2022年考博英语-东华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第183期

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1、2022年考博英语-东华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.（1） in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was （2） on both sides with many（3） busi

2、nesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.（4） , some shops offered（5） . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoerepair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.（6） in the 1950s, a change began to（7） . Too many au

3、tomobiles had crowded into Main Street（8） too few parking places were（9） shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces（10） the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got（11） the first shop

4、ping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,（12） as a collection of small new stores（13） crowded city centers. （14） by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from（15） areas to outlying malls. And the growing（16） of shopping centers led（17） to the building of bigger an

5、d better-stocked stores.（18） the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the（19） of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, （20） benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.问题1选项A.As early asB.EarlyC.Early

6、 asD.Earlier问题2选项A.builtB.designedC.intendedD.lined问题3选项A.variedB.variousC.sortedD.mixed up问题4选项A.Apart fromB.HoweverC.In additionD.As well问题5选项A.medical careB.foodC.cosmeticsD.services问题6选项A.SuddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.But问题7选项A.be taking placeB.take placeC.be taken placeD.have taken place问题8选项

7、A.whileB.yetC.thoughD.and then问题9选项A.available forB.available toC.used byD.ready for问题10选项A.overB.fromC.out ofD.outside问题11选项A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.then问题12选项A.startedB.foundedC.set upD.organized问题13选项A.out ofB.away fromC.next toD.near问题14选项A.AttractedB.SurprisedC.DelightedD.Enjoyed65.问题15选项A.innerB.

8、centralC.shoppingD.downtown66.问题16选项A.distinctionB.fameC.popularityD.liking67.问题17选项A.onB.in turnC.by turnsD.further68.问题18选项A.ByB.DuringC.InD.Towards69.问题19选项A.cheapnessB.readinessC.convenienceD.handiness70.问题20选项A.because ofB.andC.withD.provided【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题

9、:D第11题:A第12题:A第13题:B第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查单词用法。A项as early as“同一样早”；B项early可为形容词也可为副词，做副词时意为“早期”；C选项没有early as 这种搭配；D选项earlier“较早”，为early的比较级。由空格后“in the 1900s”可知是指20世纪初期、早期，所以B选项符合题意。句意：在20世纪初，大多数美国城镇都有一条主要街道。2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项built“建造，建立”；B项designed“设计；计划”；C项inten

10、ded“故意的，有意的”；D项lined“排队、填满”。由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道两边排列的大大小小的商店，所以D选项符合题意。句意：街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店。3. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项varied“各式各样的”；B项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C项sorted“（非正式）组织好的”；D项mixed up“混淆不清的，困惑的”。varied和various都可以指同一范畴的不同种类，在表示“各种各样，各不相同的”意思时，一般可以换用，只是前者侧重于“不同”的含义，后者则侧重于种类数目的“多”。由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道两边排

11、列的各种不同种类的商店，侧重于种类数目的多，所以B选项符合题意。句意：街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店。4. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项Apart from“远离，除之外”，后必须接名词或动名词；B项However“无论如何；不管怎样”；C项In addition“除此之外”可单独使用；D项As well“也；同样地”，一般用于句末。由空格前后可知是指商店除了销售商品，还提供服务，所以C选项符合题意。句意：除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务。5. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项medical care“医疗护理”；B项food“食物”；C项cosmetic“

12、化妆品”；D项service“服务”。由空格前“some shops”可知商店是提供服务的地方，所以D选项符合题意。句意：除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务。6. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项Suddenly“突然”；B项Abruptly“突然地；唐突地”；C项Contrarily“相反地；反之”；D项But“但是”。由空格后“a change”可知这里表示转折且需填入一个连词，所以D选项符合题意。句意：但是在五十年代，情况发生了变化。7. 【试题解析】考查语法知识。take place只有主动语态，故可排除C，而begin to后应接动词不定式，只有take

13、place“发生”可用，所以B选项符合题意。句意：但是在五十年代，情况发生了变化。8. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项while是连词，“而，却”，表比较；B项yet“然而”，表转折；C项though“尽管，虽然”，表让步；D项and then“然后”。根据空格前后“Too many automobiles”和“too few parking places”可知，太多的车与很少的停车场是一个对比关系，所以A选项符合题意。句意：参考59题。9. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项available for“可用于的；对有效的”；B项available to“可以用来，现有的”；C项use by“

14、在以前使用”；D项ready for“对有适合准备”。根据空格后“shoppers”再加上be available to sb.为固定搭配，意为“对某人来说可用的，可得到的”，所以B选项符合题意。句意：主干道上挤满了太多的汽车，而可供购物者停车的地方却太少。10. 【试题解析】考查方位词辨析。A项over“在上面”；B项from“从起；从开始”；C项out of“的外面”；D项outside“外面”，多指超过某一个界限、范围等。根据空格后“the city limits”可知这里是指城市界限之外的地方，所以D选项符合题意。句意：由于道路拥挤，商人们开始对城市界限以外的开阔地感兴趣。11. 【试

15、题解析】考查语法知识。由空格后“the first shopping center was built”可知这里是一个时间状语从句，所以只能用when，所以A选项符合题意。B项while“在期间”，表示一段时间；C项since“自从”，主句一般用现在完成时；D选项then“之后”，在此语义不符。句意：当第一个购物中心建成时，他们得到了开放的空间。12. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项started“开始”；B项founded“建立（found的过去分词）；创立”；C项set up“建立”；D项organized“组织”。由空格后“as a collection of small new sto

16、res”（作为一些小商店的集合）可知这里是指大的商场都是由小的商店开始的，所以A选项符合题意。句意：购物中心是从聚集一些小的店铺开始的。13. 【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A项out of“在之外”；B项away from表示距离，“远离”；C项next to“靠近，下一个”；D项near“近的”。由空格后“crowded city centers”（拥挤的市中心）可知这里是指远离，所以B选项符合题意。句意：购物中心，或者更确切地说是商场，最初是在拥挤的城市中心之外的一些小的新商店的集合。14. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项Attracted“吸引”；B项surprise“使惊奇”；C项de

17、light“使喜悦”；D项enjoy“欣赏，喜爱”。由空格后“by hundreds of free parking space”（数以百计的免费停车位），再联系前文提到街道拥挤，所以免费停车位会吸引无数的人，所以A项符合语义。句意：被数百个免费停车位所吸引。15. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项inner指“内部的；内心的”；B项central“中心的；主要的”；C项shopping“购物，买东西”；D项downtown“市中心的”。由前后语义可知顾客被免费停车位从市中心吸引到城市外的商业中心，所以D项符合语义。句意：在数百个免费停车位的吸引下，顾客们纷纷从市中心涌向郊外的购物中心。16.

18、 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项distinction“声望”；B项fame“卓越，好名声”；C项popularity“普及，流行；名气”，指名气很大，知名度很高；D项liking“喜爱，喜好”。由空格后“shopping centers”可知是指购物中心的名气，所以C项符合语义。句意：这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成。17. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项on“在之上”；B项in turn“依次”，引申为“反过来”；C项by turns“轮流；交替”；D项further“进一步地；而且”。由66题可知，名气增大反过来促进了建成更好的商店，所以B项符合语义。

19、句意：这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成。18. 【试题解析】考查语法知识。由空格后“the late 1970s”可知，只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用，意为“到为止”，其他三个选项均被排除，所以A项符合语义。句意：到20世纪70年代末，许多购物中心几乎发展成了小城市。19. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析与上下文语义。A项cheapness“廉价”；B项readiness“敏捷，迅速”；C项convenience“便利”；D项handiness“轻便；灵巧”。由空格前“providing”可知，convenience与providing组成短语“提供方便，便利”

20、，符合上下文义，所以C项符合语义。句意：除了提供一站式购物的便利外。20. 【试题解析】考查介词、连词辨析。A项because of“由于”；B项and“和”；C项with“和在一起，带有”；D项provided“假如，倘若”。由空格前后“landscaped parks, benches”可知，这里是指公园带有何种基础设施，所以with在这里是带有的意思，因此C项符合语义。句意：商业街被变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的公园。2. 单选题I _ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new c

21、olumn.问题1选项A.expressB.confessC.verifyD.acknowledge【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项express“表达”；B项confess“承认、坦白”；C项verify“核实、查证”；D项acknowledge“承认、答谢、报偿”；句意：我感谢同事们在准备这个新专栏时给予我的帮助。acknowledge with thanks the help of“答谢的帮助”；因此该题D项正确。3. 单选题After working with Ellen for many years, we knew each other very well and establ

22、ished a good_.问题1选项A.rapportB.rapineC.prospectD.rapture【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“rapport”，意为“亲善；融洽；和睦关系”；B选项“rapine”，意为“掠夺；劫掠”；C选项“prospect”，意为“前途；预期；景色”；D选项“rapture”，意为“狂喜；欢天喜地；兴高采烈”。句意：和艾伦一起工作多年后，我们彼此非常了解，并建立了_良好的关系_。本句表示“因为和艾伦一起工作多年，彼此也十分了解，两人之间建立了亲密、和谐的良好关系”。因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题Taking advantage of his pop

23、ularity in the opinion polls, the Prime Minister has decided to call a_ election for next month.问题1选项A.convincingB.magneticC.snapD.clean-cut【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“convincing”，意为“令人信服的；有说服力的”；B选项“magnetic”，意为“地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的”；C选项“snap”，意为“突然的”，snap election是个短语，意为“提前选举；临时选举”；D选项“clean-cut”，意为“（尤指男人）外表整洁

24、的，优雅高尚的；轮廓分明的”。句意：首相利用他在民意调查中的声望，决定在下个月_提前_举行选举。本句表示“首相想趁着自己在民意调查中富有声望，于是提前进行选举，来获取优势地位”。因此C选项符合题意。5. 填空题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word or delete a word. Mark out the mista

25、kes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash(/) in the blank.【答案】1.【试题答案】simple改为simply2. 【试题答案】on改为in3. 【试题答案】frozen改为freezing4.【试题答案】去掉being5.【试题答案】去掉

26、and6.【试题答案】去掉the7.【试题答案】去掉why8.【试题答案】whether改为that9.【试题答案】raising改为rising10.【试题答案】for改为by【解析】1.【试题解析】：此题考查词性区分。你可能不知道雾仅仅是一种可以触碰到地面的云，这里需要用副词simply来修饰，simple是形容词放在这里句意不通。2.【试题解析】：此题考查固定搭配。in rare cases在罕见的情况下，属于固定词组搭配。3.【试题解析】：此题考查动词。below是介词，后面应加动词的-ing形式，空气的温度在冰点以下。4.【试题解析】：此题考查动词。are being+形容词表示一时

27、的表现，be+形容词表示一直这样，在此处指的是一个既定事实，因此去掉being。5.【试题解析】：此题考查固定词组。the morethe+动词的比较级，表示越多什么越怎么样，中间不需要加连接词。6.【试题解析】：此题考查冠词用法。air与前面的water形式应当一样，the是定冠词表示特指，此处是泛指空气。7.【试题解析】：此题考查句意理解。前面已经有了puzzle for，表示疑问，再用why来询问的话太过赘述。8.【试题解析】：此题考查whether和that引导主语从句的用法。它可以证明液滴在98摄氏度时会下落，因此是一个既定事实，不能用whether是否来引导。9.【试题解析】：此题

28、考查raising和rising的区别。，.通常形容自然界的物体：如潮涨,，日出以及这里的气流上升，都是用rise而不能raise。此外,，在这里rising是分词作形容词使用,，rise后不能加物体,，只有sth rise而不能用rise sth。. raise是及物动词,， raise sth.，如raise ones hand。10.【试题解析】：此题考查固定搭配。replace by sth 用什么替换，以什么接替，replace一般与介词by或者with搭配。6. 翻译题人类是一个不断自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的进程自45亿年前地球形成以来就一直未曾间

29、断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致，因为人类已经获得了创新思维的能力。我认为这标志着进化进入了一个非常重要的阶段，使一个物种首次有能力掌握了自身命运。Directions: In this part you are required to translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write it on the Answer Sheet.【答案】Human beings are t

30、he product of a continuous process of natural evolution, including numerous genetic transformations: an inexorable process that has been going on uninterrupted since the earth formed 4.5 billion years ago. This evolutionary process, influenced by environmental factors, through random mutation, forme

31、d a more adaptable system, thus ensuring its continuity. In the animal world, this has led to the evolution of higher species, culminating in humans, who have acquired the ability to think creatively, think this marks a very important stage in evolution, the first time a species has been able to con

32、trol its own destiny.7. 单选题The measures are little more than_ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look at them.问题1选项A.blind faithB.window dressingC.good impressionD.winning image【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“blind faith”，意为“盲目的信念”；B选项“window dressing”，意为“装点门面”；C选项“good impression”，意为“好的印象”；D选项“winn

33、ing image”意为“赢者的形象”，句意：这些措施不过是装点门面，一旦投资者仔细观察，它们很快就会消失。因此，B选项符合句意。8. 单选题The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was

34、 largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticate

35、d and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the gl

36、obal PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. L

37、ess than 5 percent of Burson-Marshalls U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on internationa

38、l affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and the Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted T

39、urner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.41. According to the

40、passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of_.42. London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because_.43. The word “provincial” (Line 2, Para.3) most probably means “_”.44. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry_.45. Wh

41、at lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?问题1选项A.an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesB.shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesC.the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.D.increased efforts of other cou

42、ntries in public relations问题2选项A.British companies are more ambitious than U.S. companiesB.British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companiesC.British companies are heavily involved in Planning activitiesD.Four of the worlds top public relations agencies are British-owned问题3选项A.limite

43、d in outlookB.like people from the provincesC.rigid in thinkingD.interested in world financial affairs问题4选项A.speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB.are ignorant about world geographyC.are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsD.enjoy reading a great variety of English business pu

44、blications问题5选项A.American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.B.The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies.C.People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.D.People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:

45、A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是美国在公共关系业中的领袖地位受到威胁的原因是什么，根据关键词leadership定位到文章首句“The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.”可得知，选项A、C以及D所提及的三点都是公

46、共关系业迅速发展的原因，与题干原意相反。选项B,，根据第二段首句可得知选项B符合原意。2.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是不久伦敦就会代替纽约成为公共关系业的中心的原因是什么，根据关键词London,， replace可定位到文章第二段的最后一第四句，“The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corpo

47、rate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies.” 这句话的意思是英国的公司比美国的公司更强调公共关系的重要性， 由此可见选项A为正确答案。3.【试题解析】：语义推测题。根据题干所选单词定位到原文第三段，“Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. ”这个国家的世界地理知识从来就不强可得知他们对于世界地理的了解限制了，比较狭隘。由此，答案A为正确选项。4.【试题解析】：事实细节题

48、。根据原文定位到第三段的 “Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country.”可得知，为选项B的同义替换。选项A与原文的第二点相反。选项C和选项D原文中没有涉及。因此，选项B为正确答案。5.【试题解析】：判断推理题。根据原文定位到最后一段的前两句“Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that

49、 the word “foreign would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts.”可得知要避免使用“foreign”这个单词。因此，答案为D。9. 单选题My husband ate a _breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.问题1选项A.primeB.convenientC.heartyD.heady【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“prime”，意为“最初的，首位的”；B选项“convenient”，意为“方便的，附近的”；C选项“hearty”，意为“衷心的，

50、强健的，营养丰富的，丰盛的”；D选项“heady”，意为“顽固的，任性的”。句意：我的丈夫在启程去偏远农舍之前，享用了一顿丰盛的早餐。因此，C选项符合题意。10. 单选题Due to an _by bank, there was less money in my account than there should have been.问题1选项A.intentB.oversightC.indecisionD.engagement【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“intent”，意为“意图，含义”；B选项“oversight”，意为“负责，疏忽”；C选项“indecision”，意为“犹豫

51、不决，优柔寡断”；D选项“engagement”，意为“约会，契约”。句意：由于银行的疏忽，我银行里的钱比应有的少了。因此，B选项符合题意。11. 单选题_ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项continuous“连续不断的”，指整个事发的过程都没有中断；B项continual“持续不断的”，指一再的、频繁的、反复发生的；C项constant“

52、不变的、恒定的”；D项contrary“相反的、对立的”；句意：城邦国家之间频繁的冲突导致希腊文明最终衰落。因此该题B项正确。12. 单选题The proposal he put forward two days ago has been supported by people on all sides of the political_.问题1选项A.spectrumB.ambitionC.expectationD.strength【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“spectrum”，意为范围，幅度，B选项“ambition”，意为“抱负，志向”，C选项“expectation”，意为

53、“期望，期待”，D选项“strength”，意为“力气，力量”。句意：他两天前提出的建议得到了政治力量各方面人士的支持。因此，D选项符合句意。13. 单选题A historic change is taking place in higher education. Professors are being held responsible as never before for how well they serve students. It has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade prof

54、essors as for professors to grade students. In fact student ratings (评价) have become the most widely used and in many cases the only important information on teaching effectiveness. In comparing three studies of the same 600 middle and high schools in more than thirty states it was found that the nu

55、mber of schools using student ratings to evaluate (评估) teachers had climbed from 29 percent to 68 percent to 86 percent. No other method of evaluation got that degree of usage and other studies have found similar results.One reason that student evaluations of teachers have become so popular is that

56、they are easy to carry out and to score. But they are also easy to abuse. If they are expected to throw meaningful light on teachers performance the ratings must be used in a way that shows at least some of what weve learnt about them from research and from experience.Research and experience have sh

57、own us, for example, that student ratings should never be the only basis for evaluating teaching effectiveness. There is much more to teaching than what is evaluated on student rating forms. When ratings are used, we know that students should not be expected to judge whether the materials used in a

58、course are up to date or how well the teacher knows the subject matter of the course.These judgments require professional background and are best left to the professors colleagues. On the other hand, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, and to report on such thing

59、s as a professors ability to communicate at the students level, professional behavior in the classroom, relationship with students, and ability to arouse interest in the subject.1. The central idea of the passage is that_.2. Which statement is TRUE?3. In student ratings are the following questions c

60、an be asked EXCEPT: _.4. The sentence in the thirdsecond paragraph “But they also are also easy to abuse” means_.问题1选项A.student ratings are the only source of information on teaching effectivenessB.ratings have become the most widely used source of information on teaching effectivenessC.beside stude

61、nt ratings, there are other methods to evaluate teachersD.student ratings are very popular and should be properly used问题2选项A.Student evaluations of teachers are popular because they are extremely accurate.B.In student ratings, students should not be asked questions that require professional background.C.Student ratings can be used under any circumstances.D.All colleges are inclined to use student ratings to evaluate teachers.问题3选项A.Can the teacher make himself easily understood?B.How does the teacher deal with students?C.Is what is taught new?D.Are students interested