faced when we returned home; it was a model of simplicity and effi

52、ciency. Of course, everything in American medical care is a la carte, and the invoices are so dense with codes and abbreviations, its a wonder anyone can decipher them. I often wonder, how much does this cost the American public annually?At one New York hospital, we received bills from doctors wed n

53、ever heard of, including one who charged for an office visit when Meg couldnt even get out of bed. The managed care providers computer sent him a check without question. Had he not billed us for the co-payment I never would have noticed the error. Over the past few months, I spent hours clearing up

54、these kinds of mistakes. A doctor friend who heads a department in a large hospital admitted that these kinds of complaints are all too common.Megs medical tab has reached nearly $300,000, which seems monumental, even given the nature of her catastrophic injury. Thankfully, we were covered for most

55、of it. Yet $90,000 of that figure had little or nothing to do with patient care. Roughly 30 cents of each health-care dollar goes to administration, or the processing of paperwork. If that figure could be reduced by a third, even $30,000 would go a long way toward extending her rehab treatments. (Me

56、gs 2004 benefits have run out.)When Meg was finally discharged after spending 56 days in hospitals, we received co-payment bills for her medical equipment, including an itemized statement for every extra on her wheelchair (no, the brake extensions, foot pedals, armrest, anti-tip bars, seat and seat

57、belt are not included). But the provider billed us two ways, one for leasing the chair and another for purchase. Even now, after numerous phone calls, I still dont know whether we own or are renting the wheelchair.The outpatient rehab therapy sessions presented their own set of challenges. The hospi

58、tal sent a number of bills printed in alphanumeric codes for additional thousands of dollars even though we made the proper co-payments at the time of treatment. Billing administrators barely raised an eyebrow when I told them I had spent too much time on hold and would no longer bother calling to d

59、ispute the charges. (We have since received automated early-morning phone calls asking us to contact the hospital.)Ive checked with others who have had protracted negotiations with health-care providers and insurers over complex medical treatment. They echo my frustration. Why is it incumbent on the

60、 recipient to spend countless hours rectifying the medical administrations mistakes? How much extra does this process add to the nations annual health-care bill?Medicare our government-subsidized system that cares for the elderly has a much better record in administrative costs. It spends between th

61、ree and four cents of every dollar on paperwork and processing. A single-payer system is easier and cheaper to run. Weve had a two-tier health-care system in the United States for a while, and only one tier works. Isnt it time for managed care to slim down and help its patients get better instead of

62、 burdening them with needlessly expensive paperwork?1.“Odyssey” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to（ ）.2.Which of the following concerning the French medical system is NOT true according to the author?3.Which of the following concerning American health-care system is NOT true?4.What is t

63、he authors attitude towards American health-care system?5.The main purpose of the passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.struggleB.treatmentC.long journeyD.time问题2选项A.The hospital provides good and cheap food.B.The hospital provides excellent treatment to patients.C.The management system is simple and efficient.D.The one page invoice is not as clear as itemized statement.问题3选项A.It is complex.B.It often does not work.C.Treatment bills are not without work.D.One third of the authors money went to administration.问题4选项A.AngryB.indifferentC.HopefulD.Appreciative问题5选项A.complain about America