2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及模拟押密卷47（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured（ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in regard toB.in line withC.in terms ofD.by means of【答案】C【解析】考查短语。in regard to “关于”； in line with “符合，与一致”；in terms of “依据，按照”；

2、by means of “用，依靠”。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面的内容是做方式状语，因此从C与D选项中选，根据两个词组的意思，可知选项C符合题意。2. 翻译题Translate the following part into English.纵观国际国内大势，我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。我们要准确判断重要战略机遇期内涵和条件的变化，全面把握机遇，沉着应对挑战，赢得主动，赢得优势，赢得未来，确保到2020年实现全面建设成小康社会的宏伟目标。【答案】An examination of both the current international and domestic envi

3、ronments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved. We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to chal

4、lenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.3. 单选题Sapphira and the Slave Girl was the last novel of Willa Cathers distinguished literary career. Begun in the last summer of 1937

5、 and finally completed in 1941, it is often regarded by critics as one of her most personal works. Although the story takes place in 1856, well before her own birth, she drew heavily on both vivid childhood memories and tales handed down by older relatives to describe life in rural northern Virginia

6、 in the middle of the 19th century. She even went on an extended journey to the area to give the story a further ring of authenticity.Of all of Cathers many novels, Sapphira and the Slave Girl is the one most concerned with providing an overall picture of day to day life in a specific era. A number

7、of the novels characters, it would seem, are included in the story only because they are representative of the type of people to be found in 19th-century rural Virginia; indeed, a few of them play no part whatsoever in unfolding of the plot. For instance, we are introduced to a poor white women, Man

8、dy Ringer, who is portrayed as intelligent and content, despite the fact that she has no formal education and must toil constantly in the fields. And we meet Dr. Clevenger, a country doctor who, with his refined manners, evokes a strong image of the pre-Civil War South.The title, however, accurately

9、 suggests that the novel is mainly about slavery. Cathers attitude toward this institution may best be summed up as somewhat ambiguous. On the one hand, she displays almost total indifference to the legal and political aspects of slavery when she misidentifies certain crucial dates in its growth and

10、 development. Nor does she ever really offer a direct condemnation of slavery. Yet on the other hand, the evil of slavery gets through to us.Although in typically subtle ways, those characters, like Mrs. Blake, who oppose institution are portrayed in a sympathetic light. Furthermore, the suffering o

11、f the slaves themselves and the petty, nasty, often cruel behavior of the slave owners are painted in harsh terms.Although Sapphira and the Slave Girl was certainly not meant to be a political tract, the novel is sometimes considered to be a denunciation of bygone days. Nothing could be further from

12、 the truth. In spite of her willingness to acknowledge that particular aspects of the past were far from ideal, Willa Cather was, if anything, a bit of a romantic. Especially in the final years of her life, an increasing note of anger about the emptiness of the present crept into her writing. Earlie

13、r generations, she concluded, had been the real heroes, the real creator of all that was good in American.1. In the discussion of Willa Cathers Sapphira and the Slave Girl, the author refers to the bookprimarily as a（ ）.2. In paragraph 2, Mandy Ringer and Dr. Clevenger are mentioned in order to emph

14、asize which pointabout Sapphira and the Slave Girl?3. According to the author, why is Willa Cathers attitude toward slavery “somewhat ambiguous”(paragraphs)?4. In context, “a bit of a romantic” (paragraph 4) suggests that Willa Cather（ ）.问题1选项A.heroic tale of the Civil WarB.sweeping epic of the old

15、SouthC.political treatise on slavery.D.story based on personal material问题2选项A.One of Cathers purposes in writing the novel was to paint a full portrait of life in rural Virginia in the years before the Civil War.B.The novel display Cathers mixed feeling about slaveryC.Cather took four years to compl

16、ete the novel because she carefully researched her characters.D.A number of the characters in the novel are based on people Cather knew in her childhood.问题3选项A.She was ignorant of the legal and political aspects of slavery even though she was a keen observer of history.B.She was an enemy of slavery

17、but refrained from getting involved in political issues.C.She sympathized equally with both slaves and slave owners.D.She did not denounce slavery direct but criticized it in more roundabout ways.问题4选项A.favored the past over the present.B.condemned the evils of slaveryC.dislike writing about life in

18、 the 1930thD.denounced certain aspects of 19th-century life.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在讨论Willa的莎菲拉与女奴这本书时，作者将这本书看成是”。文章第一段第三句话提到这本书描述了“19世纪中期美国弗吉尼亚州北部的乡村生活”（life in rural northern Virginia in the middle of the 19th century），由此可知选项B“对过去美国南方的描述”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段中提到Mandy Ringer 和Cl

19、eveenger是为了说明这部小说哪个特点？”文章第二段第一句提到“专注于描绘特定时代人们日常生活的整体画面”（concerned with providing an overall picture of day to day life in a specific era），第二句话提到“小说中许多人物似乎只是因为他们代表了19世纪弗吉尼亚农村的典型人物，才出现在故事中”（A number of the novels characters, it would seem, are included in the story only because they are representative

20、 of the type of people to be found in 19th-century rural Virginia），可知后面提到的人物就是为了论证这一句话，因此选项A“写这本小说的目的之一就是要全面描绘内战前弗吉尼亚农村的生活”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者描述，为什么她对奴隶制度的态度是有些模糊的？”文章第三段最后两句提到“她从未直接谴责过奴隶制。然后，另一方面，让我们知道了奴隶制的罪恶”(Nor does she ever really offer a direct condemnation of slavery. Yet, on the other ha

21、nd, the evil of slavery gets through to us)，选项D“她没有直接谴责奴隶制，而是以更迂回的方式进行了批判”符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“第四段中的a bit of a romantic暗示着Willa”。文章第四段最后两句提到“在她生命的最后几年，一种对当下空虚的愤怒之情悄悄暗含在她的作品。她总结道，前几代人是真正的英雄，是美国所有美好事物的真正创造者”（Especially in the final years of her life, an increasing note of anger about the emptiness of th

22、e present crept into her writing. Earlier generations, she concluded, had been the real heroes, the real creator of all that was good in American），由此可知选项A“她喜欢过去胜于现在”符合题意。4. 单选题Mario was awarded the medal for displaying professional（ ）of the highest order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago.问题1选项A.s

23、upervisionB.intelligenceC.solutionD.competence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。supervision “监督”； intelligence “智力；才智”solution “解决办法”； competence “能力，胜任”。根据关键词professional “专业的”及rescue attempts “救援努力”可推断此处讲的是“专业能力”，因此选项D符合题意。5. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following part into English. Write your translation on the

24、ANSWER SHEET.我们将高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。我们将加强与各主要大国协调合作，建设良性互动、合作共赢的大国关系。中国愿与国际社会一道，为人类和平与发展事业不懈努力！【答案】We will hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit and safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests. We will strengthen coordination an

25、d cooperation with major powers to build a major power relationship featuring benign interaction and win-win cooperation. China is ready to work tirelessly with the international community for the cause of peace and development of mankind!6. 单选题The governments policies in the past five years have sh

26、own a(n)（ ）in emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants livelihood.问题1选项A.behaviorB.agonyC.coherenceD.exaltation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。behavior “行为；举止”； agony “苦恼”； coherence “一致；连贯性”；exaltation “欣喜；提拔”。根据时间状语in the past five years (在过去五年)可知政府对提高农民生活水平的持续关注，因此选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Exercise can affect o

27、ur outlook on life, and it can also help us get rid of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise（ ）.问题1选项A.constantlyB.normallyC.usuallyD.regularly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。constantly “不断地，时常地”； normally “正常地，通常地”； usually “通常，经常”；regularly “定期地”。根据空格前列举的锻炼带来的各种好处及常识可知空格处应该填入一个表示“经常”意义的词，

28、regularly 与 usually都有此意，但后者一般位于be动词和助动词后面，行为动词前，所以选项D符合题意。8. 写作题Directions: It is not strange in recent years to hear that some students may kill themselves at University. What is your opinion on those students who commit suicide or kill themselves? Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of no less

29、 than 200 words on the topic given below. Marks will be mainly awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to meet the required number of words may also result in the loss of marks.My View on Campus Suicide at UniversityYou are to write in three parts:In the first part of you

30、r article, you should clearly present your view.In the second part, you should support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.【答案】My View on Campus Suicide at University9. 单选题It is said that the custom of shak

31、ing hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no（ ）weapons and were thus amicably disposed.问题1选项A.lethalB.murderousC.concealedD.secret【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。lethal “致命的”； murderous “杀人的；残忍的”；concealed “隐蔽的”； secret “秘密的”。由held out empty hands “伸出空手”可知是没有“隐藏的武器”，选

32、项C符合题意。10. 单选题When Robert Shiller, a Yale economist and bestselling author, told a crowd of finance professors and economics students last spring that only 10 percent of his money was invested in stocks, they gasped.Managers might suggest anywhere from 50 to 90 percent. But 10 percent? This was here

33、sy.How about 0 percent?Thats the share that investors should plow into domestic stocks, according to Ben Inker, director of asset allocation for Grantham, Mayo, and Van Otterloo &, Co. (GMO), a money-management firm with some $85 billion in assets.Welcome to a contrarian view of todays equity market

34、s. A small but vocal band of heretics is calling into question not only the profit potential of stocks but also the foundation for conventional wisdom about investing. Even for those who disagree with them, their arguments serve as a reality check for the market.Are conventional portfolios really as

35、 safe as experts say?“Dont be surprised that the Wall Street brokerage firms spend most of their time telling you that stocks are cheap,” warns Mr. Inker. “Wall Street likes the market. It likes trading. Wall Street makes a lot more money off of trading stocks than trading bonds.”The trick is to det

36、ermine your portfolios exposure to risk, analysts say. And that depends to a surprisingly large degree -on how diversified it is and how long youre prepared to stay the course. These are key elements of “modem portfolio theory,” which came into being in the 1950s and eventually won its creator, Harr

37、y Markowitz, a Nobel PrizeEssentially, portfolio theory holds that investors reap the greatest return with the least risk when they allocate their money among diverse classes of assets, hold them for the long term, and rebalance the portfolio when the various classes of assets stray too far from the

38、ir original allocation.To make it work, you need to own asset classes that dont move in lock step, make accurate estimates of their future returns, and use a very long time horizon. A miscalculation in even one of these steps, however, can seriously hurl the prospects for reaching your ultimate goal

39、.“The long-term nature is the driving force of the portfolio,” says Jerry Korabilk, vice president of Ibbotson Associates, a Chicago-based asset allocation adviser. “All of our clients are institutions, and we develop portfolios with 10-, 20-, even 30-year time horizons.”Riding the roller coasterThu

40、s, investors should never try to get in and out of the market at specific times, the theory holds. Instead, they should ride the inevitable ebb and flow of prices. If they have allocated their money correctly, some portion of their portfolio will almost always be making money. By rebalancing their p

41、ortfolios periodically selling off some of the winning asset classes and buying more of the losers they are continually buying low and selling high, at least in a relative sense.This buy-and-hold strategy has won over hordes of investors. The average Fidelity retirement account has nearly 60 percent

42、 of its money in stocks, a recent study found. The overall average for retirement accounts: 61 percent, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute. Even equity allocations for college and university endowments hover around 57.1 percent, says the National Association of College and Universi

43、ty Business Officers.The problem is that investors sometimes have to be extraordinarily patient for the strategy to pay off. In 1981, for example, the S&P 500 index stood at the same level it first achieved in 1965. Today the index is about 30 percent lower than its peak in 2000. Do investors really

44、 have to put up with such long periods of losses?Profits of impatienceNo, say a small contingent of money managers. By avoiding the stock market as their primary engine for profit during the past five years, several of these managers have posted good returns.Take the Permanent Portfolio Fund. Unlike

45、 many balanced funds, which diversify primarily between stocks and bonds. It encompasses a much wider variety of assets: 20 percent gold bullion and coins, 5 percent silver bullion and coins, 10 percent Swiss franc denominated assets (typically Swiss government bonds), 15 percent US and foreign real

46、 estate and natural-resource company stocks, 15 percent aggressive-growth stocks, and 35 percent in dollar assets (Treasury securities in varying maturities and also short-term, high-grade bonds).Over the past five years, while the S&P 500 has slipped backward, the Permanent Portfolio Fund has avera

47、ged a startling 10.1 percent growth per year.“We dont correlate to any index because we own different assets,” says the funds manager, Michael Guggino. “In markets where stocks and equities are going sideways or down, we perform very well because our diversification is much broader. If equities go g

48、angbusters like in the 90s, clearly we are going to underperform because we wont be totally in stocks.”Indeed, the fund lagged significantly during the boom years of the 1990s, causing average annual returns for the decade to trail the S&P 500 by four percentage points.1. According to “modem portfol

49、io theory,” we should（ ）.2. In the last paragraph, “The fund lagged significantly during the boom years of 1990s, causing average annual returns for the decade to trail the S&P 500 by four percentage points.” We see from this sentence that（ ） .3. What attitude does the author have towards convention

50、al portfolios?4. In the last 2nd paragraph, “If equities go gangbusters like in the 1990s, clearly we are going to under-perform because we wont be totally in stocks.” We know from this sentence all of the following except that（ ）.问题1选项A.buy one singly kind of stocksB.never sell our stocksC.sell sto

51、cks whose prices go relatively too high in our portfolioD.buy stocks whose prices fluctuates at the same pace问题2选项A.the funds profits were not good enoughB.the funds performance during the 1990s is very poorC.the fund lost money during the 1990sD.the fund did exceedingly well during the 1990s问题3选项A.

52、SkepticalB.ScathingC.DetachedD.Boastful问题4选项A.the 1990s saw a booming stock marketB.“we” under performed during the 1990sC.“we” will change our course of actionD.“we” are not totally in stocks【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据现代资产组合理论，我们应该”。文章第八段提到“这在很大程度上取决于资产的分散性和你打算持有多久。这些是现在资产组合理论的关键部分

53、”（And that depends to a surprisingly large degree on how diversified it is and how long youre prepared to stay the course. These are key elements of “modern portfolio theory”），可知强调的是多样性，而不是“单个”，因此选项A可以排除；文章第十段提到“为了让它（投资组合）起作用，你需要拥有不同类型且不同步变化的资产，并且你还需要对资产进行预估”（To make it work, you need to own asset c

54、lasses that dont move in lock step, make accurate estimates of their future returns, and use a very long time horizon），因此选项D中的at the same pace错误，可以排除；文章第九段rebalance the portfolio,第十二段提到“平衡投资组合包括出售一些盈利的资产，买入更多亏损的资产类别”（By rebalancing their portfolios periodically -selling off some of the winning asset

55、 classes and buying more of the losers），因此选项B错误。综上，选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们从最后一段的这句话中了解到了什么？”文章最后一句提到“实际上，在上世纪90年代的繁荣时期，该基金表现明显滞后，导致这十年的平均年回报率落后于标准普尔500指数4个百分点”（Indeed, the fund lagged significantly during the boom years of the 1990s, causing average annual returns for the decade to trail the S&P 50

56、0 by four percentage points），由此可以推断在90年代股市暴涨在基金中不明显，因此选项A符合题意。3.观点态度题。题目问的是“对于传统资产组合，作者是何种态度？”文章第六段提问道“传统的资产组合真的像专家们所说的那样安全吗？”下文对此进行解答，因此选项C“客观的”符合题意。skeptical “怀疑的”；scathing “严厉的”；boastful “自夸的，自负的”。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们从倒数第二段的这句话中了解到以下信息，除了”该句出现在倒数第二段最后一句话，意思是“如果股票像90年代那样行情火爆，那么很明显，我们的运作将会差于一般市场价格，因为我们

57、不会完全投资于股市”，“90年代股票市场繁荣”“我们在90年代运作不佳” “我们没有完全投资于股市”均在句子中体现了，只有C选项没有体现，因此该选项符合题意。11. 单选题Theres a buzz in the air at the El Diablo Coffee Co. in Seattle, and its not just coming from the aroma of the shops Cuban-style coffee drinks. On a recent Wednesday evening, as most customers sat quietly reading b

58、ooks or tapping away on their laptop computers, about 15 people gathered in a circle discussing philosophy. “What is a well-lived life?” asked one, as the group enjoyed an intellectual high.Known as a Socrates Cafe, the group at El Diablo is just one of 150 or so that meet in coffee shops, bookstore

59、s, libraries, churches and community centers across the country. Founded by Christopher Phillips, a former journalist and teacher, the cafes are designed to get people talking about philosophical issues. Using a kind of Socratic method, they encourage people to develop their views by posing question

60、s, being open to challenges and considering alternative answers. Adhering to Socrates belief that the unexamined life is not worth living, the cafes focus on exchanging ideas, not using them to pummel other participants.“Instead of just yelling back and forth, we take a few steps back and examine pe

61、oples underlying values. People can ask why to their hearts content says Philips, whose most recent book Six Questions of Socrates, came out earlier this year.While a modern-day discussion group based on the teachings of a thinker from the 5th century B.C. may seem weirdly outdated, Socrates Cafes h

62、ave found a surprisingly large and diverse following. “People who get off on ideas come to this,” says Fred Korn, 65, a retired philosophy professor, who attends the Wednesday-night meetings at El Diablo. “Outside of college, therere not a lot of opportunities to get together with people who want to

63、 talk about ideas.”For Philips, the dialogue groups are about much more than good conversation. “Its grass-roots democracy.” he says. “Its only in a group setting that people can hash out their ideas about how we should act not just as an individual but as a society.” To avoid divisive dead-end argu

64、ments, the cafes frequently turn current events into broader philosophical questions. For example, instead of arguing about whether gay couples should marry, a group asked, “what is an excellent marriage?”While Phillips believes the cafes can benefit anyone, one of his favorite groups is children. Philosophy is important for kids of all ages, Philip says, because “it gives them this grea