2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷97（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The government has devoted a larger slice of its national（ ）to agriculture than most other countries.问题1选项A.resourcesB.potentialC.budgetD.economy【答案】C【解析】句意:相比大多数其它国家，这个政府将其较大部分的预算用于农业发展。考查名词辨析。resources 资源，财力，才智;potential 潜能，可能性，电势；budget预算，预算费；economy经济，节约。因此

2、C符合 。2. 单选题The reason that the city attracts lots of inhabitants lies in that its a city of（ ）.问题1选项A.intensityB.diversityC.adversityD.necessity【答案】B【解析】句意:这个城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一个多元化的城市。考查名词辨析。Intensity 强度,强烈;diversity 不同(点),多样性,多样化; adversity困境,逆境; necessity 必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。3. 单选题His argument does not

3、 suggest that mankind can（ ）to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.问题1选项A.resortB.grantC.affordD.entitle【答案】C【解析】句意:他的论据未标明，人类在这些资源的使用上能浪费得起。考查动词辨析。resort 常去，求助，诉诸，resort to 依靠，求助于；;grant 授予，允许，承认，grant to 同意给予，准予；afford 给予，提供，承担得起;afford to （有条件）做，承担得起，负担得起；entitle 给称号，使有权利。因此C符合句意。4.

4、 单选题The economic recession has meant that job（ ）is a rare thing.问题1选项A.securityB.safetyC.protection forD.secureness【答案】A【解析】句意:这场经济衰退己经意味着工作保障是罕见的事情。考查名词辨析。security 安全，保障；safety 安全，保险;protection 保护，防卫;secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。5. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical op

5、erations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,

6、 but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we

7、 all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric

8、 light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back o

9、f the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches （刀 口会逢合），no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling

10、relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but

11、more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.1.Up until the 1960s the instruments that used to perform surgical operations were（ ）.2. After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ）.3. The laser

12、 beam is so strong because（ ）.4. Surgeons can now carry out operations which（ ）.5. The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that（ ）.问题1选项A.fashionableB.extraordinaryC.specialD.basic问题2选项A.medical help became available for industrial workers.B.the study of art went through a complete revol

13、ution.C.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.D.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely问题3选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD.it sends out heat in many differen

14、t directions问题4选项A.can be performed successfully only on the human eyeB.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little damage to the patients themselves问题5选项A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.su

15、rgery is likely to improve considerablyC.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we

16、stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years (后来,人类开始使用锋利的骨头或动物的角,金属材质的刀,而最近却使用橡胶和塑料工具,多年来人类在外科器械方面驻足于此),由此可知D项“基础的”正确。2.判断推理题。A:医疗帮助变得可为产业工人所用,文章未提及。B:艺术的研究经历了彻底变革, 文章未提及。C: 来越多的外科医生开始使用外科器械, 由“The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a ver

17、y large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人类的整个外科手术方式彻底地发生了改变,第一段指出: In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry，but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art a

18、nd science of surgery (20世纪60年代，一 种新的工具（即激光）被开发，它首先对军队和工业有重耍的实践作用，不过后来也对外科手术的各个方面带来了革命化的影响),因此D符合原文所述。本题选D。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as

19、it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam (然而，一束激光中的光是被聚集了。这意味着在被聚集成一个针尖大小的光朿后，具有不及一个普通的电灯所产生的能量的光就会变得极强),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿构成”正确。4.细节事实题。A: 只 能在人眼上被成功地进行, 由第二段中 “The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工

20、具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B: 导致病人需耍长吋间的恢复,C:因使用激光束而被变得更复杂,D: 对病人本身带来非常小的伤害,第三段指出: Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried (曾经让病人筋疲力尽且

21、需要长时间恢复的手术，现在让病人感觉放松且舒适。因此更加困难的手术现在都能被尝试),由此可知B项与C项不符合原文所述,D正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段说到: Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective(或许，一些癌症将因激光以一种 让手术不仅更安全且更有效的方式而得到治疗),由此可知B项 “外科手术可能会大幅地改善”正确。6. 单选题We must（ ）that the procedure is followed as

22、rigidly as possible.问题1选项A.secureB.ensureC.assureD.issue【答案】B【解析】句意:我们必须确保这个程序尽可能被严格遵循。考查动词辨析。secure 保护，弄到；ensure 保证，确保，使安全； assure 保证，担保，使确信（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心）；issue 发布。因此B符合句意。7. 单选题The machine might work if we（ ）it very carefully.问题1选项A.obtainB.operateC.opposeD.object【答案】B【解析】句意:如果我们非常小心地操作这台机器,那么

23、它可能会运转。考查动词辨析。obtain (尤指经努力)获得,赢得,存在;operate 运转,工作,操作,控制,使运行;oppose 反对,对抗;object 反对,拒绝。空格处动词的宾语为it,即指代前面的machine(机器),因此B符合句意。8. 单选题After the disaster, the truth（ ）us that a healthy habit of living can keep us away from some terrible diseases.问题1选项A.focused onB.imposed onC.dawned onD.leaned on【答案】C【解

24、析】句意:在这场灾难后，我们渐渐明白一个事实:一个健康的生活习惯能让我们远离一些可怕的疾病。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。focus on 集中注意力于，聚焦于；impose on 利用，欺骗，施加影响于； dawn on被理解，渐渐明白；lean on 依赖，靠在上。故选C。9. 单选题Nuclear weapons are not the only explosive force（ ）civilization.问题1选项A.frighteningB.brighteningC.strengtheningD.threatening【答案】D【解析】句意:核武器不是威胁人类文明的唯一爆

25、破力。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式作explosive force的后置定语。frighten 使惊吓,吓唬;brighten (使)更明亮,色彩鲜艳,(使)快活起来;strengthen 加强,巩固;threaten 威胁,恐吓。因此D符合句意。10. 单选题We（ ）managed to have people accept our theory after a long, hard struggle.问题1选项A.momentarilyB.suddenlyC.graciouslyD.gradually【答案】D【解析】句意:经过长期的艰苦努力之后，我们逐渐让他们接了受

26、我们的理论。考查副词辨析。momentarily 顷刻之间，马上;suddenly意外地，忽然地；graciously优雅地，慈样地;gradually逐步地，渐渐地。 根据后文的after a long, hard struggle (长期的艰苦努力之后)可知D正确。11. 单选题We are dealing with two different perspectives that（ ）, intersect, but dont seem to yield a synthesis.问题1选项A.overrunB.overlapC.overworkD.overuse【答案】B【解析】句意:我们

27、正在处理有部分重叠、交叉却似乎不能生成综合体的两种不同的透视图。考查动词辨析。Overrun 泛滥，横行，肆虐，多用(时间、钱财等)，超时;overlap部分重叠，部分地同时发生;overwork工作过度;overuse 使用过度（或过久）。由题干中关键信息intersect交叉”可知“部分重叠”符合。12. 单选题As a start toward better policy making, the administration should put forward a detailed analysis（ ）each major proposed policy change.问题1选项A.

28、justifyingB.criticizingC.designingD.prohibiting【答案】A【解析】句意:作为更好政策制定的开始，行政机构应提出一个详细的分析来证明每个被提议的主要政策变化都是有道理的。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。Justify 证明 正当（或有道理、合理），替辩护；criticize 批评，评论;design 设计，计划，构思; prohibit 阻止，禁止。因此A符合句意。13. 单选题A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines h

29、ow the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because th

30、e history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers efforts were part of the

31、national movement for labor reform.In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago

32、 suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packing-houses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the workers w

33、ere poorly paid and overworked.The history may be too optimistic because most of its data from the 1880s and the information provided from that decade are insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880s and continued to decline after the 1880s, due to a reorganization of the packi

34、ng process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wa

35、ges and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industrys workers from the 1880s on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and pack

36、ing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The authors misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty general

37、izations.The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers the giant yards and the intricate plants - than of the unity and vibrancy(活跃)of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicagos South Side. Indeed, the s

38、trength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing（ ）.2.The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative conditio

39、ns in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT（ ）.3.The author of the passage mentions the “social movement” (in the last paragraph) generated by Chicagos South Side community primarily in order to（ ）.4.According to the passage, the working conditions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry during t

40、he 1880s were influenced by（ ）.5. The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to（ ）.问题1选项A.how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryB.why it is difficult to determine the actual nature of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing indu

41、stryC.why a particular account of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry is inaccurateD.what ought to be included in any account of the Chicago meat-packers role in the national labor movement问题2选项A.data from the University of ChicagoB.social workersC.a recent history of the meat-packin

42、g industryD.historical sources for the late nineteenth century问题3选项A.inform the reader of events that occurred in the meat-packing industry after the period of time covered by the historyB.introduce a new issue designed to elaborate on the good relationship between the meat-packers and Chicagos ethn

43、ic communitiesC.salvage the historys point of view by suggesting that there were positive developments in the meat-packing industry due to worker unityD.suggest the historys limitations by pointing out a situation that the history failed to explain adequately问题4选项A.the workers determined complaints

44、about the rate and conditions of their workB.the efforts of social workers to improve sanitation in the packing-housesC.the workers ability to perform the industrys complex tasksD.improvements in the industrys packing process that occurred in the 1880s问题5选项A.summarize the main point of the history d

45、iscussed in the passageB.explain why the history discussed in the passage has been disparaged by criticsC.evaluate the findings of recent studies that undermine the premises of the history discussed in the passageD.present evidence that is intended to refute the argument of the history discussed in

46、the passage【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出: The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform (这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工 历史上重要时期的事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运动的一部分)

47、以及第三段指出:The authors misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations (作者对肉类加工商对其工业区的感受的起源的误解，可能是历史错误概括的原因)。因此该文章主要讨论“为何有关芝加哥肉类加工业情况的叙述是错误的”。2.细节事实题。题干问:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉类包装行业负面状况的内容，除了。A:来自芝加哥大学的资料

48、,第二段指出: Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work(来自芝加哥大学的附加资料表明肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社会工作者, 由第二段中 “while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked(与此同吋，社会工作者发现大多数工人收入非常差且工作过度)”可知B正确。C:肉类加

49、工业的近代史, 第一段指出: Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的 原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦

50、),因此C项错误。D:第二段指出:In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死率),由此可

51、知D正确。因此本题选C。3.判断推理题。第一段指出: The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers5 efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform (这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要吋期的这个事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运 动的一部分),故选D“通过指出这段历史记录未能适当地解释的一种情况表现

52、这段历史记录的局限性”。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process （though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent）, pay and conditions for t

53、he latter were wretched (虽然前者（即有技能的肉类加工工人）的状况因其在复杂的屠宰、切割和包装步骤中的关键重要性可能是可容忍的（尽管工人经常抱怨工作的速度和条件），但是后者的（即没有技能的肉类加工工人）的收入和状况却是无法容忍的),因此C项“这些工人去履行这个行业复杂工作的能力”正确。5.判断推理题。第一段首先指出近代史的作者辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦。第二段说: In fact, other historical sources for the late-ninetee

54、nth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work (事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低

55、工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死亡率。来自芝加哥大学的附加资料暗示肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),由此看出第二段是对第一段内容的反驳。故选D“提出证据来反驳文中讨论的这段历史记录的论据”。14. 单选题The men were full of（ ） because they thought their friends had been unjustly punished.问题1选项A.diagnosisB.indigestionC.indignationD.aggression【答案】C【解析】句意:这些人非常愤怒，因为他们认为他们的朋友受到了不公正的惩罚。

56、考查名词辨析。diagnosis 诊断，结论；indigestion 消化不良，难理解；indignation愤怒，愤慨;aggression侵略。故C符合句意。15. 单选题Hollywood has always been an international business, but it is becoming dramatically more so. In the past decade total box-office spending has risen by about one-third in North America while more than doubling el

57、sewhere. Thanks to Harry Poller, Sherlock Holmes and “Inception”, Warner Bros made $2.93 billion outside North America last year, smashing the studios previous record of $2.24 billion. Falling DVD sales in America, by far the worlds biggest home-entertainment market, mean Hollywood is even more depe

58、ndent on foreign punters.The growth of the international box office is partly a result of the dollars weakness. It was also helped by “Avatar”, and eco-fantasy that made a startling $2 billion outside North America. But three things are particularly important: a cinema boom in the emerging world, a

59、concerted effort by the major studios to make films that might play well outside America and a global marketing push to make sure they do.Russia, with its shrinking teenage population, is an unlikely spot for a box-office boom. Yet cinema-building is proceeding apace, and supply lias created demand.

60、 Last year 160m cinema tickets were sold in Russiathe first time in recent years that sales have exceeded the countrys population. Ticket prices have risen, in part because the new cinemas are superior, with digital projectors that can show 3D films.Growing fears of piracy have led studios to releas

61、e films almost simultaneously in many countries; increasingly, the premiere takes place outside America. That changes the marketing game, says Michael Lynton, head of Sony Pictures. Studios used to rely on rumors of American success seeping out of the country, priming audiences elsewhere to see a fi

62、lm. Now they must conduct coordinated global campaigns. Stars are gathered for two-week-long marketing blitzes（突袭）that may take them to ten countries -“like a political campaign”, says Mr. Lynton.The success of a film outside America is not purely a marketing matter. As foreign box-office sales have

63、 become more important, the people who manage international distribution have become more influential, weighing in on “green-light” decisions about which films are made. The studios are careful to seed films with actors, locations and, occasionally, languages that are well-known in target countries.1. The author of the passage uses Harry Potter in the first paragraph to（ ）.2. According to the second paragrap