2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库及模拟押密卷72（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （ ）schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.问题1选项A.compellingB.forcedC.obligedD.compulsory【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling “强制的”；forced “被迫的”；obliged “有责任的”；compulsory “必修的，义务的”。句意：在苏格兰，就像在英国的其他地方一样，义务教育是从5岁到16岁。选

2、项D符合题意。2. 单选题All the investors in stocks must be（ ）to the risks in such investment.问题1选项A.realisticB.alertC.accessibleD.awake【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。realistic “现实的”；alert “警觉的”；accessible “易接近的”；awake “醒着的”。句意：所有股票投资者都必须当心这种投资的风险。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easi

3、ly _ for a month or a year as for a single day.问题1选项A.put upB.stay upC.speed upD.make up【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。put up for “获得食宿安排”； stay up “熬夜”； speed up “加速”； make up “组成，补充，编造”。句意：带着这些财产去任何地方，你可以住上一个月或者一年，就像过上一天一样。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a _ character.问题1选

4、项A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。gracious “有礼貌的，优美的”；suspicious “可疑的”，unique “独一无二的，唯一的”；particular “特别的”。句意：我一直不相信他，因为我觉得他是一个可疑的人。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a（ ）instrument, but this would be quite unsuitable for weighing coal, sand o

5、r blocks of stone.问题1选项A.distinctionB.correctionC.precautionD.precision【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。distinction “区别”；correction “改正”；precaution “预防”；precision “精确的”。句意：用来称药品和珠宝的是一种精密仪器，这种仪器不合适称煤、沙或石块的重量。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national park sys

6、tem alone, keeping up with needed repairs is_（ ）_.问题1选项A.overwhelmingB.appallingC.dominantD.appealing【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。overwhelming “势不可挡的”；appalling “令人震惊的”；dominant “主导的”；appealing “吸引力的”。句意：仅国家公园系统就拥有价值300亿到500亿美元的设施和9000英里的道路，维修花费是令人吃惊的。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Science is based on experiment，on a willingnes

7、s to（ ）old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is.问题1选项A.encounterB.convertC.challengeD.formulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。encounter “偶然遇见”；convert “转换”；challenge “挑战”；formulate “规划”。句意：科学是基于实验的，愿意去挑战老教条，以开放的眼光去探求宇宙的本质。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, t

8、he natives must now _ much of their food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deliver “交付，递送”；import “输入，进口”；produce “生产，引起”；develop “发展，进步”。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠，当地人现在必须进口大多数食物。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, （ ）speak to a room of people.问题1选项A.much lessB.muc

9、h moreC.still moreD.more or less【答案】B【解析】副词词组辨析。much less “更不用说”；much more “更加”；still more “更何况”；more or less “或多或少”。句意：她十分害羞以至于不敢询问陌生人时间，更何况是和一屋子的人说话。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Motorcyclists should wear helmets to（ ）them from injury.问题1选项A.saveB.shieldC.shelterD.defend【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。save意为“使免于受到的损伤”；shield指用某

10、种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害。题中是指运用头盔这种工具躲避伤害。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The career I have chosen（ ）opportunities yet it is fraught with heartbreak, despair and hardship.问题1选项A.is laden withB.is lack ofC.is burdened withD.is in want of【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。be laden with “满载，充满”；be lac

11、k of “缺乏”；be burdened with “使重负”；be in want of “需要”。句意：我选择的职业充满机会，然而也充满的心碎、绝望和艰辛。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

12、improve “改善”；enhance “加强”；guarantee “保证”；gear “开动，使合适”。句意：为了在国家激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产产品的数量和种类适合市场需求。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题（ ）a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a. m.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BarringC.Apart fromD.On account of【答案】B【解析】介词词义解析。except “除了”；barring “倘若”；apart from “除以外”；on account of “由于”。题中

13、a delay是一个名词，所以需填入介词。句意：倘若没有延误的话，或者应该会在上午六点半到达上海。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird _ a set of actions to protect its offspring.问题1选项A.hastensB.releasesC.devisesD.initiates【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。hastens “催促，加速”；releases “释放，发表”；devises “发明，图谋”；initiates “发动，发起”。句意：如果猫越来越靠近

14、嘲鸫的巢，它将会发动一系列行动去保护它的后代。选项D符合题意。15. 翻译题Consider the survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, theyll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of the latter.【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。16. 单选题

15、Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a s

16、mile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked t

17、o draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of

18、the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact

19、 with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the fac

20、e of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is

21、 resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.Th

22、e author is convinced that the eyes are_ .2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_ .3.According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partners neck because_.4.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to_.5.To keep a co

23、nversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants_.问题1选项A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB.something through which one can see a persons inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is large

24、ly a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering问题3选项A.they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they need not communicate through eye contactC.they dont t

25、hink it polite to have eye contactD.they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood问题4选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题5选项A.not to wear d

26、ark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.”，说明作者认为眼睛在人与人之间的交往中是相当重要的。选项A符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“face with ey

27、es covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile.”，说明被遮住眼睛的脸以及侧脸不会使婴儿发笑。选项C符合题意。 3.推断题。根据文章第一段，“infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures.”，在日本，婴儿对眼睛的依恋不像其他国家那样强烈，说明因为在婴儿时期不会有太多机会接触眼神交流。选项D符合题意。 4.推断题。

28、根据文章第二段，“if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause”，说明美国人在交谈时，一定要看着讲话人，不然对方就会以为你对谈话不感兴趣而暂停下来。选项C符合题意。 5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are weari

29、ng dark glasses”，说明谈话时戴深色眼睛会带来一系列不好的影响。选项A符合题意。 17. 单选题Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only _ their trainers.问题1选项A.imitatingB.condoningC.instructingD.acknowledging【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。imitate “模仿，效仿”；condone “

30、宽恕”；instruct “指导，命令”；acknowledge “承认，答谢”。句意：一些人类学家声称，一些类人猿已经学会了基本的手语，但是疑论者认为这些类人猿只是模仿他们的训练员。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a（ ）in the economy or a recession.问题1选项A.concessionB.boomC.transmissionD.submission【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。concession “特权”，boom “繁荣”；transmission “传输”；su

31、bmission “屈服”。句意：很难判断我们将来的经济将会呈现繁荣的景象还是衰退的面貌。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题Stores and supermarkets have been（ ）with each other to attract customers.问题1选项A.strivingB.vyingC.conqueringD.sprouting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。striving “奋斗，力争”；vying “使针锋相对”； conquering “战胜，征服”；sprouting “使发芽；使萌芽”。句意：商店和超市针锋相对，都想要吸引顾客。选项B符合题意。20. 单选

32、题On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35, 000 a year, lost approximately $ 175, 000. He had never

33、 gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer，a “Fun Card”，which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino t

34、o track the user s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.( 1) .In 1997 he lost $ 21，000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m.

35、 , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998 a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addict

36、ions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williamss gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted

37、 to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(2) .The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun. and always bet with your head, not over it.”

38、 Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “ helplessly addicted to gambling ”，intentionally worked to “ lure” him to “ engage in conduct against his will”. Well.(3)

39、.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(4) .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is

40、 reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(5) .Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And

41、 since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers, dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1, 800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3. 5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has pas

42、sed pornography as the Webs most profitable business.问题1选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his comp

43、ulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was b

44、roadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more beh

45、avioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what w

46、ould be its grounds for doing so?问题2选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And

47、 in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a

48、sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, of

49、ten defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds

50、for doing so?问题3选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was h

51、is will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social dis

52、ease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addi

53、ctions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题4选项A.

54、Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.

55、By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a so

56、cial policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier,

57、 sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题5选项A.Although no such evi

58、dence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had l

59、ost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the mos

60、t important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations

61、 explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:F第5题:D【解析】1.考查上下文语义题。根据空格上文，描述了Williams从一开始不赌博到输钱的数目越来越大，说明他的赌瘾也越来越大，空格后文也提到了他玩老虎机也输了很多钱，所以根据上下文语境，推断出空格中的内容应该和他输钱的经历相关，用输钱的具体数据进行对比，最能说明他上瘾的过程。选项C符合题意。2. 逻辑关系题。空格上文提到威廉姆的朋友将他送进了戒毒中心，并且赌场也把威廉姆纳入了禁止赌博人名单内，认为赌博行为对他造成了心理和健康伤害，在下次进入赌场前，需要提供赌场不会给他造成安全和健康威胁的证明。空格下文提到尽管赌场知道他成瘾了，但是仍然诱惑他做违背自己意愿的事，还是继续纵容他。前后形成了一个转折，尽管威廉姆没有出示证明